From 4d58cc25e3e7c82981496f1a27320d6e4acce552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Lukas Rieger (Blue)" <github@bluecolored.de>
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 2024 15:09:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Add per-map view-settings and optimized flat-view only maps

---
 .../bluemap/common/WebFilesManager.java       |   2 -
 .../bluemap/common/config/MapConfig.java      |   5 +-
 .../bluemap/common/config/WebappConfig.java   |   5 -
 .../bluecolored/bluemap/config/maps/map.conf  |  19 +-
 .../de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/webapp.conf |   4 -
 .../components/ControlBar/ControlsSwitch.vue  |  13 +-
 .../src/components/Menu/SettingsMenu.vue      |   6 +-
 common/webapp/src/js/BlueMapApp.js            |  22 +-
 common/webapp/src/js/map/Map.js               |  19 +-
 .../bluemap/core/map/MapSettings.java         |  18 +
 .../core/map/MapSettingsSerializer.java       |   5 +
 .../core/map/hires/ArrayTileModel.java        | 498 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../core/map/hires/HiresModelManager.java     |  13 +-
 .../core/map/hires/HiresModelRenderer.java    |   6 +-
 .../bluemap/core/map/hires/PRBMWriter.java    |  34 +-
 .../core/map/hires/RenderSettings.java        |   4 +-
 .../bluemap/core/map/hires/TileModel.java     | 454 ++--------------
 .../bluemap/core/map/hires/VoidTileModel.java | 159 ++++++
 .../blockmodel/BlockStateModelRenderer.java   |   2 +-
 .../blockmodel/ResourceModelRenderer.java     |   2 +-
 gradle/libs.versions.toml                     |   2 +-
 21 files changed, 812 insertions(+), 480 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/ArrayTileModel.java
 create mode 100644 core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/VoidTileModel.java

diff --git a/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/WebFilesManager.java b/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/WebFilesManager.java
index e9db5ec3..99c730c6 100644
--- a/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/WebFilesManager.java
+++ b/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/WebFilesManager.java
@@ -123,7 +123,6 @@ private static class Settings {
 
         private boolean useCookies = true;
 
-        private boolean enableFreeFlight = true;
         private boolean defaultToFlatView = false;
 
         private String startLocation = null;
@@ -150,7 +149,6 @@ private static class Settings {
 
         public void setFrom(WebappConfig config) {
             this.useCookies = config.isUseCookies();
-            this.enableFreeFlight = config.isEnableFreeFlight();
             this.defaultToFlatView = config.isDefaultToFlatView();
             this.startLocation = config.getStartLocation().orElse(null);
             this.resolutionDefault = config.getResolutionDefault();
diff --git a/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/config/MapConfig.java b/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/config/MapConfig.java
index 7497c641..16469aeb 100644
--- a/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/config/MapConfig.java
+++ b/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/config/MapConfig.java
@@ -75,7 +75,10 @@ public class MapConfig implements MapSettings {
 
     private boolean renderEdges = true;
 
-    private boolean saveHiresLayer = true;
+    private boolean enablePerspectiveView = true;
+    private boolean enableFlatView = true;
+    private boolean enableFreeFlightView = true;
+    private boolean enableHires = true;
 
     private String storage = "file";
 
diff --git a/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/config/WebappConfig.java b/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/config/WebappConfig.java
index c61ba42d..cdb4166b 100644
--- a/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/config/WebappConfig.java
+++ b/common/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/common/config/WebappConfig.java
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ public class WebappConfig {
 
     private boolean useCookies = true;
 
-    private boolean enableFreeFlight = true;
     private boolean defaultToFlatView = false;
 
     private String startLocation = null;
@@ -82,10 +81,6 @@ public boolean isUseCookies() {
         return useCookies;
     }
 
-    public boolean isEnableFreeFlight() {
-        return enableFreeFlight;
-    }
-
     public boolean isDefaultToFlatView() {
         return defaultToFlatView;
     }
diff --git a/common/src/main/resources/de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/maps/map.conf b/common/src/main/resources/de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/maps/map.conf
index 176fd79e..8ba99c6d 100644
--- a/common/src/main/resources/de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/maps/map.conf
+++ b/common/src/main/resources/de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/maps/map.conf
@@ -96,13 +96,28 @@ min-inhabited-time: 0
 # Default is true
 render-edges: true
 
-# Whether the hires-layer will be saved to the storage.
+# Whether the perspective view will be enabled for this map.
+# Changing this to true requires a re-render of the map, only if the hires-layer is enabled and free-flight view is disabled.
+# Default is true
+enable-perspective-view: true
+
+# Whether the flat (isometric, top-down) view will be enabled for this map.
+# Having only flat-view enabled while disabling free-flight and perspective will speed up the render and reduce the maps storage-size.
+# Default is true
+enable-flat-view: true
+
+# Whether the free-flight view will be enabled for this map.
+# Changing this to true requires a re-render of the map, only if the hires-layer is enabled and perspective view is disabled.
+# Default is true
+enable-free-flight-view: true
+
+# Whether the hires-layer will be enabled.
 # Disabling this will speed up rendering and reduce the size of the map-files a lot.
 # But you will not be able to see the full 3d-models if you zoom in on the map.
 # Changing this to false will not remove any existing tiles, existing tiles just won't get updated anymore.
 # Changing this to true will require a re-render of the map.
 # Default is true
-save-hires-layer: true
+enable-hires: true
 
 # This defines the storage-config that will be used to save this map.
 # You can find your storage configs next to this config file in the 'storages'-folder.
diff --git a/common/src/main/resources/de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/webapp.conf b/common/src/main/resources/de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/webapp.conf
index 3f40d016..8032ef5a 100644
--- a/common/src/main/resources/de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/webapp.conf
+++ b/common/src/main/resources/de/bluecolored/bluemap/config/webapp.conf
@@ -22,10 +22,6 @@ update-settings-file: true
 # Default is true
 use-cookies: true
 
-# If the free-flight-mode in the web-application is enabled or not.
-# Default is true
-enable-free-flight: true
-
 # If the webapp will default to flat-view instead of perspective-view.
 # Default is false
 default-to-flat-view: false
diff --git a/common/webapp/src/components/ControlBar/ControlsSwitch.vue b/common/webapp/src/components/ControlBar/ControlsSwitch.vue
index 0bc4a315..756beb9c 100644
--- a/common/webapp/src/components/ControlBar/ControlsSwitch.vue
+++ b/common/webapp/src/components/ControlBar/ControlsSwitch.vue
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <template>
-  <div class="controls-switch">
-    <SvgButton :active="isPerspectiveView" @action="setPerspectiveView" :title="$t('controls.perspective.tooltip')">
+  <div class="controls-switch" v-if="showViewControls">
+    <SvgButton v-if="mapViewer.map.perspectiveView" :active="isPerspectiveView" @action="setPerspectiveView" :title="$t('controls.perspective.tooltip')">
       <svg viewBox="0 0 30 30">
         <path d="M19.475,10.574c-0.166-0.021-0.337-0.036-0.51-0.045c-0.174-0.009-0.35-0.013-0.525-0.011
           c-0.176,0.002-0.353,0.01-0.526,0.024c-0.175,0.015-0.347,0.036-0.515,0.063l-13.39,2.189
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
           c-0.116-0.051-0.243-0.097-0.381-0.138c-0.137-0.041-0.283-0.078-0.438-0.108C19.803,10.621,19.641,10.595,19.475,10.574"/>
       </svg>
     </SvgButton>
-    <SvgButton :active="isFlatView" @action="setFlatView" :title="$t('controls.flatView.tooltip')">
+    <SvgButton v-if="mapViewer.map.flatView" :active="isFlatView" @action="setFlatView" :title="$t('controls.flatView.tooltip')">
       <svg viewBox="0 0 30 30">
         <path d="M22.371,4.158c1.65,0,3,1.35,3,3v15.684c0,1.65-1.35,3-3,3H7.629c-1.65,0-3-1.35-3-3V7.158c0-1.65,1.35-3,3-3H22.371z"/>
       </svg>
     </SvgButton>
-    <SvgButton v-if="controls.enableFreeFlight" :active="isFreeFlight" @action="setFreeFlight" :title="$t('controls.freeFlight.tooltip')">
+    <SvgButton v-if="mapViewer.map.freeFlightView" :active="isFreeFlight" @action="setFreeFlight" :title="$t('controls.freeFlight.tooltip')">
       <svg viewBox="0 0 30 30">
         <path d="M21.927,11.253c-0.256-0.487-0.915-0.885-1.465-0.885h-2.004c-0.55,0-0.726-0.356-0.39-0.792c0,0,0.698-0.905,0.698-2.041
           c0-2.08-1.687-3.767-3.767-3.767s-3.767,1.687-3.767,3.767c0,1.136,0.698,2.041,0.698,2.041c0.336,0.436,0.161,0.794-0.389,0.797
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
     data() {
       return {
         controls: this.$bluemap.appState.controls,
+        mapViewer: this.$bluemap.mapViewer.data
       }
     },
     computed: {
@@ -51,6 +52,10 @@
       },
       isFreeFlight() {
         return this.controls.state === "free";
+      },
+      showViewControls() {
+        if (!this.mapViewer.map) return 0;
+        return this.mapViewer.map.views.length > 1;
       }
     },
     methods: {
diff --git a/common/webapp/src/components/Menu/SettingsMenu.vue b/common/webapp/src/components/Menu/SettingsMenu.vue
index 2b2160e0..61a71a0b 100644
--- a/common/webapp/src/components/Menu/SettingsMenu.vue
+++ b/common/webapp/src/components/Menu/SettingsMenu.vue
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <template>
   <div>
     <Group :title="$t('controls.title')">
-      <SimpleButton :active="appState.controls.state === 'perspective'" @action="$bluemap.setPerspectiveView(500, appState.controls.state === 'free' ? 100 : 0)">{{$t('controls.perspective.button')}}</SimpleButton>
-      <SimpleButton :active="appState.controls.state === 'flat'" @action="$bluemap.setFlatView(500, appState.controls.state === 'free' ? 100 : 0)">{{$t('controls.flatView.button')}}</SimpleButton>
-      <SimpleButton v-if="appState.controls.enableFreeFlight" :active="appState.controls.state === 'free'" @action="$bluemap.setFreeFlight(500)">{{$t('controls.freeFlight.button')}}</SimpleButton>
+      <SimpleButton v-if="mapViewer.map.perspectiveView" :active="appState.controls.state === 'perspective'" @action="$bluemap.setPerspectiveView(500, appState.controls.state === 'free' ? 100 : 0)">{{$t('controls.perspective.button')}}</SimpleButton>
+      <SimpleButton v-if="mapViewer.map.flatView" :active="appState.controls.state === 'flat'" @action="$bluemap.setFlatView(500, appState.controls.state === 'free' ? 100 : 0)">{{$t('controls.flatView.button')}}</SimpleButton>
+      <SimpleButton v-if="mapViewer.map.freeFlightView" :active="appState.controls.state === 'free'" @action="$bluemap.setFreeFlight(500)">{{$t('controls.freeFlight.button')}}</SimpleButton>
     </Group>
 
     <Group :title="$t('lighting.title')">
diff --git a/common/webapp/src/js/BlueMapApp.js b/common/webapp/src/js/BlueMapApp.js
index 9ad6227a..e69ccf5a 100644
--- a/common/webapp/src/js/BlueMapApp.js
+++ b/common/webapp/src/js/BlueMapApp.js
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
         /** @type {{
          *      version: string,
          *      useCookies: boolean,
-         *      enableFreeFlight: boolean,
          *      defaultToFlatView: boolean,
          *      resolutionDefault: number,
          *      minZoomDistance: number,
@@ -96,7 +95,6 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
                 mouseSensitivity: 1,
                 showZoomButtons: true,
                 invertMouse: false,
-                enableFreeFlight: false,
                 pauseTileLoading: false
             },
             menu: this.mainMenu,
@@ -139,7 +137,6 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
         await this.getSettings();
         this.mapControls.minDistance = this.settings.minZoomDistance;
         this.mapControls.maxDistance = this.settings.maxZoomDistance;
-        this.appState.controls.enableFreeFlight = this.settings.enableFreeFlight;
 
         // load settings-styles
         if (this.settings.styles) for (let styleUrl of this.settings.styles) {
@@ -259,7 +256,9 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
 
         await this.mapViewer.switchMap(map)
 
-        if (resetCamera) this.resetCamera();
+        if (resetCamera || !this.mapViewer.map.hasView(this.appState.controls.state))
+            this.resetCamera();
+
         this.updatePageAddress();
 
         await Promise.all([
@@ -283,10 +282,18 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
 
         controls.controls = this.mapControls;
         this.appState.controls.state = "perspective";
-        if (this.settings.defaultToFlatView) {
+
+        if (this.settings.defaultToFlatView && map.hasView("flat")) {
             this.setFlatView();
         }
 
+        else if (!map.hasView("perspective")) {
+            if (map.hasView("flat"))
+                this.setFlatView();
+            else
+                this.setFreeFlight();
+        }
+
         this.updatePageAddress();
     }
 
@@ -328,7 +335,6 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
             this.settings = {
                 version: "?",
                 useCookies: false,
-                enableFreeFlight: true,
                 defaultToFlatView: false,
                 resolutionDefault: 1.0,
                 minZoomDistance: 5,
@@ -451,6 +457,7 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
 
     setPerspectiveView(transition = 0, minDistance = 5) {
         if (!this.mapViewer.map) return;
+        if (!this.mapViewer.map.data.perspectiveView) return;
         if (this.viewAnimation) this.viewAnimation.cancel();
 
         let cm = this.mapViewer.controlsManager;
@@ -488,6 +495,7 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
 
     setFlatView(transition = 0, minDistance = 5) {
         if (!this.mapViewer.map) return;
+        if (!this.mapViewer.map.data.flatView) return;
         if (this.viewAnimation) this.viewAnimation.cancel();
 
         let cm = this.mapViewer.controlsManager;
@@ -521,7 +529,7 @@ export class BlueMapApp {
 
     setFreeFlight(transition = 0, targetY = undefined) {
         if (!this.mapViewer.map) return;
-        if (!this.settings.enableFreeFlight) return this.setPerspectiveView(transition);
+        if (!this.mapViewer.map.data.freeFlightView) return;
         if (this.viewAnimation) this.viewAnimation.cancel();
 
         let cm = this.mapViewer.controlsManager;
diff --git a/common/webapp/src/js/map/Map.js b/common/webapp/src/js/map/Map.js
index 33ab9d49..9e9f8363 100644
--- a/common/webapp/src/js/map/Map.js
+++ b/common/webapp/src/js/map/Map.js
@@ -78,7 +78,11 @@ export class Map {
 				tileSize: {x: 32, z: 32},
 				lodFactor: 5,
 				lodCount: 3
-			}
+			},
+			perspectiveView: false,
+			flatView: false,
+			freeFlightView: false,
+			views: ["perspective", "flat", "free"]
 		});
 
 		this.raycaster = new Raycaster();
@@ -198,6 +202,15 @@ export class Map {
 					lodCount: worldSettings.lowres.lodCount !== undefined ? worldSettings.lowres.lodCount : this.data.lowres.lodCount
 				};
 
+				this.data.perspectiveView = worldSettings.perspectiveView !== undefined ? worldSettings.perspectiveView : this.data.perspectiveView;
+				this.data.flatView = worldSettings.flatView !== undefined ? worldSettings.flatView : this.data.flatView;
+				this.data.freeFlightView = worldSettings.freeFlightView !== undefined ? worldSettings.freeFlightView : this.data.freeFlightView;
+
+				this.data.views = [];
+				if (this.data.perspectiveView) this.data.views.push("perspective");
+				if (this.data.flatView) this.data.views.push("flat");
+				if (this.data.freeFlightView) this.data.views.push("free");
+
 				alert(this.events, `Settings for map '${this.data.id}' loaded.`, "fine");
 			});
 	}
@@ -472,6 +485,10 @@ export class Map {
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	hasView(view) {
+		return this.data.views.some(v => v === view)
+	}
+
 	dispose() {
 		this.unload();
 	}
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/MapSettings.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/MapSettings.java
index ca41539e..9d3c7b02 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/MapSettings.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/MapSettings.java
@@ -52,4 +52,22 @@ public interface MapSettings extends RenderSettings {
 
     float getSkyLight();
 
+    boolean isEnablePerspectiveView();
+
+    boolean isEnableFlatView();
+
+    boolean isEnableFreeFlightView();
+
+    boolean isEnableHires();
+
+    @Override
+    default boolean isSaveHiresLayer() {
+        return isEnableHires();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    default boolean isRenderTopOnly() {
+        return !isEnableHires() || (!isEnablePerspectiveView() && !isEnableFreeFlightView());
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/MapSettingsSerializer.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/MapSettingsSerializer.java
index edecd22e..8e59ed7b 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/MapSettingsSerializer.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/MapSettingsSerializer.java
@@ -83,6 +83,11 @@ public JsonElement serialize(BmMap map, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext
         root.addProperty("ambientLight", map.getMapSettings().getAmbientLight());
         root.addProperty("skyLight", map.getMapSettings().getSkyLight());
 
+        // view settings
+        root.addProperty("perspectiveView", map.getMapSettings().isEnablePerspectiveView());
+        root.addProperty("flatView", map.getMapSettings().isEnableFlatView());
+        root.addProperty("freeFlightView", map.getMapSettings().isEnableFreeFlightView());
+
         return root;
     }
 
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/ArrayTileModel.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/ArrayTileModel.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..233c987b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/ArrayTileModel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of BlueMap, licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Blue (Lukas Rieger) <https://bluecolored.de>
+ * Copyright (c) contributors
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.map.hires;
+
+import com.flowpowered.math.TrigMath;
+import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.InstancePool;
+import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.MergeSort;
+import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.math.MatrixM3f;
+import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.math.MatrixM4f;
+
+public class ArrayTileModel implements TileModel {
+    private static final double GROW_MULTIPLIER = 1.5;
+
+    private static final InstancePool<ArrayTileModel> INSTANCE_POOL = new InstancePool<>(
+            () -> new ArrayTileModel(100),
+            ArrayTileModel::clear
+    );
+
+    // attributes         per-vertex * per-face
+    static final int
+            FI_POSITION =          3 * 3,
+            FI_UV =                2 * 3,
+            FI_AO =                    3,
+            FI_COLOR =             3    ,
+            FI_SUNLIGHT =       1       ,
+            FI_BLOCKLIGHT =     1       ,
+            FI_MATERIAL_INDEX = 1       ;
+
+    private int capacity;
+    int size;
+
+    float[] position;
+    float[] color, uv, ao;
+    byte[] sunlight, blocklight;
+    int[] materialIndex, materialIndexSort, materialIndexSortSupport;
+
+    public ArrayTileModel(int initialCapacity) {
+        if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("initialCapacity is negative");
+        setCapacity(initialCapacity);
+        clear();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int add(int count) {
+        ensureCapacity(count);
+        int start = this.size;
+        this.size += count;
+        return start;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel setPositions(
+            int face,
+            float x1, float y1, float z1,
+            float x2, float y2, float z2,
+            float x3, float y3, float z3
+    ){
+        int index = face * FI_POSITION;
+
+        position[index        ] = x1;
+        position[index     + 1] = y1;
+        position[index     + 2] = z1;
+
+        position[index + 3    ] = x2;
+        position[index + 3 + 1] = y2;
+        position[index + 3 + 2] = z2;
+
+        position[index + 6    ] = x3;
+        position[index + 6 + 1] = y3;
+        position[index + 6 + 2] = z3;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel setUvs(
+            int face,
+            float u1, float v1,
+            float u2, float v2,
+            float u3, float v3
+    ){
+        int index = face * FI_UV;
+
+        uv[index        ] = u1;
+        uv[index     + 1] = v1;
+
+        uv[index + 2    ] = u2;
+        uv[index + 2 + 1] = v2;
+
+        uv[index + 4    ] = u3;
+        uv[index + 4 + 1] = v3;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel setAOs(
+            int face,
+            float ao1, float ao2, float ao3
+    ) {
+        int index = face * FI_AO;
+
+        ao[index    ] = ao1;
+        ao[index + 1] = ao2;
+        ao[index + 2] = ao3;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel setColor(
+            int face,
+            float r, float g, float b
+    ){
+        int index = face * FI_COLOR;
+
+        color[index    ] = r;
+        color[index + 1] = g;
+        color[index + 2] = b;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel setSunlight(int face, int sl) {
+        sunlight[face * FI_SUNLIGHT] = (byte) sl;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel setBlocklight(int face, int bl) {
+        blocklight[face * FI_BLOCKLIGHT] = (byte) bl;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel setMaterialIndex(int face, int m) {
+        materialIndex[face * FI_MATERIAL_INDEX] = m;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel rotate(
+            int start, int count,
+            float angle, float axisX, float axisY, float axisZ
+    ) {
+
+        // create quaternion
+        double halfAngle = Math.toRadians(angle) * 0.5;
+        double q = TrigMath.sin(halfAngle) / Math.sqrt(axisX * axisX + axisY * axisY + axisZ * axisZ);
+
+        double   //quaternion
+                qx = axisX * q,
+                qy = axisY * q,
+                qz = axisZ * q,
+                qw = TrigMath.cos(halfAngle),
+                qLength = Math.sqrt(qx * qx + qy * qy + qz * qz + qw * qw);
+
+        // normalize quaternion
+        qx /= qLength;
+        qy /= qLength;
+        qz /= qLength;
+        qw /= qLength;
+
+        return rotateByQuaternion(start, count, qx, qy, qz, qw);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel rotate(
+            int start, int count,
+            float pitch, float yaw, float roll
+    ) {
+
+        double
+                halfYaw = Math.toRadians(yaw) * 0.5,
+                qy1 = TrigMath.sin(halfYaw),
+                qw1 = TrigMath.cos(halfYaw),
+
+                halfPitch = Math.toRadians(pitch) * 0.5,
+                qx2 = TrigMath.sin(halfPitch),
+                qw2 = TrigMath.cos(halfPitch),
+
+                halfRoll = Math.toRadians(roll) * 0.5,
+                qz3 = TrigMath.sin(halfRoll),
+                qw3 = TrigMath.cos(halfRoll);
+
+        // multiply 1 with 2
+        double
+                qxA =   qw1 * qx2,
+                qyA =   qy1 * qw2,
+                qzA = - qy1 * qx2,
+                qwA =   qw1 * qw2;
+
+        // multiply with 3
+        double
+                qx = qxA * qw3 + qyA * qz3,
+                qy = qyA * qw3 - qxA * qz3,
+                qz = qwA * qz3 + qzA * qw3,
+                qw = qwA * qw3 - qzA * qz3;
+
+        return rotateByQuaternion(start, count, qx, qy, qz, qw);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel rotateByQuaternion(
+            int start, int count,
+            double qx, double qy, double qz, double qw
+    ) {
+        double x, y, z, px, py, pz, pw;
+        int end = start + count, index;
+        for (int face = start; face < end; face++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+                index = face * FI_POSITION + i * 3;
+
+                x = position[index];
+                y = position[index + 1];
+                z = position[index + 2];
+
+                px = qw * x + qy * z - qz * y;
+                py = qw * y + qz * x - qx * z;
+                pz = qw * z + qx * y - qy * x;
+                pw = -qx * x - qy * y - qz * z;
+
+                position[index] = (float) (pw * -qx + px * qw - py * qz + pz * qy);
+                position[index + 1] = (float) (pw * -qy + py * qw - pz * qx + px * qz);
+                position[index + 2] = (float) (pw * -qz + pz * qw - px * qy + py * qx);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel scale(
+            int start, int count,
+            float sx, float sy, float sz
+    ) {
+        int end = start + count, index;
+        for (int face = start; face < end; face++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+                index = face * FI_POSITION + i * 3;
+                position[index    ] *= sx;
+                position[index + 1] *= sy;
+                position[index + 2] *= sz;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel translate(
+            int start, int count,
+            float dx, float dy, float dz
+    ) {
+        int end = start + count, index;
+        for (int face = start; face < end; face++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+                index = face * FI_POSITION + i * 3;
+                position[index    ] += dx;
+                position[index + 1] += dy;
+                position[index + 2] += dz;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel transform(int start, int count, MatrixM3f t) {
+        return transform(start, count,
+            t.m00, t.m01, t.m02,
+            t.m10, t.m11, t.m12,
+            t.m20, t.m21, t.m22
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel transform(
+            int start, int count,
+            float m00, float m01, float m02,
+            float m10, float m11, float m12,
+            float m20, float m21, float m22
+    ) {
+        return transform(start, count,
+                m00, m01, m02, 0,
+                m10, m11, m12, 0,
+                m20, m21, m22, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 1
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel transform(int start, int count, MatrixM4f t) {
+        return transform(start, count,
+                t.m00, t.m01, t.m02, t.m03,
+                t.m10, t.m11, t.m12, t.m13,
+                t.m20, t.m21, t.m22, t.m23,
+                t.m30, t.m31, t.m32, t.m33
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel transform(
+            int start, int count,
+            float m00, float m01, float m02, float m03,
+            float m10, float m11, float m12, float m13,
+            float m20, float m21, float m22, float m23,
+            float m30, float m31, float m32, float m33
+    ) {
+        int end = start + count, index;
+        float x, y, z;
+        for (int face = start; face < end; face++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+                index = face * FI_POSITION + i * 3;
+                x = position[index    ];
+                y = position[index + 1];
+                z = position[index + 2];
+
+                position[index    ] = m00 * x + m01 * y + m02 * z + m03;
+                position[index + 1] = m10 * x + m11 * y + m12 * z + m13;
+                position[index + 2] = m20 * x + m21 * y + m22 * z + m23;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel reset(int size) {
+        this.size = size;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayTileModel clear() {
+        this.size = 0;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void ensureCapacity(int count) {
+        if (size + count > capacity){
+            float[] _position = position;
+            float[] _color = color, _uv = uv, _ao = ao;
+            byte[] _sunlight = sunlight, _blocklight = blocklight;
+            int[] _materialIndex = materialIndex;
+
+            int newCapacity = (int) (capacity * GROW_MULTIPLIER) + count;
+            setCapacity(newCapacity);
+
+            System.arraycopy(_position,         0, position,        0, size * FI_POSITION);
+            System.arraycopy(_uv,               0, uv,              0, size * FI_UV);
+            System.arraycopy(_ao,               0, ao,              0, size * FI_AO);
+
+            System.arraycopy(_color,            0, color,           0, size * FI_COLOR);
+            System.arraycopy(_sunlight,         0, sunlight,        0, size * FI_SUNLIGHT);
+            System.arraycopy(_blocklight,       0, blocklight,      0, size * FI_BLOCKLIGHT);
+            System.arraycopy(_materialIndex,    0, materialIndex,   0, size * FI_MATERIAL_INDEX);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setCapacity(int capacity) {
+        this.capacity = capacity;
+
+        // attributes                capacity * per-vertex * per-face
+        position =      new float   [capacity * FI_POSITION];
+        uv =            new float   [capacity * FI_UV];
+        ao =            new float   [capacity * FI_AO];
+
+        color =         new float   [capacity * FI_COLOR];
+        sunlight =      new byte    [capacity * FI_SUNLIGHT];
+        blocklight =    new byte    [capacity * FI_BLOCKLIGHT];
+        materialIndex = new int     [capacity * FI_MATERIAL_INDEX];
+
+        materialIndexSort = new int[materialIndex.length];
+        materialIndexSortSupport = new int [materialIndex.length];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sort() {
+        if (size <= 1) return; // nothing to sort
+
+        // initialize material-index-sort
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            materialIndexSort[i] = i;
+            materialIndexSortSupport[i] = i;
+        }
+
+        // sort
+        MergeSort.mergeSortInt(materialIndexSort, 0, size, this::compareMaterialIndex, materialIndexSortSupport);
+
+        // move
+        int s, c;
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            s = materialIndexSort[i]; c = 0;
+            while (s < i) {
+                s = materialIndexSort[s];
+
+                // should never happen, just making absolutely sure this can't get stuck in an endless loop
+                if (c++ > size) throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            swap(i, s);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int compareMaterialIndex(int i1, int i2) {
+        return Integer.compare(materialIndex[i1], materialIndex[i2]);
+    }
+
+    private void swap(int face1, int face2) {
+        int i, if1, if2, vi;
+        float vf;
+        byte vb;
+
+        //swap positions
+        if1 = face1 * FI_POSITION;
+        if2 = face2 * FI_POSITION;
+        for (i = 0; i < FI_POSITION; i++){
+            vf = position[if1 + i];
+            position[if1 + i] = position[if2 + i];
+            position[if2 + i] = vf;
+        }
+
+        //swap uv
+        if1 = face1 * FI_UV;
+        if2 = face2 * FI_UV;
+        for (i = 0; i < FI_UV; i++){
+            vf = uv[if1 + i];
+            uv[if1 + i] = uv[if2 + i];
+            uv[if2 + i] = vf;
+        }
+
+        //swap ao
+        if1 = face1 * FI_AO;
+        if2 = face2 * FI_AO;
+        for (i = 0; i < FI_AO; i++){
+            vf = ao[if1 + i];
+            ao[if1 + i] = ao[if2 + i];
+            ao[if2 + i] = vf;
+        }
+
+        //swap color
+        if1 = face1 * FI_COLOR;
+        if2 = face2 * FI_COLOR;
+        for (i = 0; i < FI_COLOR; i++){
+            vf = color[if1 + i];
+            color[if1 + i] = color[if2 + i];
+            color[if2 + i] = vf;
+        }
+
+        //swap sunlight (assuming FI_SUNLIGHT = 1)
+        vb = sunlight[face1];
+        sunlight[face1] = sunlight[face2];
+        sunlight[face2] = vb;
+
+        //swap blocklight (assuming FI_BLOCKLIGHT = 1)
+        vb = blocklight[face1];
+        blocklight[face1] = blocklight[face2];
+        blocklight[face2] = vb;
+
+        //swap material-index (assuming FI_MATERIAL_INDEX = 1)
+        vi = materialIndex[face1];
+        materialIndex[face1] = materialIndex[face2];
+        materialIndex[face2] = vi;
+    }
+
+    static InstancePool<ArrayTileModel> instancePool() {
+        return INSTANCE_POOL;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/HiresModelManager.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/HiresModelManager.java
index d2ebdfdb..9b1cbb1f 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/HiresModelManager.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/HiresModelManager.java
@@ -68,16 +68,19 @@ public void render(World world, Vector2i tile, TileMetaConsumer tileMetaConsumer
         Vector3i modelMin = new Vector3i(tileMin.getX(), Integer.MIN_VALUE, tileMin.getY());
         Vector3i modelMax = new Vector3i(tileMax.getX(), Integer.MAX_VALUE, tileMax.getY());
 
-        TileModel model = TileModel.instancePool().claimInstance();
+        if (save) {
+            ArrayTileModel model = ArrayTileModel.instancePool().claimInstance();
 
-        renderer.render(world, modelMin, modelMax, model, tileMetaConsumer);
+            renderer.render(world, modelMin, modelMax, model, tileMetaConsumer);
 
-        if (save){
             model.sort();
             save(model, tile);
+
+            ArrayTileModel.instancePool().recycleInstance(model);
+        } else {
+            renderer.render(world, modelMin, modelMax, VoidTileModel.INSTANCE, tileMetaConsumer);
         }
 
-        TileModel.instancePool().recycleInstance(model);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ public void unrender(Vector2i tile, TileMetaConsumer tileMetaConsumer) {
         );
     }
 
-    private void save(final TileModel model, Vector2i tile) {
+    private void save(final ArrayTileModel model, Vector2i tile) {
         try (
                 OutputStream out = storage.write(tile.getX(), tile.getY());
                 PRBMWriter modelWriter = new PRBMWriter(out)
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/HiresModelRenderer.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/HiresModelRenderer.java
index 251098c1..b6c6e89d 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/HiresModelRenderer.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/HiresModelRenderer.java
@@ -90,9 +90,6 @@ public void render(World world, Vector3i modelMin, Vector3i modelMax, TileModel
                         //update topBlockLight
                         topBlockLight = Math.max(topBlockLight, block.getBlockLightLevel() * (1 - columnColor.a));
 
-                        // skip empty blocks
-                        if (blockModel.getSize() <= 0) continue;
-
                         // move block-model to correct position
                         blockModel.translate(x - modelAnchor.getX(), y - modelAnchor.getY(), z - modelAnchor.getZ());
 
@@ -102,7 +99,8 @@ public void render(World world, Vector3i modelMin, Vector3i modelMax, TileModel
                             columnColor.underlay(blockColor.premultiplied());
                         }
 
-                        //if (blockColor.a > 0.999 && block.getProperties().isCulling()) break;
+                        if (renderSettings.isRenderTopOnly() && blockColor.a > 0.999 && block.getProperties().isCulling())
+                            break;
                     }
                 }
 
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/PRBMWriter.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/PRBMWriter.java
index 793fa054..902b6069 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/PRBMWriter.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/PRBMWriter.java
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public PRBMWriter(OutputStream out) {
         this.out = new CountingOutputStream(out);
     }
 
-    public void write(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    public void write(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
         out.write(FORMAT_VERSION); // version - 1 byte
         out.write(HEADER_BITS); // format info - 1 byte
         write3byteValue(model.size * 3); // number of values - 3 bytes
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public void close() throws IOException {
         out.close();
     }
 
-    private void writePositionArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    private void writePositionArray(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
         float[] position = model.position;
 
         writeString("position");
@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ private void writePositionArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
 
         writePadding();
 
-        int posSize = model.size * TileModel.FI_POSITION;
+        int posSize = model.size * ArrayTileModel.FI_POSITION;
         for (int i = 0; i < posSize; i++) {
             writeFloat(position[i]);
         }
     }
 
-    private void writeNormalArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    private void writeNormalArray(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
         VectorM3f normal = new VectorM3f(0, 0, 0);
         float[] position = model.position;
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ private void writeNormalArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
 
         int pi, i, j;
         for (i = 0; i < model.size; i++) {
-            pi = i * TileModel.FI_POSITION;
+            pi = i * ArrayTileModel.FI_POSITION;
             calculateSurfaceNormal(
                     position[pi], position[pi + 1], position[pi + 2],
                     position[pi + 3], position[pi + 4], position[pi + 5],
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ private void writeNormalArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
         }
     }
 
-    private void writeColorArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    private void writeColorArray(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
         float[] color = model.color;
 
         writeString("color");
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ private void writeColorArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
 
         writePadding();
 
-        int colorSize = model.size * TileModel.FI_COLOR, i, j;
+        int colorSize = model.size * ArrayTileModel.FI_COLOR, i, j;
         for (i = 0; i < colorSize; i += 3) {
             for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                 writeNormalizedUnsignedByteValue(color[i]);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ private void writeColorArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
         }
     }
 
-    private void writeUvArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    private void writeUvArray(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
         float[] uv = model.uv;
 
         writeString("uv");
@@ -172,13 +172,13 @@ private void writeUvArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
 
         writePadding();
 
-        int uvSize = model.size * TileModel.FI_UV;
+        int uvSize = model.size * ArrayTileModel.FI_UV;
         for (int i = 0; i < uvSize; i++) {
             writeFloat(uv[i]);
         }
     }
 
-    private void writeAoArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    private void writeAoArray(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
         float[] ao = model.ao;
 
         writeString("ao");
@@ -191,13 +191,13 @@ private void writeAoArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
 
         writePadding();
 
-        int uvSize = model.size * TileModel.FI_AO;
+        int uvSize = model.size * ArrayTileModel.FI_AO;
         for (int i = 0; i < uvSize; i++) {
             writeNormalizedUnsignedByteValue(ao[i]);
         }
     }
 
-    private void writeBlocklightArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    private void writeBlocklightArray(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
         byte[] blocklight = model.blocklight;
 
         writeString("blocklight");
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ private void writeBlocklightArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
 
         writePadding();
 
-        int blSize = model.size * TileModel.FI_BLOCKLIGHT;
+        int blSize = model.size * ArrayTileModel.FI_BLOCKLIGHT;
         for (int i = 0; i < blSize; i++) {
             out.write(blocklight[i]);
             out.write(blocklight[i]);
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ private void writeBlocklightArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
         }
     }
 
-    private void writeSunlightArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    private void writeSunlightArray(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
         byte[] sunlight = model.sunlight;
 
         writeString("sunlight");
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ private void writeSunlightArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
 
         writePadding();
 
-        int slSize = model.size * TileModel.FI_SUNLIGHT;
+        int slSize = model.size * ArrayTileModel.FI_SUNLIGHT;
         for (int i = 0; i < slSize; i++) {
             out.write(sunlight[i]);
             out.write(sunlight[i]);
@@ -239,14 +239,14 @@ private void writeSunlightArray(TileModel model) throws IOException {
         }
     }
 
-    private void writeMaterialGroups(TileModel model) throws IOException {
+    private void writeMaterialGroups(ArrayTileModel model) throws IOException {
 
         writePadding();
 
         if (model.size > 0) {
             int[] materialIndex = model.materialIndex;
 
-            int     miSize = model.size * TileModel.FI_MATERIAL_INDEX,
+            int     miSize = model.size * ArrayTileModel.FI_MATERIAL_INDEX,
                     lastMaterial = materialIndex[0],
                     material = lastMaterial, groupStart = 0;
 
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/RenderSettings.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/RenderSettings.java
index ff97d115..3b636715 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/RenderSettings.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/RenderSettings.java
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public interface RenderSettings {
     int getCaveDetectionOceanFloor();
 
     /**
-     * If blocklight should be used instead of sky light to detect "caves"
+     * If blocklight should be used instead of skylight to detect "caves"
      */
     boolean isCaveDetectionUsesBlockLight();
 
@@ -125,4 +125,6 @@ default Predicate<Vector2i> getCellRenderBoundariesFilter(Grid grid, boolean all
 
     boolean isSaveHiresLayer();
 
+    boolean isRenderTopOnly();
+
 }
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/TileModel.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/TileModel.java
index e51c084a..91acc71d 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/TileModel.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/TileModel.java
@@ -1,480 +1,92 @@
-/*
- * This file is part of BlueMap, licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
- *
- * Copyright (c) Blue (Lukas Rieger) <https://bluecolored.de>
- * Copyright (c) contributors
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- */
 package de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.map.hires;
 
-import com.flowpowered.math.TrigMath;
-import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.InstancePool;
-import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.MergeSort;
 import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.math.MatrixM3f;
 import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.math.MatrixM4f;
 
-public class TileModel {
-    private static final double GROW_MULTIPLIER = 1.5;
+public interface TileModel {
 
-    // attributes         per-vertex * per-face
-    static final int
-            FI_POSITION =          3 * 3,
-            FI_UV =                2 * 3,
-            FI_AO =                    3,
-            FI_COLOR =             3    ,
-            FI_SUNLIGHT =       1       ,
-            FI_BLOCKLIGHT =     1       ,
-            FI_MATERIAL_INDEX = 1       ;
+    int size();
 
-    private static final InstancePool<TileModel> INSTANCE_POOL = new InstancePool<>(
-            () -> new TileModel(100),
-            TileModel::clear
-    );
+    int add(int count);
 
-    private int capacity;
-    int size;
-
-    float[] position;
-    float[] color, uv, ao;
-    byte[] sunlight, blocklight;
-    int[] materialIndex, materialIndexSort, materialIndexSortSupport;
-
-    float[] indexedPosition;
-    int[] positionIndex;
-
-    public TileModel(int initialCapacity) {
-        if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("initialCapacity is negative");
-        setCapacity(initialCapacity);
-        clear();
-    }
-
-    public int size() {
-        return size;
-    }
-
-    public int add(int count) {
-        ensureCapacity(count);
-        int start = this.size;
-        this.size += count;
-        return start;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel setPositions(
+    TileModel setPositions(
             int face,
             float x1, float y1, float z1,
             float x2, float y2, float z2,
             float x3, float y3, float z3
-    ){
-        int index = face * FI_POSITION;
+    );
 
-        position[index        ] = x1;
-        position[index     + 1] = y1;
-        position[index     + 2] = z1;
-
-        position[index + 3    ] = x2;
-        position[index + 3 + 1] = y2;
-        position[index + 3 + 2] = z2;
-
-        position[index + 6    ] = x3;
-        position[index + 6 + 1] = y3;
-        position[index + 6 + 2] = z3;
-
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel setUvs(
+    TileModel setUvs(
             int face,
             float u1, float v1,
             float u2, float v2,
             float u3, float v3
-    ){
-        int index = face * FI_UV;
+    );
 
-        uv[index        ] = u1;
-        uv[index     + 1] = v1;
-
-        uv[index + 2    ] = u2;
-        uv[index + 2 + 1] = v2;
-
-        uv[index + 4    ] = u3;
-        uv[index + 4 + 1] = v3;
-
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel setAOs(
+    TileModel setAOs(
             int face,
             float ao1, float ao2, float ao3
-    ) {
-        int index = face * FI_AO;
+    );
 
-        ao[index    ] = ao1;
-        ao[index + 1] = ao2;
-        ao[index + 2] = ao3;
-
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel setColor(
+    TileModel setColor(
             int face,
             float r, float g, float b
-    ){
-        int index = face * FI_COLOR;
+    );
 
-        color[index    ] = r;
-        color[index + 1] = g;
-        color[index + 2] = b;
+    TileModel setSunlight(int face, int sl);
 
-        return this;
-    }
+    TileModel setBlocklight(int face, int bl);
 
-    public TileModel setSunlight(int face, int sl) {
-        sunlight[face * FI_SUNLIGHT] = (byte) sl;
-        return this;
-    }
+    TileModel setMaterialIndex(int face, int m);
 
-    public TileModel setBlocklight(int face, int bl) {
-        blocklight[face * FI_BLOCKLIGHT] = (byte) bl;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel setMaterialIndex(int face, int m) {
-        materialIndex[face * FI_MATERIAL_INDEX] = m;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel rotate(
+    TileModel rotate(
             int start, int count,
             float angle, float axisX, float axisY, float axisZ
-    ) {
+    );
 
-        // create quaternion
-        double halfAngle = Math.toRadians(angle) * 0.5;
-        double q = TrigMath.sin(halfAngle) / Math.sqrt(axisX * axisX + axisY * axisY + axisZ * axisZ);
-
-        double   //quaternion
-                qx = axisX * q,
-                qy = axisY * q,
-                qz = axisZ * q,
-                qw = TrigMath.cos(halfAngle),
-                qLength = Math.sqrt(qx * qx + qy * qy + qz * qz + qw * qw);
-
-        // normalize quaternion
-        qx /= qLength;
-        qy /= qLength;
-        qz /= qLength;
-        qw /= qLength;
-
-        return rotateByQuaternion(start, count, qx, qy, qz, qw);
-    }
-
-    public TileModel rotate(
+    TileModel rotate(
             int start, int count,
             float pitch, float yaw, float roll
-    ) {
+    );
 
-        double
-                halfYaw = Math.toRadians(yaw) * 0.5,
-                qy1 = TrigMath.sin(halfYaw),
-                qw1 = TrigMath.cos(halfYaw),
-
-                halfPitch = Math.toRadians(pitch) * 0.5,
-                qx2 = TrigMath.sin(halfPitch),
-                qw2 = TrigMath.cos(halfPitch),
-
-                halfRoll = Math.toRadians(roll) * 0.5,
-                qz3 = TrigMath.sin(halfRoll),
-                qw3 = TrigMath.cos(halfRoll);
-
-        // multiply 1 with 2
-        double
-                qxA =   qw1 * qx2,
-                qyA =   qy1 * qw2,
-                qzA = - qy1 * qx2,
-                qwA =   qw1 * qw2;
-
-        // multiply with 3
-        double
-                qx = qxA * qw3 + qyA * qz3,
-                qy = qyA * qw3 - qxA * qz3,
-                qz = qwA * qz3 + qzA * qw3,
-                qw = qwA * qw3 - qzA * qz3;
-
-        return rotateByQuaternion(start, count, qx, qy, qz, qw);
-    }
-
-    public TileModel rotateByQuaternion(
+    TileModel rotateByQuaternion(
             int start, int count,
             double qx, double qy, double qz, double qw
-    ) {
-        double x, y, z, px, py, pz, pw;
-        int end = start + count, index;
-        for (int face = start; face < end; face++) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-                index = face * FI_POSITION + i * 3;
+    );
 
-                x = position[index];
-                y = position[index + 1];
-                z = position[index + 2];
-
-                px = qw * x + qy * z - qz * y;
-                py = qw * y + qz * x - qx * z;
-                pz = qw * z + qx * y - qy * x;
-                pw = -qx * x - qy * y - qz * z;
-
-                position[index] = (float) (pw * -qx + px * qw - py * qz + pz * qy);
-                position[index + 1] = (float) (pw * -qy + py * qw - pz * qx + px * qz);
-                position[index + 2] = (float) (pw * -qz + pz * qw - px * qy + py * qx);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel scale(
+    TileModel scale(
             int start, int count,
             float sx, float sy, float sz
-    ) {
-        int end = start + count, index;
-        for (int face = start; face < end; face++) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-                index = face * FI_POSITION + i * 3;
-                position[index    ] *= sx;
-                position[index + 1] *= sy;
-                position[index + 2] *= sz;
-            }
-        }
+    );
 
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel translate(
+    TileModel translate(
             int start, int count,
             float dx, float dy, float dz
-    ) {
-        int end = start + count, index;
-        for (int face = start; face < end; face++) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-                index = face * FI_POSITION + i * 3;
-                position[index    ] += dx;
-                position[index + 1] += dy;
-                position[index + 2] += dz;
-            }
-        }
+    );
 
-        return this;
-    }
+    TileModel transform(int start, int count, MatrixM3f t);
 
-    public TileModel transform(int start, int count, MatrixM3f t) {
-        return transform(start, count,
-            t.m00, t.m01, t.m02,
-            t.m10, t.m11, t.m12,
-            t.m20, t.m21, t.m22
-        );
-    }
-
-    public TileModel transform(
+    TileModel transform(
             int start, int count,
             float m00, float m01, float m02,
             float m10, float m11, float m12,
             float m20, float m21, float m22
-    ) {
-        return transform(start, count,
-                m00, m01, m02, 0,
-                m10, m11, m12, 0,
-                m20, m21, m22, 0,
-                0, 0, 0, 1
-        );
-    }
+    );
 
-    public TileModel transform(int start, int count, MatrixM4f t) {
-        return transform(start, count,
-                t.m00, t.m01, t.m02, t.m03,
-                t.m10, t.m11, t.m12, t.m13,
-                t.m20, t.m21, t.m22, t.m23,
-                t.m30, t.m31, t.m32, t.m33
-        );
-    }
+    TileModel transform(int start, int count, MatrixM4f t);
 
-    public TileModel transform(
+    TileModel transform(
             int start, int count,
             float m00, float m01, float m02, float m03,
             float m10, float m11, float m12, float m13,
             float m20, float m21, float m22, float m23,
             float m30, float m31, float m32, float m33
-    ) {
-        int end = start + count, index;
-        float x, y, z;
-        for (int face = start; face < end; face++) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-                index = face * FI_POSITION + i * 3;
-                x = position[index    ];
-                y = position[index + 1];
-                z = position[index + 2];
+    );
 
-                position[index    ] = m00 * x + m01 * y + m02 * z + m03;
-                position[index + 1] = m10 * x + m11 * y + m12 * z + m13;
-                position[index + 2] = m20 * x + m21 * y + m22 * z + m23;
-            }
-        }
+    TileModel reset(int size);
 
-        return this;
-    }
+    TileModel clear();
 
-    public TileModel reset(int size) {
-        this.size = size;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    public TileModel clear() {
-        this.size = 0;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    private void ensureCapacity(int count) {
-        if (size + count > capacity){
-            float[] _position = position;
-            float[] _color = color, _uv = uv, _ao = ao;
-            byte[] _sunlight = sunlight, _blocklight = blocklight;
-            int[] _materialIndex = materialIndex;
-
-            int newCapacity = (int) (capacity * GROW_MULTIPLIER) + count;
-            setCapacity(newCapacity);
-
-            System.arraycopy(_position,         0, position,        0, size * FI_POSITION);
-            System.arraycopy(_uv,               0, uv,              0, size * FI_UV);
-            System.arraycopy(_ao,               0, ao,              0, size * FI_AO);
-
-            System.arraycopy(_color,            0, color,           0, size * FI_COLOR);
-            System.arraycopy(_sunlight,         0, sunlight,        0, size * FI_SUNLIGHT);
-            System.arraycopy(_blocklight,       0, blocklight,      0, size * FI_BLOCKLIGHT);
-            System.arraycopy(_materialIndex,    0, materialIndex,   0, size * FI_MATERIAL_INDEX);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void setCapacity(int capacity) {
-        this.capacity = capacity;
-
-        // attributes                capacity * per-vertex * per-face
-        position =      new float   [capacity * FI_POSITION];
-        uv =            new float   [capacity * FI_UV];
-        ao =            new float   [capacity * FI_AO];
-
-        color =         new float   [capacity * FI_COLOR];
-        sunlight =      new byte    [capacity * FI_SUNLIGHT];
-        blocklight =    new byte    [capacity * FI_BLOCKLIGHT];
-        materialIndex = new int     [capacity * FI_MATERIAL_INDEX];
-
-        materialIndexSort = new int[materialIndex.length];
-        materialIndexSortSupport = new int [materialIndex.length];
-    }
-
-    public void sort() {
-        if (size <= 1) return; // nothing to sort
-
-        // initialize material-index-sort
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            materialIndexSort[i] = i;
-            materialIndexSortSupport[i] = i;
-        }
-
-        // sort
-        MergeSort.mergeSortInt(materialIndexSort, 0, size, this::compareMaterialIndex, materialIndexSortSupport);
-
-        // move
-        int s, c;
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            s = materialIndexSort[i]; c = 0;
-            while (s < i) {
-                s = materialIndexSort[s];
-
-                // should never happen, just making absolutely sure this can't get stuck in an endless loop
-                if (c++ > size) throw new IllegalStateException();
-            }
-            swap(i, s);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private int compareMaterialIndex(int i1, int i2) {
-        return Integer.compare(materialIndex[i1], materialIndex[i2]);
-    }
-
-    private void swap(int face1, int face2) {
-        int i, if1, if2, vi;
-        float vf;
-        byte vb;
-
-        //swap positions
-        if1 = face1 * FI_POSITION;
-        if2 = face2 * FI_POSITION;
-        for (i = 0; i < FI_POSITION; i++){
-            vf = position[if1 + i];
-            position[if1 + i] = position[if2 + i];
-            position[if2 + i] = vf;
-        }
-
-        //swap uv
-        if1 = face1 * FI_UV;
-        if2 = face2 * FI_UV;
-        for (i = 0; i < FI_UV; i++){
-            vf = uv[if1 + i];
-            uv[if1 + i] = uv[if2 + i];
-            uv[if2 + i] = vf;
-        }
-
-        //swap ao
-        if1 = face1 * FI_AO;
-        if2 = face2 * FI_AO;
-        for (i = 0; i < FI_AO; i++){
-            vf = ao[if1 + i];
-            ao[if1 + i] = ao[if2 + i];
-            ao[if2 + i] = vf;
-        }
-
-        //swap color
-        if1 = face1 * FI_COLOR;
-        if2 = face2 * FI_COLOR;
-        for (i = 0; i < FI_COLOR; i++){
-            vf = color[if1 + i];
-            color[if1 + i] = color[if2 + i];
-            color[if2 + i] = vf;
-        }
-
-        //swap sunlight (assuming FI_SUNLIGHT = 1)
-        vb = sunlight[face1];
-        sunlight[face1] = sunlight[face2];
-        sunlight[face2] = vb;
-
-        //swap blocklight (assuming FI_BLOCKLIGHT = 1)
-        vb = blocklight[face1];
-        blocklight[face1] = blocklight[face2];
-        blocklight[face2] = vb;
-
-        //swap material-index (assuming FI_MATERIAL_INDEX = 1)
-        vi = materialIndex[face1];
-        materialIndex[face1] = materialIndex[face2];
-        materialIndex[face2] = vi;
-    }
-
-    public static InstancePool<TileModel> instancePool() {
-        return INSTANCE_POOL;
-    }
+    void sort();
 
 }
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/VoidTileModel.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/VoidTileModel.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cad2a5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/VoidTileModel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.map.hires;
+
+import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.math.MatrixM3f;
+import de.bluecolored.bluemap.core.util.math.MatrixM4f;
+
+/**
+ * An empty tile-model discarding any actions
+ */
+public class VoidTileModel implements TileModel {
+
+    public static final TileModel INSTANCE = new VoidTileModel();
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int add(int count) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel setPositions(
+            int face,
+            float x1, float y1, float z1,
+            float x2, float y2, float z2,
+            float x3, float y3, float z3
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel setUvs(
+            int face,
+            float u1, float v1,
+            float u2, float v2,
+            float u3, float v3
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel setAOs(
+            int face,
+            float ao1, float ao2, float ao3
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel setColor(
+            int face,
+            float r, float g, float b
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel setSunlight(int face, int sl) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel setBlocklight(int face, int bl) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel setMaterialIndex(int face, int m) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel rotate(
+            int start, int count,
+            float angle,
+            float axisX, float axisY, float axisZ
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel rotate(
+            int start, int count,
+            float pitch, float yaw, float roll
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel rotateByQuaternion(
+            int start, int count,
+            double qx, double qy, double qz, double qw
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel scale(
+            int start, int count,
+            float sx, float sy, float sz
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel translate(
+            int start, int count,
+            float dx, float dy, float dz
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel transform(int start, int count, MatrixM3f t) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel transform(
+            int start, int count,
+            float m00, float m01, float m02,
+            float m10, float m11, float m12,
+            float m20, float m21, float m22
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel transform(int start, int count, MatrixM4f t) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel transform(
+            int start, int count,
+            float m00, float m01, float m02, float m03,
+            float m10, float m11, float m12, float m13,
+            float m20, float m21, float m22, float m23,
+            float m30, float m31, float m32, float m33
+    ) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel reset(int size) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TileModel clear() {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sort() { }
+
+}
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/blockmodel/BlockStateModelRenderer.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/blockmodel/BlockStateModelRenderer.java
index 1068fe0e..ae2d93c3 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/blockmodel/BlockStateModelRenderer.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/blockmodel/BlockStateModelRenderer.java
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ private void renderModel(BlockNeighborhood<?> block, BlockState blockState, Tile
             variantColor.set(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, true);
 
             blockRenderers.get(modelResource.getRenderer())
-                    .render(block, variant, blockModel.initialize(), blockColor);
+                    .render(block, variant, blockModel.initialize(), variantColor);
 
             if (variantColor.a > blockColorOpacity)
                 blockColorOpacity = variantColor.a;
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/blockmodel/ResourceModelRenderer.java b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/blockmodel/ResourceModelRenderer.java
index a00c2fe2..286f2309 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/blockmodel/ResourceModelRenderer.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/de/bluecolored/bluemap/core/map/hires/blockmodel/ResourceModelRenderer.java
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ private void createElementFace(Element element, Direction faceDir, VectorM3f c0,
         makeRotationRelative(faceRotationVector);
 
         // face culling
-        //if (faceRotationVector.y < 0.01) return;
+        if (renderSettings.isRenderTopOnly() && faceRotationVector.y < 0.01) return;
         if (face.getCullface() != null) {
             ExtendedBlock<?> b = getRotationRelativeBlock(face.getCullface());
             BlockProperties p = b.getProperties();
diff --git a/gradle/libs.versions.toml b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
index e63e83f8..2a1a42fd 100644
--- a/gradle/libs.versions.toml
+++ b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ junit = "5.8.2"
 spongegradle = "2.2.0"
 
 [libraries]
-aircompressor = { module = "io.airlift:aircompressor", version = "0.24" }
+aircompressor = { module = "io.airlift:aircompressor", version = "0.27" }
 bluenbt = { module = "de.bluecolored.bluenbt:BlueNBT", version = "3.0.1" }
 brigadier = { module = "com.mojang:brigadier", version = "1.0.17" }
 bstats-bukkit = { module = "org.bstats:bstats-bukkit", version.ref = "bstats" }