CloverBootloader/BootHFS/boot0md.s

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; Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
;
; @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
;
; Portions Copyright (c) 1999-2003 Apple Computer, Inc. All Rights
; Reserved. This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of
; Original Code as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public
; Source License Version 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file
; except in compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the
; License at http://www.apple.com/publicsource and read it before using
; this file.
;
; The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
; distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
; EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
; INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
; FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON- INFRINGEMENT. Please see the
; License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
; under the License.
;
; @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
;
; Boot Loader: boot0
;
; A small boot sector program written in x86 assembly whose only
; responsibility is to locate the active partition, load the
; partition booter into memory, and jump to the booter's entry point.
; It leaves the boot drive in DL and a pointer to the partition entry in SI.
;
; This boot loader must be placed in the Master Boot Record.
;
; In order to coexist with a fdisk partition table (64 bytes), and
; leave room for a two byte signature (0xAA55) in the end, boot0 is
; restricted to 446 bytes (512 - 64 - 2). If boot0 did not have to
; live in the MBR, then we would have 510 bytes to work with.
;
; boot0 is always loaded by the BIOS or another booter to 0:7C00h.
;
; This code is written for the NASM assembler.
; nasm boot0.s -o boot0
;
; This version of boot0 implements hybrid GUID/MBR partition scheme support
;
; Written by Tam<61>s Kos<6F>rszky on 2008-03-10
;
; Turbo added EFI System Partition boot support
;
; Added KillerJK's switchPass2 modifications
;
; dmazar: 10/7/2011 added scanning of all BIOS accessible drives:
; - iterates over all drives and searches for HSF bootable partition (with boot1h)
; and loads from it
; - if not found, itarates over drives again and searches for active partition and
; loads from it
;
; dmazar: 19/7/2011
; Searching for bootable partition works in 3 passes now:
;
; - Pass1:
; - for the boot drive only:
; - searches MBR partition table for an active HSF+ bootable partition and boots it
; - if not found and disk is actually GPT, then searches for the first HFS+ bootable
; partition (or EFI with boot1f32) in the GPT array and boots it
; - if still not found, then continues with Pass2
;
; - Pass2:
; - iterates over all drives and for each drive:
; - searches MBR partition table for the first HSF+ bootable partition and boots it
; - if not found and disk is actually GPT, then searches for the first HFS+ bootable
; partition (or EFI with boot1f32) in the GPT array and boots it
; - if still not found, then continues with the next drive
; - if all drives are searched and nothing found, then continues with Pass3
; - Pass3:
; - iterates over all drives and for each drive:
; - searches MBR partition table for the first active bootable partition and boots it
; - if not found and disk is actually GPT, then searches for the first HFS+ bootable
; partition (or EFI with boot1f32) in the GPT and boots it
; - if still not found, then continues with the next drive
; - if all drives are searched and nothing found, finishes with "boot0: error"
;
; Bootable partition above means a partition with the boot sector signature (0xAA55)
; at the end of the partition boot sector.
; Booting partition means loading partition boot sector and passing control to partition
; boot loader (for example boot1h).
; Drives are searched in the order defined in the BIOS. Drive which is selected as the boot drive
; is searched first.
;
; If compiled with DEBUG=1 gives debug output:
; P - starting new pass
; D - starting disk scanning: MBR and then GPT
; p - checking MBR partition entry
; t - testing MBR partition
; l - MBR or GPT partition satisfies conditions - loading partition boot sector
; G - found GPT
; + - stage 1 booter loaded, press a key to continue
; E - error
;
;
; Set to 1 to enable obscure debug messages.
;
;DEBUG EQU CONFIG_BOOT0_DEBUG
DEBUG EQU 0
NOT_USED EQU 0 ; exclude print_hex - no space for it
;
; Verbose - write boot0 messages
; No space for verbose and debug in the same time
;
;VERBOSE EQU CONFIG_BOOT0_VERBOSE
%if DEBUG
VERBOSE EQU 0
%else
VERBOSE EQU 1
%endif
;
; Various constants.
;
kBoot0Segment EQU 0x0000
kBoot0Stack EQU 0xFFF0 ; boot0 stack pointer
kBoot0LoadAddr EQU 0x7C00 ; boot0 load address
kBoot0RelocAddr EQU 0xE000 ; boot0 relocated address
kMBRBuffer EQU 0x1000 ; MBR buffer address
kLBA1Buffer EQU 0x1200 ; LBA1 - GPT Partition Table Header buffer address
kGPTABuffer EQU 0x1400 ; GUID Partition Entry Array buffer address
kPartTableOffset EQU 0x1be
kMBRPartTable EQU kMBRBuffer + kPartTableOffset
kSectorBytes EQU 512 ; sector size in bytes
kBootSignature EQU 0xAA55 ; boot sector signature
kHFSPSignature EQU 'H+' ; HFS+ volume signature
kHFSPCaseSignature EQU 'HX' ; HFS+ volume case-sensitive signature
kFAT32BootCodeOffset EQU 0x5a ; offset of boot code in FAT32 boot sector
kBoot1FAT32Magic EQU 'BO' ; Magic string to detect our boot1f32 code
kGPTSignatureLow EQU 'EFI ' ; GUID Partition Table Header Signature
kGPTSignatureHigh EQU 'PART'
kGUIDLastDwordOffs EQU 12 ; last 4 byte offset of a GUID
kPartCount EQU 4 ; number of paritions per table
kPartTypeHFS EQU 0xaf ; HFS+ Filesystem type
kPartTypePMBR EQU 0xee ; On all GUID Partition Table disks a Protective MBR (PMBR)
; in LBA 0 (that is, the first block) precedes the
; GUID Partition Table Header to maintain compatibility
; with existing tools that do not understand GPT partition structures.
; The Protective MBR has the same format as a legacy MBR
; and contains one partition entry with an OSType set to 0xEE
; reserving the entire space used on the disk by the GPT partitions,
; including all headers.
kPartActive EQU 0x80 ; active flag enabled
kPartInactive EQU 0x00 ; active flag disabled
kHFSGUID EQU 0x48465300 ; first 4 bytes of Apple HFS Partition Type GUID.
kAppleGUID EQU 0xACEC4365 ; last 4 bytes of Apple type GUIDs.
kEFISystemGUID EQU 0x3BC93EC9 ; last 4 bytes of EFI System Partition Type GUID:
; C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
%ifdef FLOPPY
kDriveNumber EQU 0x00
%else
kDriveNumber EQU 0x80
%endif
kPass1 EQU 3 ; Pass1
kPass2 EQU 2 ; Pass2
kPass3 EQU 1 ; Pass3
;
; Format of fdisk partition entry.
;
; The symbol 'part_size' is automatically defined as an `EQU'
; giving the size of the structure.
;
struc part
.bootid resb 1 ; bootable or not
.head resb 1 ; starting head, sector, cylinder
.sect resb 1 ;
.cyl resb 1 ;
.type resb 1 ; partition type
.endhead resb 1 ; ending head, sector, cylinder
.endsect resb 1 ;
.endcyl resb 1 ;
.lba resd 1 ; starting lba
.sectors resd 1 ; size in sectors
endstruc
;
; Format of GPT Partition Table Header
;
struc gpth
.Signature resb 8
.Revision resb 4
.HeaderSize resb 4
.HeaderCRC32 resb 4
.Reserved resb 4
.MyLBA resb 8
.AlternateLBA resb 8
.FirstUsableLBA resb 8
.LastUsableLBA resb 8
.DiskGUID resb 16
.PartitionEntryLBA resb 8
.NumberOfPartitionEntries resb 4
.SizeOfPartitionEntry resb 4
.PartitionEntryArrayCRC32 resb 4
endstruc
;
; Format of GUID Partition Entry Array
;
struc gpta
.PartitionTypeGUID resb 16
.UniquePartitionGUID resb 16
.StartingLBA resb 8
.EndingLBA resb 8
.Attributes resb 8
.PartitionName resb 72
endstruc
;
; Macros.
;
%macro DebugCharMacro 1
mov al, %1
call print_char
%endmacro
%macro DebugPauseMacro 0
call getc
%endmacro
%macro LogStringMacro 1
mov di, %1
call log_string
%endmacro
%if DEBUG
%define DebugChar(x) DebugCharMacro x
%define DebugPause DebugPauseMacro
%else
%define DebugChar(x)
%define DebugPause
%endif
%if VERBOSE
%define LogString(x) LogStringMacro x
%else
%define LogString(x)
%endif
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Start of text segment.
SEGMENT .text
ORG kBoot0RelocAddr
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Boot code is loaded at 0:7C00h.
;
start:
;
; Set up the stack to grow down from kBoot0Segment:kBoot0Stack.
; Interrupts should be off while the stack is being manipulated.
;
cli ; interrupts off
xor ax, ax ; zero ax
mov ss, ax ; ss <- 0
mov sp, kBoot0Stack ; sp <- top of stack
sti ; reenable interrupts
mov es, ax ; es <- 0
mov ds, ax ; ds <- 0
;
; Relocate boot0 code.
;
mov si, kBoot0LoadAddr ; si <- source
mov di, kBoot0RelocAddr ; di <- destination
cld ; auto-increment SI and/or DI registers
mov cx, kSectorBytes/2 ; copy 256 words
repnz movsw ; repeat string move (word) operation
;
; Code relocated, jump to start_reloc in relocated location.
;
jmp kBoot0Segment:start_reloc
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Start execution from the relocated location.
;
start_reloc:
;
; BH is pass counter
; Pass1 BH=3, Pass2 BH=2, Pass3 BH=1
;
mov bh, kPass1 ; BH = 3. Pass1
pass_loop:
DebugChar('P') ; starting new pass
push dx ; save dl (boot drive) for next pass
.scan_drive:
;
; Since this code may not always reside in the MBR, always start by
; loading the MBR to kMBRBuffer and LBA1 to kGPTBuffer.
;
push bx ; save BH (scan pass counter)
xor eax, eax
mov [my_lba], eax ; store LBA sector 0 for read_lba function
mov al, 2 ; load two sectors: MBR and LBA1
mov bx, kMBRBuffer ; MBR load address
call load
pop bx ; restore BH
jc .next_pass ; MBR load error - normally because we scanned all drives
DebugChar('D') ; starting disk scanning
;
; Look for the booter partition in the MBR partition table,
; which is at offset kMBRPartTable.
;
mov si, kMBRPartTable ; pointer to partition table
call find_boot ; will not return on success
; if returns - booter partition is not found
; skip scanning of all drives in Pass1
cmp bh, kPass1
je .next_pass
; try next drive
; if next drive does not exists - will break on the MBR load error above
inc dl
jmp short .scan_drive
.next_pass:
; all drives scanned - move to next pass
pop dx ; restore orig boot drive
dec bh ; decrement scan pass counter
jnz pass_loop ; if not zero - exec next pass
; we ran all passes - nothing found - error
error:
DebugChar('E')
DebugPause
LogString(boot_error_str)
hang:
hlt
jmp short hang
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Find the active (boot) partition and load the booter from the partition.
;
; Arguments:
; DL = drive number (0x80 + unit number)
; SI = pointer to fdisk partition table.
; BH = pass counter
;
; Clobber list:
; EAX, BX, EBP
;
find_boot:
;
; Check for boot block signature 0xAA55 following the 4 partition
; entries.
;
cmp WORD [si + part_size * kPartCount], kBootSignature
jne .exit ; boot signature not found.
xor bl, bl ; BL will be set to 1 later in case of
; Protective MBR has been found
.start_scan:
mov cx, kPartCount ; number of partition entries per table
.loop:
DebugChar('p') ; checking partition entry
mov eax, [si + part.lba] ; save starting LBA of current
mov [my_lba], eax ; MBR partition entry for read_lba function
cmp BYTE [si + part.type], 0 ; unused partition?
je .continue ; skip to next entry
cmp BYTE [si + part.type], kPartTypePMBR ; check for Protective MBR
jne .testPass
mov BYTE [si + part.bootid], kPartInactive ; found Protective MBR
; clear active flag to make sure this protective
; partition won't be used as a bootable partition.
mov bl, 1 ; Assume we can deal with GPT but try to scan
; later if not found any other bootable partitions.
;
; The following code between .testPass and .tryToBoot performs checking for 3 passes:
; Pass1 (BH=3) if (partition is HFS+ and active) then { DH=1; call loadBootSector}
; Pass2 (BH=2) if (partition is HFS+) then { DH=1; call loadBootSector}
; Pass3 (BH=1) if (partition is active) then { DH=0; call loadBootSector}
;
; BH is Pass counter
; DH is argument to loadBootSector
; = 0 - skip HFS+ partition signature check
; = 1 - check for HFS+ partition signature
;
; Code may be harder to read because I tried to optimized it for minimum size.
;
.testPass:
DebugChar('t') ; testing partition
xor dh, dh ; DH=0 This will be used in Pass3 (partition is active, not HFS+).
cmp bh, kPass3 ; If this is Pass3 (BH=1)
je .checkActive ; check for active flag only.
.checkHFS:
; We are in Pass1 (BH=3) or Pass2 (BH=2).
inc dh ; DH=1
cmp BYTE [si + part.type], kPartTypeHFS ; Check for a HFS+ partition.
jne .continue
cmp bh, kPass2 ; It's HFS+. That's enough checking for Pass2,
je .tryToBoot ; so try to boot (with DH=1)
; Pass1 needs active flag check also ...
.checkActive:
; We are in Pass1 or Pass3
cmp BYTE [si + part.bootid], kPartActive ; Check if partition is Active
jne .continue
;
; Found boot partition, read boot sector to memory.
;
.tryToBoot:
call loadBootSector
jne .continue
jmp SHORT initBootLoader
.continue:
add si, BYTE part_size ; advance SI to next partition entry
loop .loop ; loop through all partition entries
;
; Scanned all partitions but not found any with active flag enabled
; Anyway if we found a protective MBR before we still have a chance
; for a possible GPT Header at LBA 1
;
dec bl
jnz .exit ; didn't find Protective MBR before
call checkGPT
.exit:
ret ; Giving up.
;
; Jump to partition booter. The drive number is already in register DL.
; SI is pointing to the modified partition entry.
;
initBootLoader:
DebugChar('+')
DebugPause
LogString(done_str)
jmp kBoot0LoadAddr
;
; Found Protective MBR Partition Type: 0xEE
; Check for 'EFI PART' string at the beginning
; of LBA1 for possible GPT Table Header
;
checkGPT:
push bx
mov di, kLBA1Buffer ; address of GUID Partition Table Header
cmp DWORD [di], kGPTSignatureLow ; looking for 'EFI '
jne .exit ; not found. Giving up.
cmp DWORD [di + 4], kGPTSignatureHigh ; looking for 'PART'
jne .exit ; not found. Giving up indeed.
DebugChar('G') ; found GPT
mov si, di
;
; Loading GUID Partition Table Array
;
mov eax, [si + gpth.PartitionEntryLBA] ; starting LBA of GPT Array
mov [my_lba], eax ; save starting LBA for read_lba function
mov cx, [si + gpth.NumberOfPartitionEntries] ; number of GUID Partition Array entries
mov bx, [si + gpth.SizeOfPartitionEntry] ; size of GUID Partition Array entry
push bx ; push size of GUID Partition entry
;
; Calculating number of sectors we need to read for loading a GPT Array
;
; push dx ; preserve DX (DL = BIOS drive unit number)
; mov ax, cx ; AX * BX = number of entries * size of one entry
; mul bx ; AX = total byte size of GPT Array
; pop dx ; restore DX
; shr ax, 9 ; convert to sectors
;
; ... or:
; Current GPT Arrays uses 128 partition entries each 128 bytes long
; 128 entries * 128 bytes long GPT Array entries / 512 bytes per sector = 32 sectors
;
mov al, 32 ; maximum sector size of GPT Array (hardcoded method)
mov bx, kGPTABuffer
push bx ; push address of GPT Array
call load ; read GPT Array
pop si ; SI = address of GPT Array
pop bx ; BX = size of GUID Partition Array entry
;jc error
jc .exit ; dmazar's change to continue disk scanning if encountering invalid LBA.
;
; Walk through GUID Partition Table Array
; and load boot record from first available HFS+ partition.
;
; If it has boot signature (0xAA55) then jump to it
; otherwise skip to next partition.
;
LogString(gpt_str)
.gpt_loop:
mov eax, [si + gpta.PartitionTypeGUID + kGUIDLastDwordOffs]
cmp eax, kAppleGUID ; check current GUID Partition for Apple's GUID type
je .gpt_ok
;
; Turbo - also try EFI System Partition
;
cmp eax, kEFISystemGUID ; check current GUID Partition for EFI System Partition GUID type
jne .gpt_continue
.gpt_ok:
;
; Found HFS Partition
;
mov eax, [si + gpta.StartingLBA] ; load boot sector from StartingLBA
mov [my_lba], eax
mov dh, 1 ; Argument for loadBootSector to check HFS+ partition signature.
call loadBootSector
jne .gpt_continue ; no boot loader signature
mov si, kMBRPartTable ; fake the current GUID Partition
mov [si + part.lba], eax ; as MBR style partition for boot1h
mov BYTE [si + part.type], kPartTypeHFS ; with HFS+ filesystem type (0xAF)
jmp SHORT initBootLoader
.gpt_continue:
add si, bx ; advance SI to next partition entry
loop .gpt_loop ; loop through all partition entries
.exit:
pop bx
ret ; no more GUID partitions. Giving up.
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; loadBootSector - Load boot sector
;
; Arguments:
; DL = drive number (0x80 + unit number)
; DH = 0 skip HFS+ partition signature checking
; 1 enable HFS+ partition signature checking
; [my_lba] = starting LBA.
;
; Returns:
; ZF = 0 if boot sector hasn't kBootSignature
; 1 if boot sector has kBootSignature
;
loadBootSector:
pusha
DebugChar('l') ; loading partition boot sector
mov al, 3
mov bx, kBoot0LoadAddr
call load
;jc error
or dl, dl ; to set flag Z=0 ; dmazar's change to continue disk scanning if encountering invalid LBA.
jc .exit ; dmazar's change to continue disk scanning if encountering invalid LBA.
or dh, dh
jz .checkBootSignature
.checkHFSSignature:
;LogString(test_str) ; dmazar: removed to get space
;
; Looking for HFSPlus ('H+') or HFSPlus case-sensitive ('HX') signature.
;
mov ax, [kBoot0LoadAddr + 2 * kSectorBytes]
cmp ax, kHFSPSignature ; 'H+'
je .checkBootSignature
cmp ax, kHFSPCaseSignature ; 'HX'
je .checkBootSignature
;
; Looking for boot1f32 magic string.
;
mov ax, [kBoot0LoadAddr + kFAT32BootCodeOffset]
cmp ax, kBoot1FAT32Magic
jne .exit
.checkBootSignature:
;
; Check for boot block signature 0xAA55
;
mov di, bx
cmp WORD [di + kSectorBytes - 2], kBootSignature
.exit:
popa
ret
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; load - Load one or more sectors from a partition.
;
; Arguments:
; AL = number of 512-byte sectors to read.
; ES:BX = pointer to where the sectors should be stored.
; DL = drive number (0x80 + unit number)
; [my_lba] = starting LBA.
;
; Returns:
; CF = 0 success
; 1 error
;
load:
push cx
.ebios:
mov cx, 5 ; load retry count
.ebios_loop:
call read_lba ; use INT13/F42
jnc .exit
loop .ebios_loop
.exit:
pop cx
ret
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; read_lba - Read sectors from a partition using LBA addressing.
;
; Arguments:
; AL = number of 512-byte sectors to read (valid from 1-127).
; ES:BX = pointer to where the sectors should be stored.
; DL = drive number (0x80 + unit number)
; [my_lba] = starting LBA.
;
; Returns:
; CF = 0 success
; 1 error
;
read_lba:
pushad ; save all registers
mov bp, sp ; save current SP
;
; Create the Disk Address Packet structure for the
; INT13/F42 (Extended Read Sectors) on the stack.
;
; push DWORD 0 ; offset 12, upper 32-bit LBA
push ds ; For sake of saving memory,
push ds ; push DS register, which is 0.
mov ecx, [my_lba] ; offset 8, lower 32-bit LBA
push ecx
push es ; offset 6, memory segment
push bx ; offset 4, memory offset
xor ah, ah ; offset 3, must be 0
push ax ; offset 2, number of sectors
; It pushes 2 bytes with a smaller opcode than if WORD was used
push BYTE 16 ; offset 0-1, packet size
;
; INT13 Func 42 - Extended Read Sectors
;
; Arguments:
; AH = 0x42
; DL = drive number (80h + drive unit)
; DS:SI = pointer to Disk Address Packet
;
; Returns:
; AH = return status (sucess is 0)
; carry = 0 success
; 1 error
;
; Packet offset 2 indicates the number of sectors read
; successfully.
;
mov si, sp
mov ah, 0x42
int 0x13
jnc .exit
;
; Issue a disk reset on error.
; Should this be changed to Func 0xD to skip the diskette controller
; reset?
;
xor ax, ax ; Func 0
int 0x13 ; INT 13
stc ; set carry to indicate error
.exit:
mov sp, bp ; restore SP
popad
ret
%if VERBOSE
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Write a string with 'boot0: ' prefix to the console.
;
; Arguments:
; ES:DI pointer to a NULL terminated string.
;
; Clobber list:
; DI
;
log_string:
pusha
push di
mov si, log_title_str
call print_string
pop si
call print_string
popa
ret
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Write a string to the console.
;
; Arguments:
; DS:SI pointer to a NULL terminated string.
;
; Clobber list:
; AX, BX, SI
;
print_string:
mov bx, 1 ; BH=0, BL=1 (blue)
cld ; increment SI after each lodsb call
.loop:
lodsb ; load a byte from DS:SI into AL
cmp al, 0 ; Is it a NULL?
je .exit ; yes, all done
mov ah, 0xE ; INT10 Func 0xE
int 0x10 ; display byte in tty mode
jmp short .loop
.exit:
ret
%endif ;VERBOSE
%if DEBUG
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Write a ASCII character to the console.
;
; Arguments:
; AL = ASCII character.
;
print_char:
pusha
mov bx, 1 ; BH=0, BL=1 (blue)
mov ah, 0x0e ; bios INT 10, Function 0xE
int 0x10 ; display byte in tty mode
popa
ret
getc:
pusha
mov ah, 0
int 0x16
popa
ret
%endif ;DEBUG
%if NOT_USED
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Write the 4-byte value to the console in hex.
;
; Arguments:
; EAX = Value to be displayed in hex.
;
print_hex:
pushad
mov cx, WORD 4
bswap eax
.loop:
push ax
ror al, 4
call print_nibble ; display upper nibble
pop ax
call print_nibble ; display lower nibble
ror eax, 8
loop .loop
mov al, 10 ; carriage return
call print_char
mov al, 13
call print_char
popad
ret
print_nibble:
and al, 0x0f
add al, '0'
cmp al, '9'
jna .print_ascii
add al, 'A' - '9' - 1
.print_ascii:
call print_char
ret
%endif ; NOT_USED
%if VERBOSE
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; NULL terminated strings.
;
log_title_str db 10, 13, 'boot0:', 0
boot_error_str db 'error', 0
gpt_str db 'GPT', 0
;test_str db 'test', 0
done_str db 'done', 0
%endif
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Pad the rest of the 512 byte sized booter with zeroes. The last
; two bytes is the mandatory boot sector signature.
;
; If the booter code becomes too large, then nasm will complain
; that the 'times' argument is negative.
;
; According to EFI specification, maximum boot code size is 440 bytes
;
pad_boot:
times 440-($-$$) db 0
pad_table_and_sig:
times 510-($-$$) db 0
dw kBootSignature
ABSOLUTE 0xE400
;
; In memory variables.
;
my_lba resd 1 ; Starting LBA for read_lba function
; END