Rework some parts of the player chunk loader

Change overview:
- Rework limiting
- Remove mid tick updates
- Introduce consistency checks

The old limiting logic used an intervalled counter, but
did not account for possible slight changes in mid tick
invoke rate as it relied heavily on mid-tick logic. Due to
the removal of mid tick updates, it is now important that
the logic functions correctly no matter what rate it is invoked
at. The new logic directly tracks the last update time and
allocates an amount based proportional on the rate targetted,
which makes the logic call rate independent.

The removal of mid tick updates is done to eliminate recursive
call risk, and to additionally reduce the lock pressure on the
chunk system by grouping chunk loads onto one part of the tick
rather than spreading it out. The limiting rework should ensure
that this does not negatively affect rates, but it will decrease
the perceived smoothness of chunk generation/loading at low rates.

Introduce more consistency checks such as correct tick thread
and ticking-after-removal checks. Also, perform checks during the player
chunk loader tick to avoid updating potentially removed
players during the tick.
The checks are primarily made to try to hunt down a bug that
is causing the player chunk loader to double send a chunk
to a player.

patches/server/0003-New-player-chunk-loader-system.patch

@@ -4,6 +4,21 @@ Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 21:06:31 -0800
 Subject: [PATCH] New player chunk loader system
 
 
+diff --git a/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/executor/standard/PrioritisedThreadPool.java b/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/executor/standard/PrioritisedThreadPool.java
+index 26fa2caa18a9194e57574a4a7fa9f7a4265740e0..5aa1c61a8a82c91514d35df62db7f4bd67aa27a1 100644
+--- a/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/executor/standard/PrioritisedThreadPool.java
++++ b/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/executor/standard/PrioritisedThreadPool.java
+@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ public final class PrioritisedThreadPool {
+         return Arrays.copyOf(this.threads, this.threads.length, Thread[].class);
+     }
+ 
++    public int getThreadCount() {
++        return this.threads.length;
++    }
++
+     public PrioritisedPoolExecutor createExecutor(final String name, final int parallelism) {
+         synchronized (this.nonShutdownQueues) {
+             if (this.shutdown) {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/TimingsExport.java b/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/TimingsExport.java
 index c07eb451a576811a39021f6f97103c77488fd001..a2f71a6d1a9e98133dff6cd0f625da9435a8af14 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/TimingsExport.java
@@ -46,18 +61,20 @@ index 0e45a340ae534caf676b7f9d0adcbcee5829925e..61d03808c8d1ab822d9b2f31fab0de14
      private ChunkSystem() {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java
 new file mode 100644
-index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff541d3a85
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63c69c4da5fcbd5901c9fc3427f69626e16492ee
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java
-@@ -0,0 +1,1304 @@
+@@ -0,0 +1,1332 @@
 +package io.papermc.paper.chunk.system;
 +
++import ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.collection.SRSWLinkedQueue;
 +import ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.executor.standard.PrioritisedExecutor;
++import ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.util.ConcurrentUtil;
++import io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.io.RegionFileIOThread;
 +import io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.scheduling.ChunkHolderManager;
 +import io.papermc.paper.configuration.GlobalConfiguration;
 +import io.papermc.paper.util.CoordinateUtils;
 +import io.papermc.paper.util.IntegerUtil;
-+import io.papermc.paper.util.IntervalledCounter;
 +import io.papermc.paper.util.TickThread;
 +import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ByteOpenHashMap;
 +import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayFIFOQueue;
@@ -82,7 +99,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableObject;
 +import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftPlayer;
 +import org.bukkit.entity.Player;
-+
++import java.lang.invoke.VarHandle;
 +import java.util.ArrayDeque;
 +import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 +import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
@@ -284,16 +301,14 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +    public void tick() {
 +        TickThread.ensureTickThread("Cannot tick player chunk loader async");
 +        long currTime = System.nanoTime();
-+        for (final ServerPlayer player : this.world.players()) {
-+            player.chunkLoader.update();
-+            player.chunkLoader.midTickUpdate(currTime);
++        for (final ServerPlayer player : new java.util.ArrayList<>(this.world.players())) {
++            final PlayerChunkLoaderData loader = player.chunkLoader;
++            if (loader == null || loader.world != this.world) {
++                // not our problem anymore
++                continue;
 +            }
-+    }
-+
-+    public void tickMidTick() {
-+        final long time = System.nanoTime();
-+        for (final ServerPlayer player : this.world.players()) {
-+            player.chunkLoader.midTickUpdate(time);
++            loader.update(); // can't invoke plugin logic
++            loader.updateQueues(currTime);
 +        }
 +    }
 +
@@ -357,6 +372,8 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +            }
 +        }
 +
++        private static final long MAX_RATE = 10_000L;
++
 +        private final ServerPlayer player;
 +        private final ServerLevel world;
 +
@@ -398,15 +415,9 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +        }
 +
 +        // rate limiting
-+        private final MultiIntervalledCounter chunkSendCounter = new MultiIntervalledCounter(
-+            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(50L), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(250L), TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(1L)
-+        );
-+        private final MultiIntervalledCounter chunkLoadTicketCounter = new MultiIntervalledCounter(
-+            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(50L), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(250L), TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(1L)
-+        );
-+        private final MultiIntervalledCounter chunkGenerateTicketCounter = new MultiIntervalledCounter(
-+            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(50L), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(250L), TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(1L)
-+        );
++        private final AllocatingRateLimiter chunkSendLimiter = new AllocatingRateLimiter();
++        private final AllocatingRateLimiter chunkLoadTicketLimiter = new AllocatingRateLimiter();
++        private final AllocatingRateLimiter chunkGenerateTicketLimiter = new AllocatingRateLimiter();
 +
 +        // queues
 +        private final LongComparator CLOSEST_MANHATTAN_DIST = (final long c1, final long c2) -> {
@@ -431,6 +442,8 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +        private final LongHeapPriorityQueue loadingQueue = new LongHeapPriorityQueue(CLOSEST_MANHATTAN_DIST);
 +        private final LongHeapPriorityQueue loadQueue = new LongHeapPriorityQueue(CLOSEST_MANHATTAN_DIST);
 +
++        private volatile boolean removed;
++
 +        public PlayerChunkLoaderData(final ServerLevel world, final ServerPlayer player) {
 +            this.world = world;
 +            this.player = player;
@@ -581,68 +594,50 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +            return !this.player.isSpectator() || this.world.getGameRules().getBoolean(GameRules.RULE_SPECTATORSGENERATECHUNKS);
 +        }
 +
-+        private int getMaxChunkLoads() {
-+            final int radiusChunks = (2 * this.lastLoadDistance + 1) * (2 * this.lastLoadDistance + 1);
-+            int configLimit = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingAdvanced.playerMaxConcurrentChunkLoads;
-+            if (configLimit == 0) {
-+                // by default, only allow 1/10th of the chunks in the view distance to be concurrently active
-+                configLimit = Math.max(5, radiusChunks / 10);
-+            } else if (configLimit < 0) {
++        private double getMaxChunkLoadRate() {
++            final double configRate = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingBasic.playerMaxChunkLoadRate;
++
++            return configRate < 0.0 || configRate > (double)MAX_RATE ? (double)MAX_RATE : Math.max(1.0, configRate);
++        }
++
++        private double getMaxChunkGenRate() {
++            final double configRate = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingBasic.playerMaxChunkGenerateRate;
++
++            return configRate < 0.0 || configRate > (double)MAX_RATE ? (double)MAX_RATE : Math.max(1.0, configRate);
++        }
++
++        private double getMaxChunkSendRate() {
++            final double configRate = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingBasic.playerMaxChunkSendRate;
++
++            return configRate < 0.0 || configRate > (double)MAX_RATE ? (double)MAX_RATE : Math.max(1.0, configRate);
++        }
++
++        private long getMaxChunkLoads() {
++            final long radiusChunks = (2L * this.lastLoadDistance + 1L) * (2L * this.lastLoadDistance + 1L);
++            long configLimit = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingAdvanced.playerMaxConcurrentChunkLoads;
++            if (configLimit == 0L) {
++                // by default, only allow 1/5th of the chunks in the view distance to be concurrently active
++                configLimit = Math.max(5L, radiusChunks / 5L);
++            } else if (configLimit < 0L) {
 +                configLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 +            } // else: use the value configured
 +            configLimit = configLimit - this.loadingQueue.size();
 +
-+            int rateLimit;
-+            double configRate = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingBasic.playerMaxChunkLoadRate;
-+            if (configRate < 0.0 || configRate > (1000.0 * (double)radiusChunks)) {
-+                // getMaxCountBeforeViolation may not work with large config rates, so by checking against the load count we ensure
-+                // there are no issues with the cast to integer
-+                rateLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
-+            } else {
-+                rateLimit = (int)this.chunkLoadTicketCounter.getMaxCountBeforeViolation(configRate);
++            return configLimit;
 +        }
 +
-+            return Math.min(configLimit, rateLimit);
-+        }
-+
-+        private int getMaxChunkGenerates() {
-+            final int radiusChunks = (2 * this.lastLoadDistance + 1) * (2 * this.lastLoadDistance + 1);
-+            int configLimit = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingAdvanced.playerMaxConcurrentChunkGenerates;
-+            if (configLimit == 0) {
-+                // by default, only allow 1/10th of the chunks in the view distance to be concurrently active
-+                configLimit = Math.max(5, radiusChunks / 10);
-+            } else if (configLimit < 0) {
++        private long getMaxChunkGenerates() {
++            final long radiusChunks = (2L * this.lastLoadDistance + 1L) * (2L * this.lastLoadDistance + 1L);
++            long configLimit = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingAdvanced.playerMaxConcurrentChunkGenerates;
++            if (configLimit == 0L) {
++                // by default, only allow 1/5th of the chunks in the view distance to be concurrently active
++                configLimit = Math.max(5L, radiusChunks / 5L);
++            } else if (configLimit < 0L) {
 +                configLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 +            } // else: use the value configured
 +            configLimit = configLimit - this.generatingQueue.size();
 +
-+            int rateLimit;
-+            double configRate = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingBasic.playerMaxChunkGenerateRate;
-+            if (configRate < 0.0 || configRate > (1000.0 * (double)radiusChunks)) {
-+                // getMaxCountBeforeViolation may not work with large config rates, so by checking against the load count we ensure
-+                // there are no issues with the cast to integer
-+                rateLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
-+            } else {
-+                rateLimit = (int)this.chunkGenerateTicketCounter.getMaxCountBeforeViolation(configRate);
-+            }
-+
-+            return Math.min(configLimit, rateLimit);
-+        }
-+
-+        private int getMaxChunkSends() {
-+            final int radiusChunks = (2 * this.lastSendDistance + 1) * (2 * this.lastSendDistance + 1);
-+
-+            int rateLimit;
-+            double configRate = GlobalConfiguration.get().chunkLoadingBasic.playerMaxChunkSendRate;
-+            if (configRate < 0.0 || configRate > (1000.0 * (double)radiusChunks)) {
-+                // getMaxCountBeforeViolation may not work with large config rates, so by checking against the load count we ensure
-+                // there are no issues with the cast to integer
-+                rateLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
-+            } else {
-+                rateLimit = (int)this.chunkSendCounter.getMaxCountBeforeViolation(configRate);
-+            }
-+
-+            return rateLimit;
++            return configLimit;
 +        }
 +
 +        private boolean wantChunkSent(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
@@ -659,12 +654,19 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +            return Math.max(Math.abs(dx), Math.abs(dz)) <= this.lastTickDistance;
 +        }
 +
-+        void midTickUpdate(final long time) {
++        void updateQueues(final long time) {
 +            TickThread.ensureTickThread(this.player, "Cannot tick player chunk loader async");
++            if (this.removed) {
++                throw new IllegalStateException("Ticking removed player chunk loader");
++            }
 +            // update rate limits
-+            this.chunkSendCounter.update(time);
-+            this.chunkGenerateTicketCounter.update(time);
-+            this.chunkLoadTicketCounter.update(time);
++            final double loadRate = this.getMaxChunkLoadRate();
++            final double genRate = this.getMaxChunkGenRate();
++            final double sendRate = this.getMaxChunkSendRate();
++
++            this.chunkLoadTicketLimiter.tickAllocation(time, loadRate, loadRate);
++            this.chunkGenerateTicketLimiter.tickAllocation(time, genRate, genRate);
++            this.chunkSendLimiter.tickAllocation(time, sendRate, sendRate);
 +
 +            // try to progress chunk loads
 +            while (!this.loadingQueue.isEmpty()) {
@@ -691,11 +693,11 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +            }
 +
 +            // try to push more chunk loads
-+            int loadSlots;
-+            while ((loadSlots = Math.min(this.getMaxChunkLoads(), this.loadQueue.size())) > 0) {
-+                final LongArrayList chunks = new LongArrayList(loadSlots);
-+                int actualLoadsQueued = 0;
-+                for (int i = 0; i < loadSlots; ++i) {
++            final long maxLoads = Math.max(0L, Math.min(MAX_RATE, Math.min(this.loadQueue.size(), this.getMaxChunkLoads())));
++            final int maxLoadsThisTick = (int)this.chunkLoadTicketLimiter.takeAllocation(time, loadRate, maxLoads);
++            if (maxLoadsThisTick > 0) {
++                final LongArrayList chunks = new LongArrayList(maxLoadsThisTick);
++                for (int i = 0; i < maxLoadsThisTick; ++i) {
 +                    final long chunk = this.loadQueue.dequeueLong();
 +                    final byte prev = this.chunkTicketStage.put(chunk, CHUNK_TICKET_STAGE_LOADING);
 +                    if (prev != CHUNK_TICKET_STAGE_NONE) {
@@ -709,14 +711,6 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +                    );
 +                    chunks.add(chunk);
 +                    this.loadingQueue.enqueue(chunk);
-+
-+                    if (this.world.chunkSource.getChunkAtImmediately(CoordinateUtils.getChunkX(chunk), CoordinateUtils.getChunkZ(chunk)) == null) {
-+                        // this is a good enough approximation for counting, but NOT for actual state management
-+                        ++actualLoadsQueued;
-+                    }
-+                }
-+                if (actualLoadsQueued > 0) {
-+                    this.chunkLoadTicketCounter.addTime(time, (long)actualLoadsQueued);
 +                }
 +
 +                // here we need to flush tickets, as scheduleChunkLoad requires tickets to be propagated with addTicket = false
@@ -727,13 +721,21 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +                // Note: this CAN call plugin logic, so it is VITAL that our bookkeeping logic is completely done by the time this is invoked
 +                this.world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.processTicketUpdates();
 +
-+                for (int i = 0; i < loadSlots; ++i) {
++                if (this.removed) {
++                    // process ticket updates may invoke plugin logic, which may remove this player
++                    return;
++                }
++
++                for (int i = 0; i < maxLoadsThisTick; ++i) {
 +                    final long queuedLoadChunk = chunks.getLong(i);
 +                    final int queuedChunkX = CoordinateUtils.getChunkX(queuedLoadChunk);
 +                    final int queuedChunkZ = CoordinateUtils.getChunkZ(queuedLoadChunk);
 +                    this.world.chunkTaskScheduler.scheduleChunkLoad(
 +                        queuedChunkX, queuedChunkZ, ChunkStatus.EMPTY, false, PrioritisedExecutor.Priority.NORMAL, null
 +                    );
++                    if (this.removed) {
++                        return;
++                    }
 +                }
 +            }
 +
@@ -767,10 +769,9 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +            }
 +
 +            // try to push more chunk generations
-+            int genSlots;
-+            while ((genSlots = Math.min(this.getMaxChunkGenerates(), this.genQueue.size())) > 0) {
-+                int actualGenerationsQueued = 0;
-+                for (int i = 0; i < genSlots; ++i) {
++            final long maxGens = Math.max(0L, Math.min(MAX_RATE, Math.min(this.genQueue.size(), this.getMaxChunkGenerates())));
++            final int maxGensThisTick = (int)this.chunkGenerateTicketLimiter.takeAllocation(time, genRate, maxGens);
++            for (int i = 0; i < maxGensThisTick; ++i) {
 +                final long chunk = this.genQueue.dequeueLong();
 +                final byte prev = this.chunkTicketStage.put(chunk, CHUNK_TICKET_STAGE_GENERATING);
 +                if (prev != CHUNK_TICKET_STAGE_LOADED) {
@@ -784,15 +785,6 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +                    )
 +                );
 +                this.generatingQueue.enqueue(chunk);
-+                    final ChunkAccess existingChunk = this.world.chunkSource.getChunkAtImmediately(CoordinateUtils.getChunkX(chunk), CoordinateUtils.getChunkZ(chunk));
-+                    if (existingChunk == null || !existingChunk.getStatus().isOrAfter(ChunkStatus.FULL)) {
-+                        // this is a good enough approximation for counting, but NOT for actual state management
-+                        ++actualGenerationsQueued;
-+                    }
-+                }
-+                if (actualGenerationsQueued > 0) {
-+                    this.chunkGenerateTicketCounter.addTime(time, (long)actualGenerationsQueued);
-+                }
 +            }
 +
 +            // try to pull ticking chunks
@@ -832,23 +824,26 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +            }
 +
 +            // try to pull sending chunks
-+            final int maxSends = this.getMaxChunkSends();
-+            final int sendSlots = Math.min(maxSends, this.sendQueue.size());
-+            for (int i = 0; i < sendSlots; ++i) {
++            final long maxSends = Math.max(0L, Math.min(MAX_RATE, Integer.MAX_VALUE)); // no logic to track concurrent sends
++            final int maxSendsThisTick = Math.min((int)this.chunkSendLimiter.takeAllocation(time, sendRate, maxSends), this.sendQueue.size());
++            // we do not return sends that we took from the allocation back because we want to limit the max send rate, not target it
++            for (int i = 0; i < maxSendsThisTick; ++i) {
 +                final long pendingSend = this.sendQueue.firstLong();
 +                final int pendingSendX = CoordinateUtils.getChunkX(pendingSend);
 +                final int pendingSendZ = CoordinateUtils.getChunkZ(pendingSend);
 +                final LevelChunk chunk = this.world.chunkSource.getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThreadNoCache(pendingSendX, pendingSendZ);
-+                if (!chunk.areNeighboursLoaded(1)) {
++                if (!chunk.areNeighboursLoaded(1) || !TickThread.isTickThreadFor(this.world, pendingSendX, pendingSendZ)) {
 +                    // nothing to do
++                    // the target chunk may not be owned by this region, but this should be resolved in the future
 +                    break;
 +                }
 +                this.sendQueue.dequeueLong();
 +
 +                this.sendChunk(pendingSendX, pendingSendZ);
++                if (this.removed) {
++                    // sendChunk may invoke plugin logic
++                    return;
 +                }
-+            if (sendSlots > 0) {
-+                this.chunkSendCounter.addTime(time, sendSlots);
 +            }
 +
 +            this.flushDelayedTicketOps();
@@ -856,6 +851,10 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +        }
 +
 +        void add() {
++            TickThread.ensureTickThread(this.player, "Cannot add player asynchronously");
++            if (this.removed) {
++                throw new IllegalStateException("Adding removed player chunk loader");
++            }
 +            final ViewDistances playerDistances = this.player.getViewDistances();
 +            final ViewDistances worldDistances = this.world.getViewDistances();
 +            final int chunkX = this.player.chunkPosition().x;
@@ -897,6 +896,10 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +        }
 +
 +        void update() {
++            TickThread.ensureTickThread(this.player, "Cannot update player asynchronously");
++            if (this.removed) {
++                throw new IllegalStateException("Updating removed player chunk loader");
++            }
 +            final ViewDistances playerDistances = this.player.getViewDistances();
 +            final ViewDistances worldDistances = this.world.getViewDistances();
 +
@@ -1042,6 +1045,11 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +        }
 +
 +        void remove() {
++            TickThread.ensureTickThread(this.player, "Cannot add player asynchronously");
++            if (this.removed) {
++                throw new IllegalStateException("Removing removed player chunk loader");
++            }
++            this.removed = true;
 +            // sends the chunk unload packets
 +            this.broadcastMap.remove();
 +            // cleans up loading/generating tickets
@@ -1064,68 +1072,48 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +        }
 +    }
 +
-+    private static final class MultiIntervalledCounter {
-+
-+        private final IntervalledCounter[] counters;
-+
-+        public MultiIntervalledCounter(final long... intervals) {
-+            final IntervalledCounter[] counters = new IntervalledCounter[intervals.length];
-+            for (int i = 0; i < intervals.length; ++i) {
-+                counters[i] = new IntervalledCounter(intervals[i]);
-+            }
-+            this.counters = counters;
-+        }
-+
-+        public long getMaxCountBeforeViolation(final double rate) {
-+            long count = Long.MAX_VALUE;
-+            for (final IntervalledCounter counter : this.counters) {
-+                final long sum = counter.getSum();
-+                final long interval = counter.getInterval();
-+                // rate = sum / interval
-+                // so, sum = rate*interval
-+                final long maxSum = (long)Math.ceil(rate * (1.0E-9 * (double)interval));
-+                final long diff = maxSum - sum;
-+                if (diff < count) {
-+                    count = diff;
-+                }
-+            }
-+
-+            return Math.max(0L, count);
-+        }
-+
-+        public void update(final long time) {
-+            for (final IntervalledCounter counter : this.counters) {
-+                counter.updateCurrentTime(time);
-+            }
-+        }
-+
-+        public void updateAndAdd(final long count, final long time) {
-+            for (final IntervalledCounter counter : this.counters) {
-+                counter.updateAndAdd(count, time);
-+            }
-+        }
-+
-+        public void addTime(final long time, final long count) {
-+            for (final IntervalledCounter counter : this.counters) {
-+                counter.addTime(time, count);
-+            }
-+        }
-+
-+        public double getMaxRate() {
-+            double ret = 0.0;
-+
-+            for (final IntervalledCounter counter : this.counters) {
-+                final double counterRate = counter.getRate();
-+                if (counterRate > ret) {
-+                    ret = counterRate;
-+                }
-+            }
-+
-+            return ret;
-+        }
-+    }
-+
 +    // TODO rebase into util patch
++    private static final class AllocatingRateLimiter {
++
++        // max difference granularity in ns
++        private static final long MAX_GRANULARITY = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(1L);
++
++        private double allocation;
++        private long lastAllocationUpdate;
++        private double takeCarry;
++        private long lastTakeUpdate;
++
++        // rate in units/s, and time in ns
++        public void tickAllocation(final long time, final double rate, final double maxAllocation) {
++            final long diff = Math.min(MAX_GRANULARITY, time - this.lastAllocationUpdate);
++            this.lastAllocationUpdate = time;
++
++            this.allocation = Math.min(maxAllocation - this.takeCarry, this.allocation + rate * (diff*1.0E-9D));
++        }
++
++        // rate in units/s, and time in ns
++        public long takeAllocation(final long time, final double rate, final long maxTake) {
++            if (maxTake < 1L) {
++                return 0L;
++            }
++
++            double ret = this.takeCarry;
++            final long diff = Math.min(MAX_GRANULARITY, time - this.lastTakeUpdate);
++            this.lastTakeUpdate = time;
++
++            // note: abs(takeCarry) <= 1.0
++            final double take = Math.min(Math.min((double)maxTake - this.takeCarry, this.allocation), rate * (diff*1.0E-9));
++
++            ret += take;
++            this.allocation -= take;
++
++            final long retInteger = (long)Math.floor(ret);
++            this.takeCarry = ret - (double)retInteger;
++
++            return retInteger;
++        }
++    }
++
 +    public static abstract class SingleUserAreaMap<T> {
 +
 +        private static final int NOT_SET = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
@@ -1353,6 +1341,61 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff
 +            return true;
 +        }
 +    }
++
++    static final class CountedSRSWLinkedQueue<E> {
++
++        private final SRSWLinkedQueue<E> queue = new SRSWLinkedQueue<>();
++        private volatile long countAdded;
++        private volatile long countRemoved;
++
++        private static final VarHandle COUNT_ADDED_HANDLE = ConcurrentUtil.getVarHandle(CountedSRSWLinkedQueue.class, "countAdded", long.class);
++        private static final VarHandle COUNT_REMOVED_HANDLE = ConcurrentUtil.getVarHandle(CountedSRSWLinkedQueue.class, "countRemoved", long.class);
++
++        private long getCountAddedPlain() {
++            return (long)COUNT_ADDED_HANDLE.get(this);
++        }
++
++        private long getCountAddedAcquire() {
++            return (long)COUNT_ADDED_HANDLE.getAcquire(this);
++        }
++
++        private void setCountAddedRelease(final long to) {
++            COUNT_ADDED_HANDLE.setRelease(this, to);
++        }
++
++        private long getCountRemovedPlain() {
++            return (long)COUNT_REMOVED_HANDLE.get(this);
++        }
++
++        private long getCountRemovedAcquire() {
++            return (long)COUNT_REMOVED_HANDLE.getAcquire(this);
++        }
++
++        private void setCountRemovedRelease(final long to) {
++            COUNT_REMOVED_HANDLE.setRelease(this, to);
++        }
++
++        public void add(final E element) {
++            this.setCountAddedRelease(this.getCountAddedPlain() + 1L);
++            this.queue.addLast(element);
++        }
++
++        public E poll() {
++            final E ret = this.queue.poll();
++            if (ret != null) {
++                this.setCountRemovedRelease(this.getCountRemovedPlain() + 1L);
++            }
++
++            return ret;
++        }
++
++        public long size() {
++            final long removed = this.getCountRemovedAcquire();
++            final long added = this.getCountAddedAcquire();
++
++            return added - removed;
++        }
++    }
 +}
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkHolderManager.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkHolderManager.java
 index e5d9c6f2cbe11c2ded6d8ad111fa6a8b2086dfba..c6d20bc2f0eab737338db6b88dacb63f0decb66c 100644
@@ -1539,6 +1582,21 @@ index e5d9c6f2cbe11c2ded6d8ad111fa6a8b2086dfba..c6d20bc2f0eab737338db6b88dacb63f
              final boolean levelsUpdated = this.ticketLevelPropagator.propagateUpdates();
              if (levelsUpdated) {
                  // Unlike CB, ticket level updates cannot happen recursively. Thank god.
+diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
+index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..e944bd32df98a1dd7dde8c5ce3698b6d81862cbf 100644
+--- a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
++++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
+@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+ 
+     public static ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.executor.standard.PrioritisedThreadPool workerThreads;
+ 
++    public static int getWorkerCount() {
++        return workerThreads.getThreadCount();
++    }
++
+     private static boolean initialised = false;
+ 
+     public static void init(final GlobalConfiguration.ChunkSystem config) {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/configuration/GlobalConfiguration.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/configuration/GlobalConfiguration.java
 index 8d442c5a498ecf288a0cc0c54889c6e2fda849ce..9f5f0d8ddc8f480b48079c70e38c9c08eff403f6 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/configuration/GlobalConfiguration.java
@@ -1932,7 +1990,7 @@ index 52cba8f68d274cce106304aef1249a95474d3238..88fca8b160df6804f30ed2cf8cf1f645
  
      public int getNaturalSpawnChunkCount() {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
-index ca84eddbdb1e198b899750e5f6b3eafd25ce970f..736f37979c882e41e7571202df38eb6a2923fcb0 100644
+index ca84eddbdb1e198b899750e5f6b3eafd25ce970f..5c7b8041e96ede9e662dfdb5285539bf51304650 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
 @@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
@@ -1949,7 +2007,7 @@ index ca84eddbdb1e198b899750e5f6b3eafd25ce970f..736f37979c882e41e7571202df38eb6a
          // CraftBukkit start - process pending Chunk loadCallback() and unloadCallback() after each run task
          public boolean pollTask() {
 -            ServerChunkCache.this.chunkMap.playerChunkManager.tickMidTick();
-+            ServerChunkCache.this.chunkMap.level.playerChunkLoader.tickMidTick(); // Paper - replace player chunk loader
++            // Paper - replace player chunk loader
              if (ServerChunkCache.this.runDistanceManagerUpdates()) {
                  return true;
              }

patches/server/0005-Threaded-Regions.patch

@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@ From: Spottedleaf <Spottedleaf@users.noreply.github.com>
 Date: Sun, 2 Oct 2022 21:28:53 -0700
 Subject: [PATCH] Threaded Regions
 
-Connection thread-safety fixes
-
-- send packet
-- pending addition
+See https://docs.papermc.io/folia/reference/overview and
+https://docs.papermc.io/folia/reference/region-logic
 
 diff --git a/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/collection/MultiThreadedQueue.java b/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/collection/MultiThreadedQueue.java
 index f4415f782b32fed25da98e44b172f717c4d46e34..ba7c24b3627a1827721d2462add15fdd4adbed90 100644
@@ -1904,68 +1902,18 @@ index 61d03808c8d1ab822d9b2f31fab0de14089a3b15..370e649a255a456d7f901b22e26241e1
  
      public static ChunkHolder getUnloadingChunkHolder(final ServerLevel level, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java
-index 99dc2038aa4fb0f70dc3670e451018ff541d3a85..5b4025178c1e476ed5dd0808cc33bf1ec7c08b66 100644
+index 63c69c4da5fcbd5901c9fc3427f69626e16492ee..88c48279d04b2bc5a67de0fdbd2c266516cbcd49 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java
-@@ -232,17 +232,19 @@ public class RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader {
+@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ public class RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader {
      public void tick() {
          TickThread.ensureTickThread("Cannot tick player chunk loader async");
          long currTime = System.nanoTime();
--        for (final ServerPlayer player : this.world.players()) {
-+        for (final ServerPlayer player : this.world.getLocalPlayers()) { // Folia - region threding
-             player.chunkLoader.update();
-             player.chunkLoader.midTickUpdate(currTime);
-         }
-     }
- 
--    public void tickMidTick() {
-+    public boolean tickMidTick() { // Folia - region threading - report whether tickets were added
-         final long time = System.nanoTime();
--        for (final ServerPlayer player : this.world.players()) {
--            player.chunkLoader.midTickUpdate(time);
-+        boolean ret = false; // Folia - region threading - report whether tickets were added
-+        for (final ServerPlayer player : this.world.getLocalPlayers()) { // Folia - region threading
-+            ret |= player.chunkLoader.midTickUpdate(time);
-         }
-+        return ret; // Folia - region threading - report whether tickets were added
-     }
- 
-     private static long[] generateBFSOrder(final int radius) {
-@@ -384,13 +386,13 @@ public class RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader {
-             this.player = player;
-         }
- 
--        private void flushDelayedTicketOps() {
-+        private boolean flushDelayedTicketOps() { // Folia - region threading - report whether tickets were added
-             if (this.delayedTicketOps.isEmpty()) {
--                return;
-+                return false; // Folia - region threading - report whether tickets were added
-             }
-             this.world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.pushDelayedTicketUpdates(this.delayedTicketOps);
-             this.delayedTicketOps.clear();
--            this.world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.tryDrainTicketUpdates();
-+            return this.world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.tryDrainTicketUpdates() == Boolean.TRUE; // Folia - region threading - report whether tickets were added
-         }
- 
-         private void pushDelayedTicketOp(final ChunkHolderManager.TicketOperation<?, ?> op) {
-@@ -607,7 +609,7 @@ public class RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader {
-             return Math.max(Math.abs(dx), Math.abs(dz)) <= this.lastTickDistance;
-         }
- 
--        void midTickUpdate(final long time) {
-+        boolean midTickUpdate(final long time) { // Folia - region threading - report whether tickets were added
-             TickThread.ensureTickThread(this.player, "Cannot tick player chunk loader async");
-             // update rate limits
-             this.chunkSendCounter.update(time);
-@@ -799,7 +801,7 @@ public class RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader {
-                 this.chunkSendCounter.addTime(time, sendSlots);
-             }
- 
--            this.flushDelayedTicketOps();
-+            return this.flushDelayedTicketOps(); // Folia - region threading - report whether tickets were added
-             // we assume propagate ticket levels happens after this call
-         }
- 
+-        for (final ServerPlayer player : new java.util.ArrayList<>(this.world.players())) {
++        for (final ServerPlayer player : new java.util.ArrayList<>(this.world.getLocalPlayers())) { // Folia - region threding
+             final PlayerChunkLoaderData loader = player.chunkLoader;
+             if (loader == null || loader.world != this.world) {
+                 // not our problem anymore
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/entity/EntityLookup.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/entity/EntityLookup.java
 index 61c170555c8854b102c640b0b6a615f9f732edbf..515cc130a411f218ed20628eb918be9d770b9939 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/entity/EntityLookup.java
@@ -2999,10 +2947,10 @@ index c6d20bc2f0eab737338db6b88dacb63f0decb66c..9ac75b6c9d9698c6369978c4b004a82a
          return ret;
      }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
-index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db66116057e599 100644
+index e944bd32df98a1dd7dde8c5ce3698b6d81862cbf..c185a85e18932ac8ee96a01779e1e1a580197613 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
-@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
      public final PrioritisedThreadPool.PrioritisedPoolExecutor parallelGenExecutor;
      public final PrioritisedThreadPool.PrioritisedPoolExecutor loadExecutor;
  
@@ -3011,7 +2959,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
  
      final ReentrantLock schedulingLock = new ReentrantLock();
      public final ChunkHolderManager chunkHolderManager;
-@@ -240,14 +240,13 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -244,14 +244,13 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
          };
  
          // this may not be good enough, specifically thanks to stupid ass plugins swallowing exceptions
@@ -3028,7 +2976,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
      }
  
      public void raisePriority(final int x, final int z, final PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority) {
-@@ -267,7 +266,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -271,7 +270,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
      public void scheduleTickingState(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final ChunkHolder.FullChunkStatus toStatus,
                                       final boolean addTicket, final PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority,
                                       final Consumer<LevelChunk> onComplete) {
@@ -3037,7 +2985,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
              this.scheduleChunkTask(chunkX, chunkZ, () -> {
                  ChunkTaskScheduler.this.scheduleTickingState(chunkX, chunkZ, toStatus, addTicket, priority, onComplete);
              }, priority);
-@@ -380,9 +379,50 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -384,9 +383,50 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
          });
      }
  
@@ -3089,7 +3037,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
              this.scheduleChunkTask(chunkX, chunkZ, () -> {
                  ChunkTaskScheduler.this.scheduleChunkLoad(chunkX, chunkZ, toStatus, addTicket, priority, onComplete);
              }, priority);
-@@ -409,7 +449,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -413,7 +453,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
              this.chunkHolderManager.processTicketUpdates();
          }
  
@@ -3098,7 +3046,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
              try {
                  if (onComplete != null) {
                      onComplete.accept(chunk);
-@@ -449,7 +489,9 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -453,7 +493,9 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
                          if (!chunkHolder.upgradeGenTarget(toStatus)) {
                              this.schedule(chunkX, chunkZ, toStatus, chunkHolder, tasks);
                          }
@@ -3109,7 +3057,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
                      }
                  }
              } finally {
-@@ -463,7 +505,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -467,7 +509,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
              tasks.get(i).schedule();
          }
  
@@ -3118,7 +3066,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
              // couldn't schedule
              try {
                  loadCallback.accept(chunk);
-@@ -652,7 +694,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -656,7 +698,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
       */
      @Deprecated
      public PrioritisedExecutor.PrioritisedTask scheduleChunkTask(final Runnable run) {
@@ -3127,7 +3075,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
      }
  
      /**
-@@ -660,7 +702,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -664,7 +706,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
       */
      @Deprecated
      public PrioritisedExecutor.PrioritisedTask scheduleChunkTask(final Runnable run, final PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority) {
@@ -3136,7 +3084,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
      }
  
      public PrioritisedExecutor.PrioritisedTask createChunkTask(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final Runnable run) {
-@@ -669,28 +711,33 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -673,28 +715,33 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
  
      public PrioritisedExecutor.PrioritisedTask createChunkTask(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final Runnable run,
                                                                 final PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority) {
@@ -3182,7 +3130,7 @@ index 84cc9397237fa0c17aa1012dfb5683c90eb6d3b8..25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db6611
  
      public boolean halt(final boolean sync, final long maxWaitNS) {
          this.lightExecutor.halt();
-@@ -699,6 +746,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -703,6 +750,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
          this.loadExecutor.halt();
          final long time = System.nanoTime();
          if (sync) {
@@ -4419,10 +4367,10 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c1d55144f044f39926ddf998104950b
 +}
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/threadedregions/RegionizedTaskQueue.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/threadedregions/RegionizedTaskQueue.java
 new file mode 100644
-index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac043fbc74874c205b821c3d2d011b921d5704fa
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..18cbf9f1bcf39d607809627cb47332c27dabfe59
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/threadedregions/RegionizedTaskQueue.java
-@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+@@ -0,0 +1,745 @@
 +package io.papermc.paper.threadedregions;
 +
 +import ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.collection.MultiThreadedQueue;
@@ -4652,13 +4600,6 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac043fbc74874c205b821c3d2d011b92
 +        }
 +
 +        public void drainTasks() {
-+            // first, update chunk loader
-+            final ServerLevel world = this.worldRegionTaskData.world;
-+            if (world.playerChunkLoader.tickMidTick()) {
-+                // only process ticket updates if the player chunk loader did anything
-+                world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.processTicketUpdates();
-+            }
-+
 +            final PrioritisedQueue tickTaskQueue = this.tickTaskQueue;
 +            final PrioritisedQueue chunkTaskQueue = this.chunkQueue;
 +
@@ -4677,7 +4618,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac043fbc74874c205b821c3d2d011b92
 +
 +            if (allowedChunkTasks > 0) {
 +                // if we executed chunk tasks, we should try to process ticket updates for full status changes
-+                world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.processTicketUpdates();
++                this.worldRegionTaskData.world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.processTicketUpdates();
 +            }
 +        }
 +
@@ -8256,10 +8197,10 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee9f5e1f3387998cddbeb1dc6dc6e2b1
 +}
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/threadedregions/TickRegions.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/threadedregions/TickRegions.java
 new file mode 100644
-index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6bc546b67c701f932e69630db1a5f83efc255fa
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c76c70574642aa4f3a8fce74e4608781ce132ec
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/threadedregions/TickRegions.java
-@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
 +package io.papermc.paper.threadedregions;
 +
 +import ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.scheduler.SchedulerThreadPool;
@@ -8626,13 +8567,6 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6bc546b67c701f932e69630db1a5f83
 +        protected boolean runRegionTasks(final BooleanSupplier canContinue) {
 +            final RegionizedTaskQueue.RegionTaskQueueData queue = this.region.taskQueueData;
 +
-+            // first, update chunk loader
-+            final ServerLevel world = this.region.world;
-+            if (world.playerChunkLoader.tickMidTick()) {
-+                // only process ticket updates if the player chunk loader did anything
-+                world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.processTicketUpdates();
-+            }
-+
 +            boolean processedChunkTask = false;
 +
 +            boolean executeChunkTask = true;
@@ -8648,7 +8582,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6bc546b67c701f932e69630db1a5f83
 +
 +            if (processedChunkTask) {
 +                // if we processed any chunk tasks, try to process ticket level updates for full status changes
-+                world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.processTicketUpdates();
++                this.region.world.chunkTaskScheduler.chunkHolderManager.processTicketUpdates();
 +            }
 +            return true;
 +        }
@@ -14467,7 +14401,7 @@ index 88fca8b160df6804f30ed2cf8cf1f645085434e2..341650384498eebe3f7a3315c398bec9
      }
  
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
-index 736f37979c882e41e7571202df38eb6a2923fcb0..a493d8f2677c776951fbc20ebf1e61c91b9864ee 100644
+index 5c7b8041e96ede9e662dfdb5285539bf51304650..e664c568aba954e04878c06f3671ae74673dd342 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
 @@ -61,73 +61,42 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
@@ -14837,7 +14771,7 @@ index 736f37979c882e41e7571202df38eb6a2923fcb0..a493d8f2677c776951fbc20ebf1e61c9
 +                throw new IllegalStateException("Polling tasks from non-owned region");
 +            }
 +            // Folia end - region threading
-             ServerChunkCache.this.chunkMap.level.playerChunkLoader.tickMidTick(); // Paper - replace player chunk loader
+             // Paper - replace player chunk loader
              if (ServerChunkCache.this.runDistanceManagerUpdates()) {
                  return true;
              }

patches/server/0006-Increase-parallelism-for-neighbour-writing-chunk-sta.patch

@@ -10,29 +10,10 @@ will allow the chunk system to scale beyond 10 threads
 per world.
 
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java
-index 5b4025178c1e476ed5dd0808cc33bf1ec7c08b66..ae11120ac1829b237970ac1f9bf90005ce5af2cf 100644
+index 88c48279d04b2bc5a67de0fdbd2c266516cbcd49..d52a522fe6d5c4375862691fa32450bc458ca38b 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader.java
-@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayFIFOQueue;
- import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayList;
- import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongComparator;
- import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongHeapPriorityQueue;
-+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
- import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongOpenHashSet;
- import net.minecraft.network.protocol.Packet;
- import net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundSetChunkCacheCenterPacket;
-@@ -30,8 +31,9 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.BelowZeroRetrogen;
- import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableObject;
- import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftPlayer;
- import org.bukkit.entity.Player;
--
- import java.util.ArrayDeque;
-+import java.util.ArrayList;
-+import java.util.List;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
- 
-@@ -288,7 +290,92 @@ public class RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader {
+@@ -286,7 +286,92 @@ public class RegionizedPlayerChunkLoader {
              }
          }
  
@@ -42,8 +23,8 @@ index 5b4025178c1e476ed5dd0808cc33bf1ec7c08b66..ae11120ac1829b237970ac1f9bf90005
 +        // but, we need to maintain sorted order by manhatten distance
 +
 +        // first, build a map of manhatten distance -> chunks
-+        final List<LongArrayList> byDistance = new ArrayList<>();
-+        for (final LongIterator iterator = chunks.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
++        final java.util.List<LongArrayList> byDistance = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
++        for (final it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator iterator = chunks.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
 +            final long chunkKey = iterator.nextLong();
 +
 +            final int chunkX = CoordinateUtils.getChunkX(chunkKey);
@@ -77,14 +58,14 @@ index 5b4025178c1e476ed5dd0808cc33bf1ec7c08b66..ae11120ac1829b237970ac1f9bf90005
 +                // select the chunk from the not yet added set that has the largest minimum distance from
 +                // the current set of added chunks
 +
-+                for (final LongIterator iterator = notAdded.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
++                for (final it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator iterator = notAdded.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
 +                    final long chunkKey = iterator.nextLong();
 +                    final int chunkX = CoordinateUtils.getChunkX(chunkKey);
 +                    final int chunkZ = CoordinateUtils.getChunkZ(chunkKey);
 +
 +                    int minDist = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 +
-+                    for (final LongIterator iterator2 = added.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();) {
++                    for (final it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator iterator2 = added.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();) {
 +                        final long addedKey = iterator2.nextLong();
 +                        final int addedX = CoordinateUtils.getChunkX(addedKey);
 +                        final int addedZ = CoordinateUtils.getChunkZ(addedKey);
@@ -233,7 +214,7 @@ index 9ac75b6c9d9698c6369978c4b004a82aa2b747f4..aa6dad3a41077b187ef0702cb27ca03f
      }
  
 diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
-index 25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db66116057e599..18c543e33ac2f3c3dbfa5a8531b9e532987dbe9d 100644
+index c185a85e18932ac8ee96a01779e1e1a580197613..5ca4e9c85c957c669d54fd9e5e52f13502b592da 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/scheduling/ChunkTaskScheduler.java
 @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ package io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.scheduling;
@@ -263,7 +244,7 @@ index 25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db66116057e599..18c543e33ac2f3c3dbfa5a8531b9e532
  import java.util.function.Consumer;
  
  public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
-@@ -108,9 +106,9 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -112,9 +110,9 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
  
      public final ServerLevel world;
      public final PrioritisedThreadPool workers;
@@ -275,7 +256,7 @@ index 25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db66116057e599..18c543e33ac2f3c3dbfa5a8531b9e532
      public final PrioritisedThreadPool.PrioritisedPoolExecutor loadExecutor;
  
      // Folia - regionised ticking
-@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
          ChunkStatus.CARVERS.writeRadius = 0;
          ChunkStatus.LIQUID_CARVERS.writeRadius = 0;
          ChunkStatus.FEATURES.writeRadius = 1;
@@ -284,7 +265,7 @@ index 25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db66116057e599..18c543e33ac2f3c3dbfa5a8531b9e532
          ChunkStatus.SPAWN.writeRadius = 0;
          ChunkStatus.HEIGHTMAPS.writeRadius = 0;
          ChunkStatus.FULL.writeRadius = 0;
-@@ -196,12 +194,11 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -200,12 +198,11 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
          this.workers = workers;
  
          final String worldName = world.getWorld().getName();
@@ -301,7 +282,7 @@ index 25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db66116057e599..18c543e33ac2f3c3dbfa5a8531b9e532
          this.chunkHolderManager = new ChunkHolderManager(world, this);
      }
  
-@@ -740,8 +737,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -744,8 +741,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
      // Folia - regionised ticking
  
      public boolean halt(final boolean sync, final long maxWaitNS) {
@@ -311,7 +292,7 @@ index 25db30284e3bab9ebad1ca7320db66116057e599..18c543e33ac2f3c3dbfa5a8531b9e532
          this.parallelGenExecutor.halt();
          this.loadExecutor.halt();
          final long time = System.nanoTime();
-@@ -749,8 +745,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
+@@ -753,8 +749,7 @@ public final class ChunkTaskScheduler {
              // start at 10 * 0.5ms -> 5ms
              for (long failures = 9L;; failures = ConcurrentUtil.linearLongBackoff(failures, 500_000L, 50_000_000L)) {
                  if (