Add automated tests for commands

common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/command/CommandManager.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 package me.lucko.luckperms.common.command;
 
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
 import me.lucko.luckperms.common.command.abstraction.Command;
@@ -146,6 +147,11 @@ public class CommandManager {
         return this.tabCompletions;
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public Map<String, Command<?>> getMainCommands() {
+        return this.mainCommands;
+    }
+
     public CompletableFuture<Void> executeCommand(Sender sender, String label, List<String> args) {
         UUID uniqueId = sender.getUniqueId();
         if (this.plugin.getConfiguration().get(ConfigKeys.COMMANDS_RATE_LIMIT) && !sender.isConsole() && !this.playerRateLimit.add(uniqueId)) {

common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/commands/generic/other/HolderShowTracks.java

@@ -36,14 +36,15 @@ import me.lucko.luckperms.common.model.Group;
 import me.lucko.luckperms.common.model.HolderType;
 import me.lucko.luckperms.common.model.PermissionHolder;
 import me.lucko.luckperms.common.model.Track;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.common.node.types.Inheritance;
 import me.lucko.luckperms.common.plugin.LuckPermsPlugin;
 import me.lucko.luckperms.common.sender.Sender;
 import me.lucko.luckperms.common.util.Predicates;
-import net.kyori.adventure.text.Component;
 import net.luckperms.api.node.Node;
 import net.luckperms.api.node.types.InheritanceNode;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ public class HolderShowTracks<T extends PermissionHolder> extends ChildCommand<T
             return;
         }
 
-        List<Map.Entry<Track, Component>> lines = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Map.Entry<Track, InheritanceNode>> lines = new ArrayList<>();
 
         if (target.getType() == HolderType.USER) {
             // if the holder is a user, we want to query parent groups for tracks
@@ -85,13 +86,7 @@ public class HolderShowTracks<T extends PermissionHolder> extends ChildCommand<T
                         .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
                 for (Track track : tracks) {
-                    Component line = Component.text()
+                    lines.add(Maps.immutableEntry(track, node));
-                            .append(Message.formatContextSetBracketed(node.getContexts(), Component.empty()))
-                            .append(Component.newline())
-                            .append(Message.formatTrackPath(track.getGroups(), groupName))
-                            .build();
-
-                    lines.add(Maps.immutableEntry(track, line));
                 }
             }
         } else {
@@ -99,10 +94,11 @@ public class HolderShowTracks<T extends PermissionHolder> extends ChildCommand<T
             String groupName = ((Group) target).getName();
             List<Track> tracks = plugin.getTrackManager().getAll().values().stream()
                     .filter(t -> t.containsGroup(groupName))
+                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Track::getName))
                     .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
             for (Track track : tracks) {
-                lines.add(Maps.immutableEntry(track, Message.formatTrackPath(track.getGroups(), groupName)));
+                lines.add(Maps.immutableEntry(track, Inheritance.builder(groupName).build()));
             }
         }
 
@@ -112,8 +108,10 @@ public class HolderShowTracks<T extends PermissionHolder> extends ChildCommand<T
         }
 
         Message.LIST_TRACKS.send(sender, target);
-        for (Map.Entry<Track, Component> line : lines) {
+        for (Map.Entry<Track, InheritanceNode> line : lines) {
-            Message.LIST_TRACKS_ENTRY.send(sender, line.getKey().getName(), line.getValue());
+            Track track = line.getKey();
+            InheritanceNode node = line.getValue();
+            Message.LIST_TRACKS_ENTRY.send(sender, track.getName(), node.getContexts(), Message.formatTrackPath(track.getGroups(), node.getGroupName()));
         }
     }
 }

common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/commands/misc/ExportCommand.java

@@ -122,4 +122,8 @@ public class ExportCommand extends SingleCommand {
         });
     }
 
+    public boolean isRunning() {
+        return this.running.get();
+    }
+
 }

common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/commands/misc/ImportCommand.java

@@ -142,4 +142,8 @@ public class ImportCommand extends SingleCommand {
         });
     }
 
+    public boolean isRunning() {
+        return this.running.get();
+    }
+
 }

common/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/common/locale/Message.java

@@ -1938,13 +1938,25 @@ public interface Message {
             .append(text(':'))
     );
 
-    Args2<String, Component> LIST_TRACKS_ENTRY = (name, path) -> text()
+    Args3<String, ContextSet, Component> LIST_TRACKS_ENTRY = (name, contextSet, path) -> join(newline(),
-            // "&a{}: {}"
+            // "&3> &a{}: {}"
-            .color(GREEN)
+            // "&7  ({}&7)"
-            .append(text(name))
+            text()
-            .append(text(": "))
+                    .append(text('>', DARK_AQUA))
-            .append(path)
+                    .append(space())
-            .build();
+                    .append(text().color(GREEN)
+                            .append(text(name))
+                            .append(text(": "))
+                            .append(formatContextSetBracketed(contextSet, empty()))
+                            .build()
+                    ),
+            text()
+                    .color(GRAY)
+                    .append(text("  "))
+                    .append(OPEN_BRACKET)
+                    .append(path)
+                    .append(CLOSE_BRACKET)
+    );
 
     Args1<PermissionHolder> LIST_TRACKS_EMPTY = holder -> prefixed(translatable()
             // "&b{}&a is not on any tracks."

standalone/app/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/standalone/app/integration/SingletonPlayer.java

@@ -29,18 +29,35 @@ import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.app.LuckPermsApplication;
 import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.app.utils.AnsiUtils;
 import net.kyori.adventure.text.Component;
 
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /**
  * Dummy/singleton player class used by the standalone plugin.
  *
- * In various places (ContextManager, SenderFactory, ..) the platform "player" type is used
+ * <p>In various places (ContextManager, SenderFactory, ..) the platform "player" type is used
- * as a generic parameter. This class acts as this type for the standalone plugin.
+ * as a generic parameter. This class acts as this type for the standalone plugin.</p>
  */
 public class SingletonPlayer {
+
+    /** Empty UUID used by the singleton player. */
+    private static final UUID UUID = new UUID(0, 0);
+
+    /** A message sink that prints the component to stdout */
+    private static final Consumer<Component> PRINT_TO_STDOUT = component -> LuckPermsApplication.LOGGER.info(AnsiUtils.format(component));
+
+    /** Singleton instance */
     public static final SingletonPlayer INSTANCE = new SingletonPlayer();
 
-    private static final UUID UUID = new UUID(0, 0);
+    /** A set of message sinks that messages are delivered to */
+    private final Set<Consumer<Component>> messageSinks;
+
+    private SingletonPlayer() {
+        this.messageSinks = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
+        this.messageSinks.add(PRINT_TO_STDOUT);
+    }
 
     public String getName() {
         return "StandaloneUser";
@@ -50,8 +67,18 @@ public class SingletonPlayer {
         return UUID;
     }
 
-    public void printStdout(Component component) {
+    public void sendMessage(Component component) {
-        LuckPermsApplication.LOGGER.info(AnsiUtils.format(component));
+        for (Consumer<Component> sink : this.messageSinks) {
+            sink.accept(component);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void addMessageSink(Consumer<Component> sink) {
+        this.messageSinks.add(sink);
+    }
+
+    public void removeMessageSink(Consumer<Component> sink) {
+        this.messageSinks.remove(sink);
     }
 
 }

standalone/build.gradle

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ dependencies {
     testImplementation "org.testcontainers:junit-jupiter:1.17.6"
     testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:4.11.0'
     testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:4.11.0'
+    testImplementation 'org.awaitility:awaitility:4.2.0'
 
     testImplementation 'com.zaxxer:HikariCP:4.0.3'
     testImplementation 'redis.clients:jedis:3.5.2'

standalone/src/main/java/me/lucko/luckperms/standalone/StandaloneSenderFactory.java

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class StandaloneSenderFactory extends SenderFactory<LPStandalonePlugin, S
     @Override
     protected void sendMessage(SingletonPlayer sender, Component message) {
         Component rendered = TranslationManager.render(message, Locale.getDefault());
-        sender.printStdout(rendered);
+        sender.sendMessage(rendered);
     }
 
     @Override

standalone/src/test/java/me/lucko/luckperms/standalone/CommandsIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,857 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of LuckPerms, licensed under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) lucko (Luck) <luck@lucko.me>
+ *  Copyright (c) contributors
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ *  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ *  SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package me.lucko.luckperms.standalone;
+
+import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.app.integration.CommandExecutor;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.utils.CommandTester;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.utils.TestPluginProvider;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+public class CommandsIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGroupCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test was successfully created.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test2 was successfully created.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("deletegroup test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test2 was successfully deleted.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("listgroups")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Showing group entries:    (page 1 of 1 - 2 entries)
+                            [LP] Groups: (name, weight, tracks)
+                            [LP] -  default - 0
+                            [LP] -  test - 0
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > Group Info: test
+                            [LP] - Display Name: test
+                            [LP] - Weight: None
+                            [LP] - Contextual Data: (mode: server)
+                            [LP]     Prefix: None
+                            [LP]     Suffix: None
+                            [LP]     Meta: None
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta set hello world")
+                    .clearMessageBuffer()
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test setweight 10")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set weight to 10 for group test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test setweight 100")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set weight to 100 for group test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test setdisplayname Test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set display name to Test for group test in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test setdisplayname Dummy")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set display name to Dummy for group test in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group Dummy info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > Group Info: test
+                            [LP] - Display Name: Dummy
+                            [LP] - Weight: 100
+                            [LP] - Contextual Data: (mode: server)
+                            [LP]     Prefix: None
+                            [LP]     Suffix: None
+                            [LP]     Meta: (weight=100) (hello=world)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test clone testclone")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test (Dummy) was successfully cloned onto testclone (Dummy).")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group testclone info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > Group Info: testclone
+                            [LP] - Display Name: Dummy
+                            [LP] - Weight: 100
+                            [LP] - Contextual Data: (mode: server)
+                            [LP]     Prefix: None
+                            [LP]     Suffix: None
+                            [LP]     Meta: (weight=100) (hello=world)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test rename test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test (Dummy) was successfully renamed to test2 (Dummy).")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test2 info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > Group Info: test2
+                            [LP] - Display Name: Dummy
+                            [LP] - Weight: 100
+                            [LP] - Contextual Data: (mode: server)
+                            [LP]     Prefix: None
+                            [LP]     Suffix: None
+                            [LP]     Meta: (weight=100) (hello=world)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("listgroups")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Showing group entries:    (page 1 of 1 - 3 entries)
+                            [LP] Groups: (name, weight, tracks)
+                            [LP] -  test2 (Dummy) - 100
+                            [LP] -  testclone (Dummy) - 100
+                            [LP] -  default - 0
+                            """
+                    );
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGroupPermissionCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test")
+                    .clearMessageBuffer()
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission set test.node true")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set test.node to true for test in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission set test.node.other false server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set test.node.other to false for test in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission set test.node.other false server=test world=test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set test.node.other to false for test in context server=test, world=test2.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission settemp abc true 1h")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set abc to true for test for a duration of 1 hour in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission settemp abc true 2h replace")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set abc to true for test for a duration of 2 hours in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission unsettemp abc")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset temporary permission abc for test in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] test's Permissions:  (page 1 of 1 - 3 entries)
+                            > test.node.other (server=test) (world=test2)
+                            > test.node.other (server=test)
+                            > test.node
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission unset test.node")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset test.node for test in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission unset test.node.other")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test does not have test.node.other set in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission unset test.node.other server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset test.node.other for test in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission check test.node.other")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Permission information for test.node.other:
+                            [LP] - test has test.node.other set to false in context server=test, world=test2.
+                            [LP] - test does not inherit test.node.other.
+                            [LP]
+                            [LP] Permission check for test.node.other:
+                            [LP]     Result: undefined
+                            [LP]     Processor: None
+                            [LP]     Cause: None
+                            [LP]     Context: None
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission clear server=test world=test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test's permissions were cleared in context server=test, world=test2. (1 node was removed.)")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test permission info")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test does not have any permissions set.");
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGroupParentCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test2")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test3")
+                    .clearMessageBuffer()
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent add default")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test now inherits permissions from default in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent add test2 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test now inherits permissions from test2 in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent add test3 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test now inherits permissions from test3 in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent addtemp test2 1d server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test now inherits permissions from test2 for a duration of 1 day in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent removetemp test2 server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test no longer temporarily inherits permissions from test2 in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] test's Parents:  (page 1 of 1 - 3 entries)
+                            > test2 (server=test)
+                            > test3 (server=test)
+                            > default
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent set test2 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had their existing parent groups cleared, and now only inherits test2 in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent remove test2 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test no longer inherits permissions from test2 in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent clear")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test's parents were cleared in context global. (1 node was removed.)")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test parent info")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test does not have any parents defined.");
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGroupMetaCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test")
+                    .clearMessageBuffer()
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] test has no prefixes.
+                            [LP] test has no suffixes.
+                            [LP] test has no meta.
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta set hello world")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set meta key 'hello' to 'world' for test in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta set hello world2 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set meta key 'hello' to 'world2' for test in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta addprefix 10 \"&ehello world\"")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had prefix 'hello world' set at a priority of 10 in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta addsuffix 100 \"&ehi\"")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had suffix 'hi' set at a priority of 100 in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta addsuffix 1 \"&6no\"")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had suffix 'no' set at a priority of 1 in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta settemp abc xyz 1d server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set meta key 'abc' to 'xyz' for test for a duration of 1 day in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta addtempprefix 1000 abc 1d server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had prefix 'abc' set at a priority of 1000 for a duration of 1 day in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta addtempsuffix 1000 xyz 3d server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had suffix 'xyz' set at a priority of 1000 for a duration of 3 days in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta unsettemp abc server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset temporary meta key 'abc' for test in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta removetempprefix 1000 abc server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had temporary prefix 'abc' at priority 1000 removed in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta removetempsuffix 1000 xyz server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had temporary suffix 'xyz' at priority 1000 removed in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] test's Prefixes
+                            [LP] -> 10 - 'hello world' (inherited from self)
+                            [LP] test's Suffixes
+                            [LP] -> 100 - 'hi' (inherited from self)
+                            [LP] -> 1 - 'no' (inherited from self)
+                            [LP] test's Meta
+                            [LP] -> hello = 'world2' (inherited from self) (server=test)
+                            [LP] -> hello = 'world' (inherited from self)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > Group Info: test
+                            [LP] - Display Name: test
+                            [LP] - Weight: None
+                            [LP] - Contextual Data: (mode: server)
+                            [LP]     Prefix: "hello world"
+                            [LP]     Suffix: "hi"
+                            [LP]     Meta: (hello=world)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta unset hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset meta key 'hello' for test in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta unset hello server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset meta key 'hello' for test in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta removeprefix 10")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had all prefixes at priority 10 removed in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta removesuffix 100")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had all suffixes at priority 100 removed in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta removesuffix 1")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test had all suffixes at priority 1 removed in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("group test meta info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] test has no prefixes.
+                            [LP] test has no suffixes.
+                            [LP] test has no meta.
+                            """
+                    );
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUserCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            plugin.getStorage().savePlayerData(UUID.fromString("c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d"), "Luck").join();
+            plugin.getStorage().savePlayerData(UUID.fromString("069a79f4-44e9-4726-a5be-fca90e38aaf5"), "Notch").join();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > User Info: luck
+                            [LP] - UUID: c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d
+                            [LP]     (type: official)
+                            [LP] - Status: Offline
+                            [LP] - Parent Groups:
+                            [LP]     > default
+                            [LP] - Contextual Data: (mode: server)
+                            [LP]     Contexts: None
+                            [LP]     Prefix: None
+                            [LP]     Suffix: None
+                            [LP]     Primary Group: default
+                            [LP]     Meta: (primarygroup=default)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > User Info: luck
+                            [LP] - UUID: c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d
+                            [LP]     (type: official)
+                            [LP] - Status: Offline
+                            [LP] - Parent Groups:
+                            [LP]     > default
+                            [LP] - Contextual Data: (mode: server)
+                            [LP]     Contexts: None
+                            [LP]     Prefix: None
+                            [LP]     Suffix: None
+                            [LP]     Primary Group: default
+                            [LP]     Meta: (primarygroup=default)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup admin")
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent set admin")
+                    .clearMessageBuffer()
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck clone Notch")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck was successfully cloned onto notch.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Notch parent info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] notch's Parents:  (page 1 of 1 - 1 entries)
+                            > admin
+                            """
+                    );
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUserPermissionCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            plugin.getStorage().savePlayerData(UUID.fromString("c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d"), "Luck").join();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission set test.node true")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set test.node to true for luck in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission set test.node.other false server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set test.node.other to false for luck in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission set test.node.other false server=test world=test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set test.node.other to false for luck in context server=test, world=test2.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission settemp abc true 1h")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set abc to true for luck for a duration of 1 hour in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission settemp abc true 2h replace")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set abc to true for luck for a duration of 2 hours in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission unsettemp abc")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset temporary permission abc for luck in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck's Permissions:  (page 1 of 1 - 3 entries)
+                            > test.node.other (server=test) (world=test2)
+                            > test.node.other (server=test)
+                            > test.node
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission unset test.node")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset test.node for luck in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission unset test.node.other")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck does not have test.node.other set in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission unset test.node.other server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset test.node.other for luck in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission check test.node.other")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Permission information for test.node.other:
+                            [LP] - luck has test.node.other set to false in context server=test, world=test2.
+                            [LP] - luck does not inherit test.node.other.
+                            [LP]
+                            [LP] Permission check for test.node.other:
+                            [LP]     Result: undefined
+                            [LP]     Processor: None
+                            [LP]     Cause: None
+                            [LP]     Context: None
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission clear server=test world=test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck's permissions were cleared in context server=test, world=test2. (1 node was removed.)")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck permission info")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck does not have any permissions set.");
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUserParentCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            plugin.getStorage().savePlayerData(UUID.fromString("c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d"), "Luck").join();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test2")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup test3")
+                    .clearMessageBuffer()
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent add default")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck already inherits from default in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent add test2 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck now inherits permissions from test2 in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent add test3 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck now inherits permissions from test3 in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent addtemp test2 1d server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck now inherits permissions from test2 for a duration of 1 day in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent removetemp test2 server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck no longer temporarily inherits permissions from test2 in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck's Parents:  (page 1 of 1 - 3 entries)
+                            > test2 (server=test)
+                            > test3 (server=test)
+                            > default
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent set test2 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had their existing parent groups cleared, and now only inherits test2 in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent remove test2 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck no longer inherits permissions from test2 in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent clear")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck's parents were cleared in context global. (0 nodes were removed.)")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck's Parents:  (page 1 of 1 - 1 entries)
+                            > default
+                            """
+                    );
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUserMetaCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            plugin.getStorage().savePlayerData(UUID.fromString("c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d"), "Luck").join();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck has no prefixes.
+                            [LP] luck has no suffixes.
+                            [LP] luck has no meta.
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta set hello world")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set meta key 'hello' to 'world' for luck in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta set hello world2 server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set meta key 'hello' to 'world2' for luck in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta addprefix 10 \"&ehello world\"")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had prefix 'hello world' set at a priority of 10 in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta addsuffix 100 \"&ehi\"")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had suffix 'hi' set at a priority of 100 in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta addsuffix 1 \"&6no\"")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had suffix 'no' set at a priority of 1 in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta settemp abc xyz 1d server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Set meta key 'abc' to 'xyz' for luck for a duration of 1 day in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta addtempprefix 1000 abc 1d server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had prefix 'abc' set at a priority of 1000 for a duration of 1 day in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta addtempsuffix 1000 xyz 3d server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had suffix 'xyz' set at a priority of 1000 for a duration of 3 days in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta unsettemp abc server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset temporary meta key 'abc' for luck in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta removetempprefix 1000 abc server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had temporary prefix 'abc' at priority 1000 removed in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta removetempsuffix 1000 xyz server=hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had temporary suffix 'xyz' at priority 1000 removed in context server=hello.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck's Prefixes
+                            [LP] -> 10 - 'hello world' (inherited from self)
+                            [LP] luck's Suffixes
+                            [LP] -> 100 - 'hi' (inherited from self)
+                            [LP] -> 1 - 'no' (inherited from self)
+                            [LP] luck's Meta
+                            [LP] -> hello = 'world2' (inherited from self) (server=test)
+                            [LP] -> hello = 'world' (inherited from self)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > User Info: luck
+                            [LP] - UUID: c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d
+                            [LP]     (type: official)
+                            [LP] - Status: Offline
+                            [LP] - Parent Groups:
+                            [LP]     > default
+                            [LP] - Contextual Data: (mode: server)
+                            [LP]     Contexts: None
+                            [LP]     Prefix: "hello world"
+                            [LP]     Suffix: "hi"
+                            [LP]     Primary Group: default
+                            [LP]     Meta: (hello=world) (primarygroup=default)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta unset hello")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset meta key 'hello' for luck in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta unset hello server=test")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Unset meta key 'hello' for luck in context server=test.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta removeprefix 10")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had all prefixes at priority 10 removed in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta removesuffix 100")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had all suffixes at priority 100 removed in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta removesuffix 1")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck had all suffixes at priority 1 removed in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck meta info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck has no prefixes.
+                            [LP] luck has no suffixes.
+                            [LP] luck has no meta.
+                            """
+                    );
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTrackCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("createtrack test1")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test1 was successfully created.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("createtrack test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test2 was successfully created.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("listtracks")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Tracks: test1, test2")
+
+                    .givenCommand("deletetrack test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test2 was successfully deleted.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup aaa")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup bbb")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup ccc")
+                    .clearMessageBuffer()
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test1 append bbb")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Group bbb was appended to track test1.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test1 insert aaa 1")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Group aaa was inserted into track test1 at position 1.
+                            [LP] aaa ---> bbb
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test1 insert ccc 3")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Group ccc was inserted into track test1 at position 3.
+                            [LP] aaa ---> bbb ---> ccc
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test1 info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > Showing Track: test1
+                            [LP] - Path: aaa ---> bbb ---> ccc
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test1 clone testclone")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test1 was successfully cloned onto testclone.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("track testclone info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > Showing Track: testclone
+                            [LP] - Path: aaa ---> bbb ---> ccc
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test1 rename test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test1 was successfully renamed to test2.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("listtracks")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] Tracks: test2, testclone")
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test2 info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] > Showing Track: test2
+                            [LP] - Path: aaa ---> bbb ---> ccc
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("group aaa showtracks")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] aaa's Tracks:
+                            > test2:
+                            (aaa ---> bbb ---> ccc)
+                            > testclone:
+                            (aaa ---> bbb ---> ccc)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test2 remove bbb")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Group bbb was removed from track test2.
+                            [LP] aaa ---> ccc
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("track test2 clear")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] test2's groups track was cleared.");
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUserTrackCommands(@TempDir Path tempDir) {
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDir, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            plugin.getStorage().savePlayerData(UUID.fromString("c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d"), "Luck").join();
+
+            new CommandTester(executor)
+                    .givenCommand("createtrack staff")
+                    .givenCommand("createtrack premium")
+
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup mod")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup admin")
+
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup vip")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup vip+")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup mvp")
+                    .givenCommand("creategroup mvp+")
+
+                    .givenCommand("track staff append mod")
+                    .givenCommand("track staff append admin")
+                    .givenCommand("track premium append vip")
+                    .givenCommand("track premium append vip+")
+                    .givenCommand("track premium append mvp")
+                    .givenCommand("track premium append mvp+")
+
+                    .clearMessageBuffer()
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck promote staff")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck isn't in any groups on staff, so they were added to the first group, mod in context global.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck promote staff")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Promoting luck along track staff from mod to admin in context global.
+                            [LP] mod ---> admin
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck promote staff")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] The end of track staff was reached, unable to promote luck.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck demote staff")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Demoting luck along track staff from admin to mod in context global.
+                            [LP] mod <--- admin
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck demote staff")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] The end of track staff was reached, so luck was removed from mod.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck demote staff")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck isn't already in any groups on staff.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck promote premium server=test1")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck isn't in any groups on premium, so they were added to the first group, vip in context server=test1.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck promote premium server=test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] luck isn't in any groups on premium, so they were added to the first group, vip in context server=test2.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck promote premium server=test1")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Promoting luck along track premium from vip to vip+ in context server=test1.
+                            [LP] vip ---> vip+ ---> mvp ---> mvp+
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck promote premium server=test2")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Promoting luck along track premium from vip to vip+ in context server=test2.
+                            [LP] vip ---> vip+ ---> mvp ---> mvp+
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck's Parents:  (page 1 of 1 - 3 entries)
+                            > vip+ (server=test2)
+                            > vip+ (server=test1)
+                            > default
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck showtracks")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck's Tracks:
+                            > premium: (server=test2)
+                            (vip ---> vip+ ---> mvp ---> mvp+)
+                            > premium: (server=test1)
+                            (vip ---> vip+ ---> mvp ---> mvp+)
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck demote premium server=test1")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Demoting luck along track premium from vip+ to vip in context server=test1.
+                            [LP] vip <--- vip+ <--- mvp <--- mvp+
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck demote premium server=test2")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] Demoting luck along track premium from vip+ to vip in context server=test2.
+                            [LP] vip <--- vip+ <--- mvp <--- mvp+
+                            """
+                    )
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck demote premium server=test1")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] The end of track premium was reached, so luck was removed from vip.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck demote premium server=test2")
+                    .thenExpect("[LP] The end of track premium was reached, so luck was removed from vip.")
+
+                    .givenCommand("user Luck parent info")
+                    .thenExpect("""
+                            [LP] luck's Parents:  (page 1 of 1 - 1 entries)
+                            > default
+                            """
+                    );
+        });
+    }
+
+}

standalone/src/test/java/me/lucko/luckperms/standalone/ImportExportIntegrationTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of LuckPerms, licensed under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) lucko (Luck) <luck@lucko.me>
+ *  Copyright (c) contributors
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ *  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ *  SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package me.lucko.luckperms.standalone;
+
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.common.commands.misc.ExportCommand;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.common.commands.misc.ImportCommand;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.common.model.Group;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.common.model.Track;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.common.model.User;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.common.node.types.Inheritance;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.common.node.types.Permission;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.app.integration.CommandExecutor;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.utils.TestPluginProvider;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+import org.testcontainers.shaded.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.testcontainers.shaded.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import static org.awaitility.Awaitility.await;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+public class ImportExportIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoundTrip(@TempDir Path tempDirA, @TempDir Path tempDirB) throws IOException {
+        Path path = tempDirA.resolve("testfile.json.gz");
+
+        // run an export on environment A
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDirA, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+
+            plugin.getStorage().savePlayerData(UUID.fromString("c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d"), "Luck").join();
+
+            executor.execute("creategroup test").join();
+            executor.execute("group test permission set test.permission true").join();
+            executor.execute("createtrack test").join();
+            executor.execute("track test append default").join();
+            executor.execute("user Luck permission set hello").join();
+
+            executor.execute("export testfile").join();
+
+            ExportCommand exportCommand = (ExportCommand) plugin.getCommandManager().getMainCommands().get("export");
+            await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).until(() -> !exportCommand.isRunning());
+        });
+
+        // check the export contains the expected data
+        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new GZIPInputStream(Files.newInputStream(path))))) {
+            JsonObject obj = new Gson().fromJson(reader, JsonObject.class);
+            assertEquals(2, obj.get("groups").getAsJsonObject().size());
+            assertEquals(1, obj.get("users").getAsJsonObject().size());
+            assertEquals(1, obj.get("tracks").getAsJsonObject().size());
+        }
+
+        // copy the export file from environment A to environment B
+        Files.copy(path, tempDirB.resolve("testfile.json.gz"));
+
+        // import the file on environment B
+        TestPluginProvider.use(tempDirB, (app, bootstrap, plugin) -> {
+            CommandExecutor executor = app.getCommandExecutor();
+            assertNull(plugin.getGroupManager().getIfLoaded("test"));
+
+            executor.execute("import testfile").join();
+
+            ImportCommand importCommand = (ImportCommand) plugin.getCommandManager().getMainCommands().get("import");
+            await().atMost(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS).until(() -> !importCommand.isRunning());
+
+            // assert that the expected objects exist
+            Group testGroup = plugin.getGroupManager().getIfLoaded("test");
+            assertNotNull(testGroup);
+            assertEquals(ImmutableList.of(Permission.builder().permission("test.permission").build()), testGroup.normalData().asList());
+
+            Track testTrack = plugin.getTrackManager().getIfLoaded("test");
+            assertNotNull(testTrack);
+            assertEquals(ImmutableList.of("default"), testTrack.getGroups());
+
+            User testUser = plugin.getStorage().loadUser(UUID.fromString("c1d60c50-70b5-4722-8057-87767557e50d"), null).join();
+            assertNotNull(testUser);
+            assertEquals("luck", testUser.getUsername().orElse(null));
+            assertEquals(ImmutableSet.of(
+                    Permission.builder().permission("hello").build(),
+                    Inheritance.builder().group("default").build()
+            ), testUser.normalData().asSet());
+        });
+    }
+}

standalone/src/test/java/me/lucko/luckperms/standalone/utils/CommandTester.java

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of LuckPerms, licensed under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) lucko (Luck) <luck@lucko.me>
+ *  Copyright (c) contributors
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ *  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ *  SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.utils;
+
+import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.app.integration.CommandExecutor;
+import me.lucko.luckperms.standalone.app.integration.SingletonPlayer;
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.Component;
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.serializer.plain.PlainTextComponentSerializer;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+/**
+ * Utility for testing LuckPerms commands with BDD-like given/when/then assertions.
+ */
+public final class CommandTester implements Consumer<Component> {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(CommandTester.class);
+
+    /** The LuckPerms command executor */
+    private final CommandExecutor executor;
+
+    /** A buffer of messages received by the test tool */
+    private final List<Component> messageBuffer = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
+
+    public CommandTester(CommandExecutor executor) {
+        this.executor = executor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accept a message and add it to the buffer.
+     *
+     * @param component the message
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void accept(Component component) {
+        this.messageBuffer.add(component);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute a command using the {@link CommandExecutor} and capture output to this test instance.
+     *
+     * @param command the command to run
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public CommandTester givenCommand(String command) {
+        LOGGER.info("Executing test command: " + command);
+
+        SingletonPlayer.INSTANCE.addMessageSink(this);
+        this.executor.execute(command).join();
+        SingletonPlayer.INSTANCE.removeMessageSink(this);
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the current contents of the message buffer matches the given input string.
+     *
+     * @param expected the expected contents
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public CommandTester thenExpect(String expected) {
+        String actual = this.renderBuffer().stream()
+                .map(String::trim)
+                .collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
+
+        assertEquals(expected.trim(), actual.trim());
+
+        return this.clearMessageBuffer();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the message buffer.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public CommandTester clearMessageBuffer() {
+        this.messageBuffer.clear();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Renders the contents of the message buffer.
+     *
+     * @return rendered copy of the buffer
+     */
+    public List<String> renderBuffer() {
+        return this.messageBuffer.stream()
+                .map(component -> PlainTextComponentSerializer.plainText().serialize(component))
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints test case source code to stdout to test the given command.
+     *
+     * @param cmd the command
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public CommandTester outputTest(String cmd) {
+        System.out.printf(".executeCommand(\"%s\")%n", cmd);
+        this.givenCommand(cmd);
+
+        List<String> render = this.renderBuffer();
+        if (render.size() == 1) {
+            System.out.printf(".expect(\"%s\")%n", render.get(0));
+        } else {
+            System.out.println(".expect(\"\"\"");
+            for (String s : render) {
+                System.out.println("        " + s);
+            }
+            System.out.println("        \"\"\"");
+            System.out.println(")");
+        }
+
+        System.out.println();
+        return this.clearMessageBuffer();
+    }
+
+}