Paper/patches/server/0006-MC-Utils.patch

From 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aikar <aikar@aikar.co>
Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2016 20:55:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] MC Utils


diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/concurrent/WeakSeqLock.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/concurrent/WeakSeqLock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4029dc68cf35d63aa70c4a76c35bf65a7fc6358f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/concurrent/WeakSeqLock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+/**
+ * copied from https://github.com/Spottedleaf/ConcurrentUtil/blob/master/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/lock/WeakSeqLock.java
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class WeakSeqLock {
+    // TODO when the switch to J11 is made, nuke this class from orbit
+
+    protected final AtomicLong lock = new AtomicLong();
+
+    public WeakSeqLock() {
+        //VarHandle.storeStoreFence(); // warn: usages must be checked to ensure this behaviour isn't needed
+    }
+
+    public void acquireWrite() {
+        // must be release-type write
+        this.lock.lazySet(this.lock.get() + 1);
+    }
+
+    public boolean canRead(final long read) {
+        return (read & 1) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public boolean tryAcquireWrite() {
+        this.acquireWrite();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void releaseWrite() {
+        // must be acquire-type write
+        final long lock = this.lock.get(); // volatile here acts as store-store
+        this.lock.lazySet(lock + 1);
+    }
+
+    public void abortWrite() {
+        // must be acquire-type write
+        final long lock = this.lock.get(); // volatile here acts as store-store
+        this.lock.lazySet(lock ^ 1);
+    }
+
+    public long acquireRead() {
+        int failures = 0;
+        long curr;
+
+        for (curr = this.lock.get(); !this.canRead(curr); curr = this.lock.get()) {
+            // without j11, our only backoff is the yield() call...
+
+            if (++failures > 5_000) { /* TODO determine a threshold */
+                Thread.yield();
+            }
+            /* Better waiting is beyond the scope of this lock; if it is needed the lock is being misused */
+        }
+
+        //VarHandle.loadLoadFence(); // volatile acts as the load-load barrier
+        return curr;
+    }
+
+    public boolean tryReleaseRead(final long read) {
+        return this.lock.get() == read; // volatile acts as the load-load barrier
+    }
+
+    public long getSequentialCounter() {
+        return this.lock.get();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Int.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Int.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59868f37d14bbc0ece0836095cdad148778995e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Int.java
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.map;
+
+import com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent.WeakSeqLock;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongOpenHashSet;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectIterator;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public class QueuedChangesMapLong2Int {
+
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap updatingMap;
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap visibleMap;
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap queuedPuts;
+    protected final LongOpenHashSet queuedRemove;
+
+    protected int queuedDefaultReturnValue;
+
+    // we use a seqlock as writes are not common.
+    protected final WeakSeqLock updatingMapSeqLock = new WeakSeqLock();
+
+    public QueuedChangesMapLong2Int() {
+        this(16, 0.75f);
+    }
+
+    public QueuedChangesMapLong2Int(final int capacity, final float loadFactor) {
+        this.updatingMap = new Long2IntOpenHashMap(capacity, loadFactor);
+        this.visibleMap = new Long2IntOpenHashMap(capacity, loadFactor);
+        this.queuedPuts = new Long2IntOpenHashMap();
+        this.queuedRemove = new LongOpenHashSet();
+    }
+
+    public void queueDefaultReturnValue(final int dfl) {
+        this.queuedDefaultReturnValue = dfl;
+        this.updatingMap.defaultReturnValue(dfl);
+    }
+
+    public int queueUpdate(final long k, final int v) {
+        this.queuedRemove.remove(k);
+        this.queuedPuts.put(k, v);
+
+        return this.updatingMap.put(k, v);
+    }
+
+    public int queueRemove(final long k) {
+        this.queuedPuts.remove(k);
+        this.queuedRemove.add(k);
+
+        return this.updatingMap.remove(k);
+    }
+
+    public int getUpdating(final long k) {
+        return this.updatingMap.get(k);
+    }
+
+    public int getVisible(final long k) {
+        return this.visibleMap.get(k);
+    }
+
+    public int getVisibleAsync(final long k) {
+        long readlock;
+        int ret = 0;
+
+        do {
+            readlock = this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+            try {
+                ret = this.visibleMap.get(k);
+            } catch (final Throwable thr) {
+                if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                }
+                // ignore...
+                continue;
+            }
+
+        } while (!this.updatingMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public boolean performUpdates() {
+        this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+        this.visibleMap.defaultReturnValue(this.queuedDefaultReturnValue);
+        this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+
+        if (this.queuedPuts.isEmpty() && this.queuedRemove.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // update puts
+        final ObjectIterator<Long2IntMap.Entry> iterator0 = this.queuedPuts.long2IntEntrySet().fastIterator();
+        while (iterator0.hasNext()) {
+            final Long2IntMap.Entry entry = iterator0.next();
+            final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+            final int val = entry.getIntValue();
+
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+            try {
+                this.visibleMap.put(key, val);
+            } finally {
+                this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.queuedPuts.clear();
+
+        final LongIterator iterator1 = this.queuedRemove.iterator();
+        while (iterator1.hasNext()) {
+            final long key = iterator1.nextLong();
+
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+            try {
+                this.visibleMap.remove(key);
+            } finally {
+                this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.queuedRemove.clear();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean performUpdatesLockMap() {
+        this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+        try {
+            this.visibleMap.defaultReturnValue(this.queuedDefaultReturnValue);
+
+            if (this.queuedPuts.isEmpty() && this.queuedRemove.isEmpty()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // update puts
+            final ObjectIterator<Long2IntMap.Entry> iterator0 = this.queuedPuts.long2IntEntrySet().fastIterator();
+            while (iterator0.hasNext()) {
+                final Long2IntMap.Entry entry = iterator0.next();
+                final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+                final int val = entry.getIntValue();
+
+                this.visibleMap.put(key, val);
+            }
+
+            this.queuedPuts.clear();
+
+            final LongIterator iterator1 = this.queuedRemove.iterator();
+            while (iterator1.hasNext()) {
+                final long key = iterator1.nextLong();
+
+                this.visibleMap.remove(key);
+            }
+
+            this.queuedRemove.clear();
+
+            return true;
+        } finally {
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Object.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Object.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7bab31a312463cc963d9621cdc543a281459bd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Object.java
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.map;
+
+import com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent.WeakSeqLock;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectBidirectionalIterator;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public class QueuedChangesMapLong2Object<V> {
+
+    protected static final Object REMOVED = new Object();
+
+    protected final Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<V> updatingMap;
+    protected final Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<V> visibleMap;
+    protected final Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<Object> queuedChanges;
+
+    // we use a seqlock as writes are not common.
+    protected final WeakSeqLock updatingMapSeqLock = new WeakSeqLock();
+
+    public QueuedChangesMapLong2Object() {
+        this(16, 0.75f); // dfl for fastutil
+    }
+
+    public QueuedChangesMapLong2Object(final int capacity, final float loadFactor) {
+        this.updatingMap = new Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<>(capacity, loadFactor);
+        this.visibleMap = new Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<>(capacity, loadFactor);
+        this.queuedChanges = new Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<>();
+    }
+
+    public V queueUpdate(final long k, final V value) {
+        this.queuedChanges.put(k, value);
+        return this.updatingMap.put(k, value);
+    }
+
+    public V queueRemove(final long k) {
+        this.queuedChanges.put(k, REMOVED);
+        return this.updatingMap.remove(k);
+    }
+
+    public V getUpdating(final long k) {
+        return this.updatingMap.get(k);
+    }
+
+    public boolean updatingContainsKey(final long k) {
+        return this.updatingMap.containsKey(k);
+    }
+
+    public V getVisible(final long k) {
+        return this.visibleMap.get(k);
+    }
+
+    public boolean visibleContainsKey(final long k) {
+        return this.visibleMap.containsKey(k);
+    }
+
+    public V getVisibleAsync(final long k) {
+        long readlock;
+        V ret = null;
+
+        do {
+            readlock = this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+
+            try {
+                ret = this.visibleMap.get(k);
+            } catch (final Throwable thr) {
+                if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                }
+                // ignore...
+                continue;
+            }
+
+        } while (!this.updatingMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public boolean visibleContainsKeyAsync(final long k) {
+        long readlock;
+        boolean ret = false;
+
+        do {
+            readlock = this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+
+            try {
+                ret = this.visibleMap.containsKey(k);
+            } catch (final Throwable thr) {
+                if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                }
+                // ignore...
+                continue;
+            }
+
+        } while (!this.updatingMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<V> getVisibleMap() {
+        return this.visibleMap;
+    }
+
+    public Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<V> getUpdatingMap() {
+        return this.updatingMap;
+    }
+
+    public int getVisibleSize() {
+        return this.visibleMap.size();
+    }
+
+    public int getVisibleSizeAsync() {
+        long readlock;
+        int ret;
+
+        do {
+            readlock = this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+            ret = this.visibleMap.size();
+        } while (!this.updatingMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // unlike mojang's impl this cannot be used async since it's not a view of an immutable map
+    public Collection<V> getUpdatingValues() {
+        return this.updatingMap.values();
+    }
+
+    public List<V> getUpdatingValuesCopy() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(this.updatingMap.values());
+    }
+
+    // unlike mojang's impl this cannot be used async since it's not a view of an immutable map
+    public Collection<V> getVisibleValues() {
+        return this.visibleMap.values();
+    }
+
+    public List<V> getVisibleValuesCopy() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(this.visibleMap.values());
+    }
+
+    public boolean performUpdates() {
+        if (this.queuedChanges.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final ObjectBidirectionalIterator<Long2ObjectMap.Entry<Object>> iterator = this.queuedChanges.long2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator();
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            final Long2ObjectMap.Entry<Object> entry = iterator.next();
+            final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+            final Object val = entry.getValue();
+
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+            try {
+                if (val == REMOVED) {
+                    this.visibleMap.remove(key);
+                } else {
+                    this.visibleMap.put(key, (V)val);
+                }
+            } finally {
+                this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.queuedChanges.clear();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean performUpdatesLockMap() {
+        if (this.queuedChanges.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final ObjectBidirectionalIterator<Long2ObjectMap.Entry<Object>> iterator = this.queuedChanges.long2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator();
+
+        try {
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+
+            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                final Long2ObjectMap.Entry<Object> entry = iterator.next();
+                final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+                final Object val = entry.getValue();
+
+                if (val == REMOVED) {
+                    this.visibleMap.remove(key);
+                } else {
+                    this.visibleMap.put(key, (V)val);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+        }
+
+        this.queuedChanges.clear();
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ChunkList.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ChunkList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..554f4d4e63c1431721989e6f502a32ccc53a8807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ChunkList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.LevelChunk;
+
+// list with O(1) remove & contains
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class ChunkList implements Iterable<LevelChunk> {
+
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap chunkToIndex = new Long2IntOpenHashMap(2, 0.8f);
+    {
+        this.chunkToIndex.defaultReturnValue(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    protected static final LevelChunk[] EMPTY_LIST = new LevelChunk[0];
+
+    protected LevelChunk[] chunks = EMPTY_LIST;
+    protected int count;
+
+    public int size() {
+        return this.count;
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final LevelChunk chunk) {
+        return this.chunkToIndex.containsKey(chunk.coordinateKey);
+    }
+
+    public boolean remove(final LevelChunk chunk) {
+        final int index = this.chunkToIndex.remove(chunk.coordinateKey);
+        if (index == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // move the entity at the end to this index
+        final int endIndex = --this.count;
+        final LevelChunk end = this.chunks[endIndex];
+        if (index != endIndex) {
+            // not empty after this call
+            this.chunkToIndex.put(end.coordinateKey, index); // update index
+        }
+        this.chunks[index] = end;
+        this.chunks[endIndex] = null;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final LevelChunk chunk) {
+        final int count = this.count;
+        final int currIndex = this.chunkToIndex.putIfAbsent(chunk.coordinateKey, count);
+
+        if (currIndex != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false; // already in this list
+        }
+
+        LevelChunk[] list = this.chunks;
+
+        if (list.length == count) {
+            // resize required
+            list = this.chunks = Arrays.copyOf(list, (int)Math.max(4L, count * 2L)); // overflow results in negative
+        }
+
+        list[count] = chunk;
+        this.count = count + 1;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public LevelChunk getChecked(final int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= this.count) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index + " is out of bounds, size: " + this.count);
+        }
+        return this.chunks[index];
+    }
+
+    public LevelChunk getUnchecked(final int index) {
+        return this.chunks[index];
+    }
+
+    public LevelChunk[] getRawData() {
+        return this.chunks;
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.chunkToIndex.clear();
+        Arrays.fill(this.chunks, 0, this.count, null);
+        this.count = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<LevelChunk> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<LevelChunk>() {
+
+            LevelChunk lastRet;
+            int current;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return this.current < ChunkList.this.count;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public LevelChunk next() {
+                if (this.current >= ChunkList.this.count) {
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                }
+                return this.lastRet = ChunkList.this.chunks[this.current++];
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void remove() {
+                final LevelChunk lastRet = this.lastRet;
+
+                if (lastRet == null) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException();
+                }
+                this.lastRet = null;
+
+                ChunkList.this.remove(lastRet);
+                --this.current;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/EntityList.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/EntityList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0133ea6feb1ab88f021f66855669f58367e7420b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/EntityList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+// list with O(1) remove & contains
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class EntityList implements Iterable<Entity> {
+
+    protected final Int2IntOpenHashMap entityToIndex = new Int2IntOpenHashMap(2, 0.8f);
+    {
+        this.entityToIndex.defaultReturnValue(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    protected static final Entity[] EMPTY_LIST = new Entity[0];
+
+    protected Entity[] entities = EMPTY_LIST;
+    protected int count;
+
+    public int size() {
+        return this.count;
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final Entity entity) {
+        return this.entityToIndex.containsKey(entity.getId());
+    }
+
+    public boolean remove(final Entity entity) {
+        final int index = this.entityToIndex.remove(entity.getId());
+        if (index == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // move the entity at the end to this index
+        final int endIndex = --this.count;
+        final Entity end = this.entities[endIndex];
+        if (index != endIndex) {
+            // not empty after this call
+            this.entityToIndex.put(end.getId(), index); // update index
+        }
+        this.entities[index] = end;
+        this.entities[endIndex] = null;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final Entity entity) {
+        final int count = this.count;
+        final int currIndex = this.entityToIndex.putIfAbsent(entity.getId(), count);
+
+        if (currIndex != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false; // already in this list
+        }
+
+        Entity[] list = this.entities;
+
+        if (list.length == count) {
+            // resize required
+            list = this.entities = Arrays.copyOf(list, (int)Math.max(4L, count * 2L)); // overflow results in negative
+        }
+
+        list[count] = entity;
+        this.count = count + 1;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public Entity getChecked(final int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= this.count) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index + " is out of bounds, size: " + this.count);
+        }
+        return this.entities[index];
+    }
+
+    public Entity getUnchecked(final int index) {
+        return this.entities[index];
+    }
+
+    public Entity[] getRawData() {
+        return this.entities;
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.entityToIndex.clear();
+        Arrays.fill(this.entities, 0, this.count, null);
+        this.count = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Entity> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<Entity>() {
+
+            Entity lastRet;
+            int current;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return this.current < EntityList.this.count;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Entity next() {
+                if (this.current >= EntityList.this.count) {
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                }
+                return this.lastRet = EntityList.this.entities[this.current++];
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void remove() {
+                final Entity lastRet = this.lastRet;
+
+                if (lastRet == null) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException();
+                }
+                this.lastRet = null;
+
+                EntityList.this.remove(lastRet);
+                --this.current;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/IBlockDataList.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/IBlockDataList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..277cfd9d1e8fff5d9b5e534b75c3c5162d58b0b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/IBlockDataList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.shorts.Short2LongOpenHashMap;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Block;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.GlobalPalette;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class IBlockDataList {
+
+    static final GlobalPalette<BlockState> GLOBAL_PALETTE = new GlobalPalette<>(Block.BLOCK_STATE_REGISTRY);
+
+    // map of location -> (index | (location << 16) | (palette id << 32))
+    private final Short2LongOpenHashMap map = new Short2LongOpenHashMap(2, 0.8f);
+    {
+        this.map.defaultReturnValue(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    private static final long[] EMPTY_LIST = new long[0];
+
+    private long[] byIndex = EMPTY_LIST;
+    private int size;
+
+    public static int getLocationKey(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return (x & 15) | (((z & 15) << 4)) | ((y & 255) << (4 + 4));
+    }
+
+    public static BlockState getBlockDataFromRaw(final long raw) {
+        return GLOBAL_PALETTE.valueFor((int)(raw >>> 32));
+    }
+
+    public static int getIndexFromRaw(final long raw) {
+        return (int)(raw & 0xFFFF);
+    }
+
+    public static int getLocationFromRaw(final long raw) {
+        return (int)((raw >>> 16) & 0xFFFF);
+    }
+
+    public static long getRawFromValues(final int index, final int location, final BlockState data) {
+        return (long)index | ((long)location << 16) | (((long)GLOBAL_PALETTE.idFor(data)) << 32);
+    }
+
+    public static long setIndexRawValues(final long value, final int index) {
+        return value & ~(0xFFFF) | (index);
+    }
+
+    public long add(final int x, final int y, final int z, final BlockState data) {
+        return this.add(getLocationKey(x, y, z), data);
+    }
+
+    public long add(final int location, final BlockState data) {
+        final long curr = this.map.get((short)location);
+
+        if (curr == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+            final int index = this.size++;
+            final long raw = getRawFromValues(index, location, data);
+            this.map.put((short)location, raw);
+
+            if (index >= this.byIndex.length) {
+                this.byIndex = Arrays.copyOf(this.byIndex, (int)Math.max(4L, this.byIndex.length * 2L));
+            }
+
+            this.byIndex[index] = raw;
+            return raw;
+        } else {
+            final int index = getIndexFromRaw(curr);
+            final long raw = this.byIndex[index] = getRawFromValues(index, location, data);
+
+            this.map.put((short)location, raw);
+
+            return raw;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public long remove(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return this.remove(getLocationKey(x, y, z));
+    }
+
+    public long remove(final int location) {
+        final long ret = this.map.remove((short)location);
+        final int index = getIndexFromRaw(ret);
+        if (ret == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        // move the entry at the end to this index
+        final int endIndex = --this.size;
+        final long end = this.byIndex[endIndex];
+        if (index != endIndex) {
+            // not empty after this call
+            this.map.put((short)getLocationFromRaw(end), setIndexRawValues(end, index));
+        }
+        this.byIndex[index] = end;
+        this.byIndex[endIndex] = 0L;
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        return this.size;
+    }
+
+    public long getRaw(final int index) {
+        return this.byIndex[index];
+    }
+
+    public int getLocation(final int index) {
+        return getLocationFromRaw(this.getRaw(index));
+    }
+
+    public BlockState getData(final int index) {
+        return getBlockDataFromRaw(this.getRaw(index));
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.size = 0;
+        this.map.clear();
+    }
+
+    public LongIterator getRawIterator() {
+        return this.map.values().iterator();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/AreaMap.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/AreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c89f6986eda5a132a948732ea1b6923370685317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/AreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.IntegerUtil;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2LongOpenHashMap;
+import net.minecraft.server.MCUtil;
+import net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+/** @author Spottedleaf */
+public abstract class AreaMap<E> {
+
+    /* Tested via https://gist.github.com/Spottedleaf/520419c6f41ef348fe9926ce674b7217 */
+
+    protected final Object2LongOpenHashMap<E> objectToLastCoordinate = new Object2LongOpenHashMap<>();
+    protected final Object2IntOpenHashMap<E> objectToViewDistance = new Object2IntOpenHashMap<>();
+
+    {
+        this.objectToViewDistance.defaultReturnValue(-1);
+        this.objectToLastCoordinate.defaultReturnValue(Long.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    // we use linked for better iteration.
+    // map of: coordinate to set of objects in coordinate
+    protected final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> areaMap = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>(1024, 0.7f);
+    protected final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets;
+
+    protected final ChangeCallback<E> addCallback;
+    protected final ChangeCallback<E> removeCallback;
+    protected final ChangeSourceCallback<E> changeSourceCallback;
+
+    public AreaMap() {
+        this(new PooledLinkedHashSets<>());
+    }
+
+    // let users define a "global" or "shared" pooled sets if they wish
+    public AreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets) {
+        this(pooledHashSets, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public AreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<E> addCallback, final ChangeCallback<E> removeCallback) {
+        this(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback, null);
+    }
+    public AreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<E> addCallback, final ChangeCallback<E> removeCallback, final ChangeSourceCallback<E> changeSourceCallback) {
+        this.pooledHashSets = pooledHashSets;
+        this.addCallback = addCallback;
+        this.removeCallback = removeCallback;
+        this.changeSourceCallback = changeSourceCallback;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getObjectsInRange(final long key) {
+        return this.areaMap.get(key);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getObjectsInRange(final ChunkPos chunkPos) {
+        return this.areaMap.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkPos));
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getObjectsInRange(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        return this.areaMap.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+    }
+
+    // Long.MIN_VALUE indicates the object is not mapped
+    public final long getLastCoordinate(final E object) {
+        return this.objectToLastCoordinate.getOrDefault(object, Long.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    // -1 indicates the object is not mapped
+    public final int getLastViewDistance(final E object) {
+        return this.objectToViewDistance.getOrDefault(object, -1);
+    }
+
+    // returns the total number of mapped chunks
+    public final int size() {
+        return this.areaMap.size();
+    }
+
+    public final void addOrUpdate(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int oldViewDistance = this.objectToViewDistance.put(object, viewDistance);
+        final long newPos = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        final long oldPos = this.objectToLastCoordinate.put(object, newPos);
+
+        if (oldViewDistance == -1) {
+            this.addObject(object, chunkX, chunkZ, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE, viewDistance);
+            this.addObjectCallback(object, chunkX, chunkZ, viewDistance);
+        } else {
+            this.updateObject(object, oldPos, newPos, oldViewDistance, viewDistance);
+            this.updateObjectCallback(object, oldPos, newPos, oldViewDistance, viewDistance);
+        }
+        //this.validate(object, viewDistance);
+    }
+
+    public final boolean update(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int oldViewDistance = this.objectToViewDistance.replace(object, viewDistance);
+        if (oldViewDistance == -1) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            final long newPos = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+            final long oldPos = this.objectToLastCoordinate.put(object, newPos);
+            this.updateObject(object, oldPos, newPos, oldViewDistance, viewDistance);
+            this.updateObjectCallback(object, oldPos, newPos, oldViewDistance, viewDistance);
+        }
+        //this.validate(object, viewDistance);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // called after the distance map updates
+    protected void updateObjectCallback(final E Object, final long oldPosition, final long newPosition, final int oldViewDistance, final int newViewDistance) {
+        if (newPosition != oldPosition && this.changeSourceCallback != null) {
+            this.changeSourceCallback.accept(Object, oldPosition, newPosition);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final boolean add(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int oldViewDistance = this.objectToViewDistance.putIfAbsent(object, viewDistance);
+        if (oldViewDistance != -1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final long newPos = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        this.objectToLastCoordinate.put(object, newPos);
+        this.addObject(object, chunkX, chunkZ, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE, viewDistance);
+        this.addObjectCallback(object, chunkX, chunkZ, viewDistance);
+
+        //this.validate(object, viewDistance);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // called after the distance map updates
+    protected void addObjectCallback(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {}
+
+    public final boolean remove(final E object) {
+        final long position = this.objectToLastCoordinate.removeLong(object);
+        final int viewDistance = this.objectToViewDistance.removeInt(object);
+
+        if (viewDistance == -1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final int currentX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(position);
+        final int currentZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(position);
+
+        this.removeObject(object, currentX, currentZ, currentX, currentZ, viewDistance);
+        this.removeObjectCallback(object, currentX, currentZ, viewDistance);
+        //this.validate(object, -1);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // called after the distance map updates
+    protected void removeObjectCallback(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {}
+
+    protected abstract PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getEmptySetFor(final E object);
+
+    // expensive op, only for debug
+    protected void validate(final E object, final int viewDistance) {
+        int entiesGot = 0;
+        int expectedEntries = (2 * viewDistance + 1);
+        expectedEntries *= expectedEntries;
+        if (viewDistance < 0) {
+            expectedEntries = 0;
+        }
+
+        final long currPosition = this.objectToLastCoordinate.getLong(object);
+
+        final int centerX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(currPosition);
+        final int centerZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(currPosition);
+
+        for (Iterator<Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap.Entry<PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>>> iterator = this.areaMap.long2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator();
+             iterator.hasNext();) {
+
+            final Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap.Entry<PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> entry = iterator.next();
+            final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+            final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> map = entry.getValue();
+
+            if (map.referenceCount == 0) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid map");
+            }
+
+            if (map.contains(object)) {
+                ++entiesGot;
+
+                final int chunkX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(key);
+                final int chunkZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(key);
+
+                final int dist = Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(chunkX - centerX), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(chunkZ - centerZ));
+
+                if (dist > viewDistance) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Expected view distance " + viewDistance + ", got " + dist);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (entiesGot != expectedEntries) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Expected " + expectedEntries + ", got " + entiesGot);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addObjectTo(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int currChunkX,
+                             final int currChunkZ, final int prevChunkX, final int prevChunkZ) {
+        final long key = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+        PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> empty = this.getEmptySetFor(object);
+        PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current = this.areaMap.putIfAbsent(key, empty);
+
+        if (current != null) {
+            PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> next = this.pooledHashSets.findMapWith(current, object);
+            if (next == current) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Expected different map: got " + next.toString());
+            }
+            this.areaMap.put(key, next);
+
+            current = next;
+            // fall through to callback
+        } else {
+            current = empty;
+        }
+
+        if (this.addCallback != null) {
+            try {
+                this.addCallback.accept(object, chunkX, chunkZ, currChunkX, currChunkZ, prevChunkX, prevChunkZ, current);
+            } catch (final Throwable ex) {
+                if (ex instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)ex;
+                }
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error("Add callback for map threw exception ", ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeObjectFrom(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int currChunkX,
+                                  final int currChunkZ, final int prevChunkX, final int prevChunkZ) {
+        final long key = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+        PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current = this.areaMap.get(key);
+
+        if (current == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Current map may not be null for " + object + ", (" + chunkX + "," + chunkZ + ")");
+        }
+
+        PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> next = this.pooledHashSets.findMapWithout(current, object);
+
+        if (next == current) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Current map [" + next.toString() + "] should have contained " + object + ", (" + chunkX + "," + chunkZ + ")");
+        }
+
+        if (next != null) {
+            this.areaMap.put(key, next);
+        } else {
+            this.areaMap.remove(key);
+        }
+
+        if (this.removeCallback != null) {
+            try {
+                this.removeCallback.accept(object, chunkX, chunkZ, currChunkX, currChunkZ, prevChunkX, prevChunkZ, next);
+            } catch (final Throwable ex) {
+                if (ex instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)ex;
+                }
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error("Remove callback for map threw exception ", ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addObject(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int prevChunkX, final int prevChunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + viewDistance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + viewDistance;
+        final int minX = chunkX - viewDistance;
+        final int minZ = chunkZ - viewDistance;
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                this.addObjectTo(object, x, z, chunkX, chunkZ, prevChunkX, prevChunkZ);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeObject(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int currentChunkX, final int currentChunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + viewDistance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + viewDistance;
+        final int minX = chunkX - viewDistance;
+        final int minZ = chunkZ - viewDistance;
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                this.removeObjectFrom(object, x, z, currentChunkX, currentChunkZ, chunkX, chunkZ);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* math sign function except 0 returns 1 */
+    protected static int sign(int val) {
+        return 1 | (val >> (Integer.SIZE - 1));
+    }
+
+    private void updateObject(final E object, final long oldPosition, final long newPosition, final int oldViewDistance, final int newViewDistance) {
+        final int toX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(newPosition);
+        final int toZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(newPosition);
+        final int fromX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(oldPosition);
+        final int fromZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(oldPosition);
+
+        final int dx = toX - fromX;
+        final int dz = toZ - fromZ;
+
+        final int totalX = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromX - toX);
+        final int totalZ = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromZ - toZ);
+
+        if (Math.max(totalX, totalZ) > (2 * Math.max(newViewDistance, oldViewDistance))) {
+            // teleported?
+            this.removeObject(object, fromX, fromZ, fromX, fromZ, oldViewDistance);
+            this.addObject(object, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ, newViewDistance);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (oldViewDistance != newViewDistance) {
+            // remove loop
+
+            final int oldMinX = fromX - oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMinZ = fromZ - oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMaxX = fromX + oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMaxZ = fromZ + oldViewDistance;
+            for (int currX = oldMinX; currX <= oldMaxX; ++currX) {
+                for (int currZ = oldMinZ; currZ <= oldMaxZ; ++currZ) {
+
+                    // only remove if we're outside the new view distance...
+                    if (Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currX - toX), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currZ - toZ)) > newViewDistance) {
+                        this.removeObjectFrom(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // add loop
+
+            final int newMinX = toX - newViewDistance;
+            final int newMinZ = toZ - newViewDistance;
+            final int newMaxX = toX + newViewDistance;
+            final int newMaxZ = toZ + newViewDistance;
+            for (int currX = newMinX; currX <= newMaxX; ++currX) {
+                for (int currZ = newMinZ; currZ <= newMaxZ; ++currZ) {
+
+                    // only add if we're outside the old view distance...
+                    if (Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currX - fromX), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currZ - fromZ)) > oldViewDistance) {
+                        this.addObjectTo(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // x axis is width
+        // z axis is height
+        // right refers to the x axis of where we moved
+        // top refers to the z axis of where we moved
+
+        // same view distance
+
+        // used for relative positioning
+        final int up = sign(dz); // 1 if dz >= 0, -1 otherwise
+        final int right = sign(dx); // 1 if dx >= 0, -1 otherwise
+
+        // The area excluded by overlapping the two view distance squares creates four rectangles:
+        // Two on the left, and two on the right. The ones on the left we consider the "removed" section
+        // and on the right the "added" section.
+        // https://i.imgur.com/MrnOBgI.png is a reference image. Note that the outside border is not actually
+        // exclusive to the regions they surround.
+
+        // 4 points of the rectangle
+        int maxX; // exclusive
+        int minX; // inclusive
+        int maxZ; // exclusive
+        int minZ; // inclusive
+
+        if (dx != 0) {
+            // handle right addition
+
+            maxX = toX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = fromX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // inclusive
+            maxZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.addObjectTo(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dz != 0) {
+            // handle up addition
+
+            maxX = toX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = toX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = toZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.addObjectTo(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dx != 0) {
+            // handle left removal
+
+            maxX = toX - (oldViewDistance * right); // exclusive
+            minX = fromX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.removeObjectFrom(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dz != 0) {
+            // handle down removal
+
+            maxX = fromX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = fromX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // exclusive
+            minZ = fromZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.removeObjectFrom(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface ChangeCallback<E> {
+
+        // if there is no previous position, then prevPos = Integer.MIN_VALUE
+        void accept(final E object, final int rangeX, final int rangeZ, final int currPosX, final int currPosZ, final int prevPosX, final int prevPosZ,
+                    final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> newState);
+
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface ChangeSourceCallback<E> {
+        void accept(final E object, final long prevPos, final long newPos);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/DistanceTrackingAreaMap.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/DistanceTrackingAreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eacec5074ab1237986635c6cb19a4d34a89d4d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/DistanceTrackingAreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.IntegerUtil;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
+import net.minecraft.server.MCUtil;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+
+/** @author Spottedleaf */
+public abstract class DistanceTrackingAreaMap<E> extends AreaMap<E> {
+
+    // use this map only if you need distance tracking, the tracking here is obviously going to hit harder.
+
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap chunkToNearestDistance = new Long2IntOpenHashMap(1024, 0.7f);
+    {
+        this.chunkToNearestDistance.defaultReturnValue(-1);
+    }
+
+    protected final DistanceChangeCallback<E> distanceChangeCallback;
+
+    public DistanceTrackingAreaMap() {
+        this(new PooledLinkedHashSets<>());
+    }
+
+    // let users define a "global" or "shared" pooled sets if they wish
+    public DistanceTrackingAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets) {
+        this(pooledHashSets, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public DistanceTrackingAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<E> addCallback, final ChangeCallback<E> removeCallback,
+                                   final DistanceChangeCallback<E> distanceChangeCallback) {
+        super(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback);
+        this.distanceChangeCallback = distanceChangeCallback;
+    }
+
+    // ret -1 if there is nothing mapped
+    public final int getNearestObjectDistance(final long key) {
+        return this.chunkToNearestDistance.get(key);
+    }
+
+    // ret -1 if there is nothing mapped
+    public final int getNearestObjectDistance(final ChunkPos chunkPos) {
+        return this.chunkToNearestDistance.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkPos));
+    }
+
+    // ret -1 if there is nothing mapped
+    public final int getNearestObjectDistance(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        return this.chunkToNearestDistance.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+    }
+
+    protected final void recalculateDistance(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        final long key = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> state = this.areaMap.get(key);
+        if (state == null) {
+            final int oldDistance = this.chunkToNearestDistance.remove(key);
+            // nothing here.
+            if (oldDistance == -1) {
+                // nothing was here previously
+                return;
+            }
+            if (this.distanceChangeCallback != null) {
+                this.distanceChangeCallback.accept(chunkX, chunkZ, oldDistance, -1, null);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        int newDistance = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+        final Object[] rawData = state.getBackingSet();
+        for (int i = 0, len = rawData.length; i < len; ++i) {
+            final Object raw = rawData[i];
+
+            if (raw == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final E object = (E)raw;
+            final long location = this.objectToLastCoordinate.getLong(object);
+
+            final int distance = Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(chunkX - MCUtil.getCoordinateX(location)), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(chunkZ - MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(location)));
+
+            if (distance < newDistance) {
+                newDistance = distance;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final int oldDistance = this.chunkToNearestDistance.put(key, newDistance);
+
+        if (oldDistance != newDistance) {
+            if (this.distanceChangeCallback != null) {
+                this.distanceChangeCallback.accept(chunkX, chunkZ, oldDistance, newDistance, state);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void addObjectCallback(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + viewDistance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + viewDistance;
+        final int minX = chunkX - viewDistance;
+        final int minZ = chunkZ - viewDistance;
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                this.recalculateDistance(x, z);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void removeObjectCallback(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + viewDistance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + viewDistance;
+        final int minX = chunkX - viewDistance;
+        final int minZ = chunkZ - viewDistance;
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                this.recalculateDistance(x, z);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void updateObjectCallback(final E object, final long oldPosition, final long newPosition, final int oldViewDistance, final int newViewDistance) {
+        if (oldPosition == newPosition && newViewDistance == oldViewDistance) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int toX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(newPosition);
+        final int toZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(newPosition);
+        final int fromX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(oldPosition);
+        final int fromZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(oldPosition);
+
+        final int totalX = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromX - toX);
+        final int totalZ = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromZ - toZ);
+
+        if (Math.max(totalX, totalZ) > (2 * Math.max(newViewDistance, oldViewDistance))) {
+            // teleported?
+            this.removeObjectCallback(object, fromX, fromZ, oldViewDistance);
+            this.addObjectCallback(object, toX, toZ, newViewDistance);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int minX = Math.min(fromX - oldViewDistance, toX - newViewDistance);
+        final int maxX = Math.max(fromX + oldViewDistance, toX + newViewDistance);
+        final int minZ = Math.min(fromZ - oldViewDistance, toZ - newViewDistance);
+        final int maxZ = Math.max(fromZ + oldViewDistance, toZ + newViewDistance);
+
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                final int distXOld = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(x - fromX);
+                final int distZOld = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(z - fromZ);
+
+                if (Math.max(distXOld, distZOld) <= oldViewDistance) {
+                    this.recalculateDistance(x, z);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                final int distXNew = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(x - toX);
+                final int distZNew = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(z - toZ);
+
+                if (Math.max(distXNew, distZNew) <= newViewDistance) {
+                    this.recalculateDistance(x, z);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface DistanceChangeCallback<E> {
+
+        void accept(final int posX, final int posZ, final int oldNearestDistance, final int newNearestDistance,
+                    final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> state);
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerAreaMap.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerAreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46954db7ecd35ac4018fdf476df7c8020d7ce6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerAreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class PlayerAreaMap extends AreaMap<ServerPlayer> {
+
+    public PlayerAreaMap() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public PlayerAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets) {
+        super(pooledHashSets);
+    }
+
+    public PlayerAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> addCallback,
+                         final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> removeCallback) {
+        this(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback, null);
+    }
+
+    public PlayerAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> addCallback,
+                         final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> removeCallback, final ChangeSourceCallback<ServerPlayer> changeSourceCallback) {
+        super(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback, changeSourceCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<ServerPlayer> getEmptySetFor(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        return player.cachedSingleHashSet;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d05dcea15f7047b58736c7c0e07920a04d6c5abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
+
+public class PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap extends DistanceTrackingAreaMap<ServerPlayer> {
+
+    public PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets) {
+        super(pooledHashSets);
+    }
+
+    public PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> addCallback,
+                                         final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> removeCallback, final DistanceChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> distanceChangeCallback) {
+        super(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback, distanceChangeCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<ServerPlayer> getEmptySetFor(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        return player.cachedSingleHashSet;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PooledLinkedHashSets.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PooledLinkedHashSets.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e51104e65a07b6ea7bbbcbb6afb066ef6401cc5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PooledLinkedHashSets.java
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectOpenHashSet;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+
+/** @author Spottedleaf */
+public class PooledLinkedHashSets<E> {
+
+    /* Tested via https://gist.github.com/Spottedleaf/a93bb7a8993d6ce142d3efc5932bf573 */
+
+    // we really want to avoid that equals() check as much as possible...
+    protected final Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>, PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> mapPool = new Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<>(128, 0.25f);
+
+    protected void decrementReferenceCount(final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current) {
+        if (current.referenceCount == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot decrement reference count for " + current);
+        }
+        if (current.referenceCount == -1 || --current.referenceCount > 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.mapPool.remove(current);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> findMapWith(final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current, final E object) {
+        final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> cached = current.getAddCache(object);
+
+        if (cached != null) {
+            decrementReferenceCount(current);
+
+            if (cached.referenceCount == 0) {
+                // bring the map back from the dead
+                PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> contending = this.mapPool.putIfAbsent(cached, cached);
+                if (contending != null) {
+                    // a map already exists with the elements we want
+                    if (contending.referenceCount != -1) {
+                        ++contending.referenceCount;
+                    }
+                    current.updateAddCache(object, contending);
+                    return contending;
+                }
+
+                cached.referenceCount = 1;
+            } else if (cached.referenceCount != -1) {
+                ++cached.referenceCount;
+            }
+
+            return cached;
+        }
+
+        if (!current.add(object)) {
+            return current;
+        }
+
+        // we use get/put since we use a different key on put
+        PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> ret = this.mapPool.get(current);
+
+        if (ret == null) {
+            ret = new PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(current);
+            current.remove(object);
+            this.mapPool.put(ret, ret);
+            ret.referenceCount = 1;
+        } else {
+            if (ret.referenceCount != -1) {
+                ++ret.referenceCount;
+            }
+            current.remove(object);
+        }
+
+        current.updateAddCache(object, ret);
+
+        decrementReferenceCount(current);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // rets null if current.size() == 1
+    public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> findMapWithout(final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current, final E object) {
+        if (current.set.size() == 1) {
+            decrementReferenceCount(current);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> cached = current.getRemoveCache(object);
+
+        if (cached != null) {
+            decrementReferenceCount(current);
+
+            if (cached.referenceCount == 0) {
+                // bring the map back from the dead
+                PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> contending = this.mapPool.putIfAbsent(cached, cached);
+                if (contending != null) {
+                    // a map already exists with the elements we want
+                    if (contending.referenceCount != -1) {
+                        ++contending.referenceCount;
+                    }
+                    current.updateRemoveCache(object, contending);
+                    return contending;
+                }
+
+                cached.referenceCount = 1;
+            } else if (cached.referenceCount != -1) {
+                ++cached.referenceCount;
+            }
+
+            return cached;
+        }
+
+        if (!current.remove(object)) {
+            return current;
+        }
+
+        // we use get/put since we use a different key on put
+        PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> ret = this.mapPool.get(current);
+
+        if (ret == null) {
+            ret = new PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(current);
+            current.add(object);
+            this.mapPool.put(ret, ret);
+            ret.referenceCount = 1;
+        } else {
+            if (ret.referenceCount != -1) {
+                ++ret.referenceCount;
+            }
+            current.add(object);
+        }
+
+        current.updateRemoveCache(object, ret);
+
+        decrementReferenceCount(current);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    static final class RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> extends ObjectOpenHashSet<E> {
+
+        public RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        public RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final int capacity) {
+            super(capacity);
+        }
+
+        public RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final int capacity, final float loadFactor) {
+            super(capacity, loadFactor);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> clone() {
+            return (RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>)super.clone();
+        }
+
+        public E[] getRawSet() {
+            return this.key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> {
+
+        private static final WeakReference NULL_REFERENCE = new WeakReference<>(null);
+
+        final RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> set;
+        int referenceCount; // -1 if special
+        int hash; // optimize hashcode
+
+        // add cache
+        WeakReference<E> lastAddObject = NULL_REFERENCE;
+        WeakReference<PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> lastAddMap = NULL_REFERENCE;
+
+        // remove cache
+        WeakReference<E> lastRemoveObject = NULL_REFERENCE;
+        WeakReference<PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> lastRemoveMap = NULL_REFERENCE;
+
+        public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledSets) {
+            this.set = new RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(2, 0.8f);
+        }
+
+        public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final E single) {
+            this((PooledLinkedHashSets<E>)null);
+            this.referenceCount = -1;
+            this.add(single);
+        }
+
+        public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> other) {
+            this.set = other.set.clone();
+            this.hash = other.hash;
+        }
+
+        // from https://github.com/Spottedleaf/ConcurrentUtil/blob/master/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/util/IntegerUtil.java
+        // generated by https://github.com/skeeto/hash-prospector
+        private static int hash0(int x) {
+            x *= 0x36935555;
+            x ^= x >>> 16;
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getAddCache(final E element) {
+            final E currentAdd = this.lastAddObject.get();
+
+            if (currentAdd == null || !(currentAdd == element || currentAdd.equals(element))) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return this.lastAddMap.get();
+        }
+
+        PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getRemoveCache(final E element) {
+            final E currentRemove = this.lastRemoveObject.get();
+
+            if (currentRemove == null || !(currentRemove == element || currentRemove.equals(element))) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return this.lastRemoveMap.get();
+        }
+
+        void updateAddCache(final E element, final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> map) {
+            this.lastAddObject = new WeakReference<>(element);
+            this.lastAddMap = new WeakReference<>(map);
+        }
+
+        void updateRemoveCache(final E element, final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> map) {
+            this.lastRemoveObject = new WeakReference<>(element);
+            this.lastRemoveMap = new WeakReference<>(map);
+        }
+
+        boolean add(final E element) {
+            boolean added =  this.set.add(element);
+
+            if (added) {
+                this.hash += hash0(element.hashCode());
+            }
+
+            return added;
+        }
+
+        boolean remove(Object element) {
+            boolean removed = this.set.remove(element);
+
+            if (removed) {
+                this.hash -= hash0(element.hashCode());
+            }
+
+            return removed;
+        }
+
+        public boolean contains(final Object element) {
+            return this.set.contains(element);
+        }
+
+        public E[] getBackingSet() {
+            return this.set.getRawSet();
+        }
+
+        public int size() {
+            return this.set.size();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return this.hash;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(final Object other) {
+            if (!(other instanceof PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (this.referenceCount == 0) {
+                return other == this;
+            } else {
+                if (other == this) {
+                    // Unfortunately we are never equal to our own instance while in use!
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return this.hash == ((PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet)other).hash && this.set.equals(((PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet)other).set);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "PooledHashSet: size: " + this.set.size() + ", reference count: " + this.referenceCount + ", hash: " +
+                this.hashCode() + ", identity: " + System.identityHashCode(this) + " map: " + this.set.toString();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/pooled/PooledObjects.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/pooled/PooledObjects.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0c77068e9a53d1b8bbad0f3f6b420d6bc85f8c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/pooled/PooledObjects.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.pooled;
+
+import net.minecraft.server.MCUtil;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public final class PooledObjects<E> {
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for an object that will be have a cleaner registered for it, and may be automatically returned to pool.
+     */
+    public class AutoReleased {
+        private final E object;
+        private final Runnable cleaner;
+
+        public AutoReleased(E object, Runnable cleaner) {
+            this.object = object;
+            this.cleaner = cleaner;
+        }
+
+        public final E getObject() {
+            return object;
+        }
+
+        public final Runnable getCleaner() {
+            return cleaner;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final PooledObjects<MutableInt> POOLED_MUTABLE_INTEGERS = new PooledObjects<>(MutableInt::new, 1024);
+
+    private final Supplier<E> creator;
+    private final Consumer<E> releaser;
+    private final int maxPoolSize;
+    private final ArrayDeque<E> queue;
+
+    public PooledObjects(final Supplier<E> creator, int maxPoolSize) {
+        this(creator, maxPoolSize, null);
+    }
+    public PooledObjects(final Supplier<E> creator, int maxPoolSize, Consumer<E> releaser) {
+        if (creator == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Creator must not be null");
+        }
+        if (maxPoolSize <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Max pool size must be greater-than 0");
+        }
+
+        this.queue = new ArrayDeque<>(maxPoolSize);
+        this.maxPoolSize = maxPoolSize;
+        this.creator = creator;
+        this.releaser = releaser;
+    }
+
+    public AutoReleased acquireCleaner(Object holder) {
+        return acquireCleaner(holder, this::release);
+    }
+
+    public AutoReleased acquireCleaner(Object holder, Consumer<E> releaser) {
+        E resource = acquire();
+        Runnable cleaner = MCUtil.registerCleaner(holder, resource, releaser);
+        return new AutoReleased(resource, cleaner);
+    }
+
+    public final E acquire() {
+        E value;
+        synchronized (queue) {
+            value = this.queue.pollLast();
+        }
+        return value != null ? value : this.creator.get();
+    }
+
+    public final void release(final E value) {
+        if (this.releaser != null) {
+            this.releaser.accept(value);
+        }
+        synchronized (this.queue) {
+            if (queue.size() < this.maxPoolSize) {
+                this.queue.addLast(value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/set/OptimizedSmallEnumSet.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/set/OptimizedSmallEnumSet.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9df0006c1a283f77c4d01d9fce9062fc1c9bbb1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/set/OptimizedSmallEnumSet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.set;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf <Spottedleaf@users.noreply.github.com>
+ */
+public final class OptimizedSmallEnumSet<E extends Enum<E>> {
+
+    private final Class<E> enumClass;
+    private long backingSet;
+
+    public OptimizedSmallEnumSet(final Class<E> clazz) {
+        if (clazz == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null class");
+        }
+        if (!clazz.isEnum()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class must be enum, not " + clazz.getCanonicalName());
+        }
+        this.enumClass = clazz;
+    }
+
+    public boolean addUnchecked(final E element) {
+        final int ordinal = element.ordinal();
+        final long key = 1L << ordinal;
+
+        final long prev = this.backingSet;
+        this.backingSet = prev | key;
+
+        return (prev & key) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public boolean removeUnchecked(final E element) {
+        final int ordinal = element.ordinal();
+        final long key = 1L << ordinal;
+
+        final long prev = this.backingSet;
+        this.backingSet = prev & ~key;
+
+        return (prev & key) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.backingSet = 0L;
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        return Long.bitCount(this.backingSet);
+    }
+
+    public void addAllUnchecked(final Collection<E> enums) {
+        for (final E element : enums) {
+            if (element == null) {
+                throw new NullPointerException("Null element");
+            }
+            this.backingSet |= (1L << element.ordinal());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public long getBackingSet() {
+        return this.backingSet;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasCommonElements(final OptimizedSmallEnumSet<E> other) {
+        return (other.backingSet & this.backingSet) != 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b71cf7a462d25c3e4f910e09a37270ce9bc7776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.chunk;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ReferenceLinkedOpenHashSet;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ReferenceOpenHashSet;
+import net.minecraft.server.MCUtil;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public final class SingleThreadChunkRegionManager {
+
+    protected final int regionSectionMergeRadius;
+    protected final int regionSectionChunkSize;
+    public final int regionChunkShift; // log2(REGION_CHUNK_SIZE)
+
+    public final ServerLevel world;
+    public final String name;
+
+    protected final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<RegionSection> regionsBySection = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
+    protected final ReferenceLinkedOpenHashSet<Region> needsRecalculation = new ReferenceLinkedOpenHashSet<>();
+    protected final int minSectionRecalcCount;
+    protected final double maxDeadRegionPercent;
+    protected final Supplier<RegionData> regionDataSupplier;
+    protected final Supplier<RegionSectionData> regionSectionDataSupplier;
+
+    public SingleThreadChunkRegionManager(final ServerLevel world, final int minSectionRecalcCount,
+                                          final double maxDeadRegionPercent, final int sectionMergeRadius,
+                                          final int regionSectionChunkShift,
+                                          final String name, final Supplier<RegionData> regionDataSupplier,
+                                          final Supplier<RegionSectionData> regionSectionDataSupplier) {
+        this.regionSectionMergeRadius = sectionMergeRadius;
+        this.regionSectionChunkSize = 1 << regionSectionChunkShift;
+        this.regionChunkShift = regionSectionChunkShift;
+        this.world = world;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.minSectionRecalcCount = Math.max(2, minSectionRecalcCount);
+        this.maxDeadRegionPercent = maxDeadRegionPercent;
+        this.regionDataSupplier = regionDataSupplier;
+        this.regionSectionDataSupplier = regionSectionDataSupplier;
+    }
+
+    // tested via https://gist.github.com/Spottedleaf/aa7ade3451c37b4cac061fc77074db2f
+
+    /*
+    protected void check() {
+        ReferenceOpenHashSet<Region<T>> checked = new ReferenceOpenHashSet<>();
+
+        for (RegionSection<T> section : this.regionsBySection.values()) {
+            if (!checked.add(section.region)) {
+                section.region.check();
+            }
+        }
+        for (Region<T> region : this.needsRecalculation) {
+            region.check();
+        }
+    }
+    */
+
+    protected void addToRecalcQueue(final Region region) {
+        this.needsRecalculation.add(region);
+    }
+
+    protected void removeFromRecalcQueue(final Region region) {
+        this.needsRecalculation.remove(region);
+    }
+
+    public RegionSection getRegionSection(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        return this.regionsBySection.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX >> this.regionChunkShift, chunkZ >> this.regionChunkShift));
+    }
+
+    public Region getRegion(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        final RegionSection section = this.regionsBySection.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX >> regionChunkShift, chunkZ >> regionChunkShift));
+        return section != null ? section.region : null;
+    }
+
+    private final List<Region> toMerge = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    protected RegionSection getOrCreateAndMergeSection(final int sectionX, final int sectionZ, final RegionSection force) {
+        final long sectionKey = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(sectionX, sectionZ);
+
+        if (force == null) {
+            RegionSection region = this.regionsBySection.get(sectionKey);
+            if (region != null) {
+                return region;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int mergeCandidateSectionSize = -1;
+        Region mergeIntoCandidate = null;
+
+        // find optimal candidate to merge into
+
+        final int minX = sectionX - this.regionSectionMergeRadius;
+        final int maxX = sectionX + this.regionSectionMergeRadius;
+        final int minZ = sectionZ - this.regionSectionMergeRadius;
+        final int maxZ = sectionZ + this.regionSectionMergeRadius;
+        for (int currX = minX; currX <= maxX; ++currX) {
+            for (int currZ = minZ; currZ <= maxZ; ++currZ) {
+                final RegionSection section = this.regionsBySection.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(currX, currZ));
+                if (section == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final Region region = section.region;
+                if (region.dead) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Dead region should not be in live region manager state: " + region);
+                }
+                final int sections = region.sections.size();
+
+                if (sections > mergeCandidateSectionSize) {
+                    mergeCandidateSectionSize = sections;
+                    mergeIntoCandidate = region;
+                }
+                this.toMerge.add(region);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // merge
+        if (mergeIntoCandidate != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < this.toMerge.size(); ++i) {
+                final Region region = this.toMerge.get(i);
+                if (region.dead || mergeIntoCandidate == region) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                region.mergeInto(mergeIntoCandidate);
+            }
+            this.toMerge.clear();
+        } else {
+            mergeIntoCandidate = new Region(this);
+        }
+
+        final RegionSection section;
+        if (force == null) {
+            this.regionsBySection.put(sectionKey, section = new RegionSection(sectionKey, this));
+        } else {
+            final RegionSection existing = this.regionsBySection.putIfAbsent(sectionKey, force);
+            if (existing != null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Attempting to override section '" + existing.toStringWithRegion() +
+                        ", with " + force.toStringWithRegion());
+            }
+
+            section = force;
+        }
+
+        mergeIntoCandidate.addRegionSection(section);
+        //mergeIntoCandidate.check();
+        //this.check();
+
+        return section;
+    }
+
+    public void addChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        this.getOrCreateAndMergeSection(chunkX >> this.regionChunkShift, chunkZ >> this.regionChunkShift, null).addChunk(chunkX, chunkZ);
+    }
+
+    public void removeChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        final RegionSection section = this.regionsBySection.get(
+                MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX >> this.regionChunkShift, chunkZ >> this.regionChunkShift)
+        );
+        if (section != null) {
+            section.removeChunk(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot remove chunk at (" + chunkX + "," + chunkZ + ") from region state, section does not exist");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void recalculateRegions() {
+        for (int i = 0, len = this.needsRecalculation.size(); i < len; ++i) {
+            final Region region = this.needsRecalculation.removeFirst();
+
+            this.recalculateRegion(region);
+            //this.check();
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void recalculateRegion(final Region region) {
+        region.markedForRecalc = false;
+        //region.check();
+        // clear unused regions
+        for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = region.deadSections.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final RegionSection deadSection = iterator.next();
+
+            if (deadSection.hasChunks()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Dead section '" + deadSection.toStringWithRegion() + "' is marked dead but has chunks!");
+            }
+            if (!region.removeRegionSection(deadSection)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Region " + region + " has inconsistent state, it should contain section " + deadSection);
+            }
+            if (!this.regionsBySection.remove(deadSection.regionCoordinate, deadSection)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot remove dead section '" +
+                        deadSection.toStringWithRegion() + "' from section state! State at section coordinate: " +
+                        this.regionsBySection.get(deadSection.regionCoordinate));
+            }
+        }
+        region.deadSections.clear();
+
+        // implicitly cover cases where size == 0
+        if (region.sections.size() < this.minSectionRecalcCount) {
+            //region.check();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // run a test to see if we actually need to recalculate
+        // TODO
+
+        // destroy and rebuild the region
+        region.dead = true;
+
+        // destroy region state
+        for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = region.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final RegionSection aliveSection = iterator.next();
+            if (!aliveSection.hasChunks()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Alive section '" + aliveSection.toStringWithRegion() + "' has no chunks!");
+            }
+            if (!this.regionsBySection.remove(aliveSection.regionCoordinate, aliveSection)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot remove alive section '" +
+                        aliveSection.toStringWithRegion() + "' from section state! State at section coordinate: " +
+                        this.regionsBySection.get(aliveSection.regionCoordinate));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // rebuild regions
+        for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = region.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final RegionSection aliveSection = iterator.next();
+            this.getOrCreateAndMergeSection(aliveSection.getSectionX(), aliveSection.getSectionZ(), aliveSection);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class Region {
+        protected final IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<RegionSection> sections = new IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<>();
+        protected final ReferenceOpenHashSet<RegionSection> deadSections = new ReferenceOpenHashSet<>(16, 0.7f);
+        protected boolean dead;
+        protected boolean markedForRecalc;
+
+        public final SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager;
+        public final RegionData regionData;
+
+        protected Region(final SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager) {
+            this.regionManager = regionManager;
+            this.regionData = regionManager.regionDataSupplier.get();
+        }
+
+        public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.Iterator<RegionSection> getSections() {
+            return this.sections.iterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS);
+        }
+
+        protected final double getDeadSectionPercent() {
+            return (double)this.deadSections.size() / (double)this.sections.size();
+        }
+
+        /*
+        protected void check() {
+            if (this.dead) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Dead region!");
+            }
+            for (final Iterator<RegionSection<T>> iterator = this.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+                final RegionSection<T> section = iterator.next();
+                if (section.region != this) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Region section must point to us!");
+                }
+                if (this.regionManager.regionsBySection.get(section.regionCoordinate) != section) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Region section must match the regionmanager state!");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        */
+
+        // note: it is not true that the region at this point is not in any region. use the region field on the section
+        // to see if it is currently in another region.
+        protected final boolean addRegionSection(final RegionSection section) {
+            if (!this.sections.add(section)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            section.sectionData.addToRegion(section, section.region, this);
+
+            section.region = this;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected final boolean removeRegionSection(final RegionSection section) {
+            if (!this.sections.remove(section)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            section.sectionData.removeFromRegion(section, this);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected void mergeInto(final Region mergeTarget) {
+            if (this == mergeTarget) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot merge a region onto itself");
+            }
+            if (this.dead) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Source region is dead! Source " + this + ", target " + mergeTarget);
+            } else if (mergeTarget.dead) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Target region is dead! Source " + this + ", target " + mergeTarget);
+            }
+            this.dead = true;
+            if (this.markedForRecalc) {
+                this.regionManager.removeFromRecalcQueue(this);
+            }
+
+            for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = this.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+                final RegionSection section = iterator.next();
+
+                if (!mergeTarget.addRegionSection(section)) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Target cannot contain source's sections! Source " + this + ", target " + mergeTarget);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (final RegionSection deadSection : this.deadSections) {
+                if (!this.sections.contains(deadSection)) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Source region does not even contain its own dead sections! Missing " + deadSection + " from region " + this);
+                }
+                mergeTarget.deadSections.add(deadSection);
+            }
+            //mergeTarget.check();
+        }
+
+        protected void markSectionAlive(final RegionSection section) {
+            this.deadSections.remove(section);
+            if (this.markedForRecalc && (this.sections.size() < this.regionManager.minSectionRecalcCount || this.getDeadSectionPercent() < this.regionManager.maxDeadRegionPercent)) {
+                this.regionManager.removeFromRecalcQueue(this);
+                this.markedForRecalc = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void markSectionDead(final RegionSection section) {
+            this.deadSections.add(section);
+            if (!this.markedForRecalc && (this.sections.size() >= this.regionManager.minSectionRecalcCount || this.sections.size() == this.deadSections.size()) && this.getDeadSectionPercent() >= this.regionManager.maxDeadRegionPercent) {
+                this.regionManager.addToRecalcQueue(this);
+                this.markedForRecalc = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            final StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(128);
+
+            ret.append("Region{");
+            ret.append("dead=").append(this.dead).append(',');
+            ret.append("markedForRecalc=").append(this.markedForRecalc).append(',');
+
+            ret.append("sectionCount=").append(this.sections.size()).append(',');
+            ret.append("sections=[");
+            for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = this.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+                final RegionSection section = iterator.next();
+                ret.append(section);
+                if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                    ret.append(',');
+                }
+            }
+            ret.append(']');
+
+            ret.append('}');
+            return ret.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class RegionSection {
+        protected final long regionCoordinate;
+        protected final long[] chunksBitset;
+        protected int chunkCount;
+        protected Region region;
+
+        public final SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager;
+        public final RegionSectionData sectionData;
+
+        protected RegionSection(final long regionCoordinate, final SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager) {
+            this.regionCoordinate = regionCoordinate;
+            this.regionManager = regionManager;
+            this.chunksBitset = new long[Math.max(1, regionManager.regionSectionChunkSize * regionManager.regionSectionChunkSize / Long.SIZE)];
+            this.sectionData = regionManager.regionSectionDataSupplier.get();
+        }
+
+        public int getSectionX() {
+            return MCUtil.getCoordinateX(this.regionCoordinate);
+        }
+
+        public int getSectionZ() {
+            return MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(this.regionCoordinate);
+        }
+
+        public Region getRegion() {
+            return this.region;
+        }
+
+        private int getChunkIndex(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+            return (chunkX & (this.regionManager.regionSectionChunkSize - 1)) | ((chunkZ & (this.regionManager.regionSectionChunkSize - 1)) << this.regionManager.regionChunkShift);
+        }
+
+        protected boolean hasChunks() {
+            return this.chunkCount != 0;
+        }
+
+        protected void addChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+            final int index = this.getChunkIndex(chunkX, chunkZ);
+            final long bitset = this.chunksBitset[index >>> 6]; // index / Long.SIZE
+            final long after = this.chunksBitset[index >>> 6] = bitset | (1L << (index & (Long.SIZE - 1)));
+            if (after == bitset) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot add a chunk to a section which already has the chunk! RegionSection: " + this + ", global chunk: " + new ChunkPos(chunkX, chunkZ).toString());
+            }
+            if (++this.chunkCount != 1) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.region.markSectionAlive(this);
+        }
+
+        protected void removeChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+            final int index = this.getChunkIndex(chunkX, chunkZ);
+            final long before = this.chunksBitset[index >>> 6]; // index / Long.SIZE
+            final long bitset = this.chunksBitset[index >>> 6] = before & ~(1L << (index & (Long.SIZE - 1)));
+            if (before == bitset) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot remove a chunk from a section which does not have that chunk! RegionSection: " + this + ", global chunk: " + new ChunkPos(chunkX, chunkZ).toString());
+            }
+            if (--this.chunkCount != 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.region.markSectionDead(this);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "RegionSection{" +
+                    "regionCoordinate=" + new ChunkPos(this.regionCoordinate).toString() + "," +
+                    "chunkCount=" + this.chunkCount + "," +
+                    "chunksBitset=" + toString(this.chunksBitset) + "," +
+                    "hash=" + this.hashCode() +
+                    "}";
+        }
+
+        public String toStringWithRegion() {
+            return "RegionSection{" +
+                    "regionCoordinate=" + new ChunkPos(this.regionCoordinate).toString() + "," +
+                    "chunkCount=" + this.chunkCount + "," +
+                    "chunksBitset=" + toString(this.chunksBitset) + "," +
+                    "hash=" + this.hashCode() + "," +
+                    "region=" + this.region +
+                    "}";
+        }
+
+        private static String toString(final long[] array) {
+            final StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
+            for (final long value : array) {
+                // zero pad the hex string
+                final char[] zeros = new char[Long.SIZE / 4];
+                Arrays.fill(zeros, '0');
+                final String string = Long.toHexString(value);
+                System.arraycopy(string.toCharArray(), 0, zeros, zeros.length - string.length(), string.length());
+
+                ret.append(zeros);
+            }
+
+            return ret.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static interface RegionData {
+
+    }
+
+    public static interface RegionSectionData {
+
+        public void removeFromRegion(final RegionSection section, final Region from);
+
+        // removal from the old region is handled via removeFromRegion
+        public void addToRegion(final RegionSection section, final Region oldRegion, final Region newRegion);
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CachedLists.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CachedLists.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be668387f65a633c6ac497fca632a4767a1bf3a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CachedLists.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+public final class CachedLists {
+
+    public static void reset() {
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CoordinateUtils.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CoordinateUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..413e4b6da027876dbbe8eb78f2568a440f431547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CoordinateUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
+import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+
+public final class CoordinateUtils {
+
+    // dx, dz are relative to the target chunk
+    // dx, dz in [-radius, radius]
+    public static int getNeighbourMappedIndex(final int dx, final int dz, final int radius) {
+        return (dx + radius) + (2 * radius + 1)*(dz + radius);
+    }
+
+    // the chunk keys are compatible with vanilla
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return ((long)(pos.getZ() >> 4) << 32) | ((pos.getX() >> 4) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getZ()) >> 4) << 32) | ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getX()) >> 4) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final ChunkPos pos) {
+        return ((long)pos.z << 32) | (pos.x & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final SectionPos pos) {
+        return ((long)pos.getZ() << 32) | (pos.getX() & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final int x, final int z) {
+        return ((long)z << 32) | (x & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkX(final long chunkKey) {
+        return (int)chunkKey;
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkZ(final long chunkKey) {
+        return (int)(chunkKey >>> 32);
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkCoordinate(final double blockCoordinate) {
+        return Mth.floor(blockCoordinate) >> 4;
+    }
+
+    // the section keys are compatible with vanilla's
+
+    static final int SECTION_X_BITS = 22;
+    static final long SECTION_X_MASK = (1L << SECTION_X_BITS) - 1;
+    static final int SECTION_Y_BITS = 20;
+    static final long SECTION_Y_MASK = (1L << SECTION_Y_BITS) - 1;
+    static final int SECTION_Z_BITS = 22;
+    static final long SECTION_Z_MASK = (1L << SECTION_Z_BITS) - 1;
+    // format is y,z,x (in order of LSB to MSB)
+    static final int SECTION_Y_SHIFT = 0;
+    static final int SECTION_Z_SHIFT = SECTION_Y_SHIFT + SECTION_Y_BITS;
+    static final int SECTION_X_SHIFT = SECTION_Z_SHIFT + SECTION_X_BITS;
+    static final int SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT = 4;
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return ((x & SECTION_X_MASK) << SECTION_X_SHIFT)
+                | ((y & SECTION_Y_MASK) << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)
+                | ((z & SECTION_Z_MASK) << SECTION_Z_SHIFT);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final SectionPos pos) {
+        return ((pos.getX() & SECTION_X_MASK) << SECTION_X_SHIFT)
+                | ((pos.getY() & SECTION_Y_MASK) << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)
+                | ((pos.getZ() & SECTION_Z_MASK) << SECTION_Z_SHIFT);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final ChunkPos pos, final int y) {
+        return ((pos.x & SECTION_X_MASK) << SECTION_X_SHIFT)
+                | ((y & SECTION_Y_MASK) << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)
+                | ((pos.z & SECTION_Z_MASK) << SECTION_Z_SHIFT);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return (((long)pos.getX() << (SECTION_X_SHIFT - SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT)) & (SECTION_X_MASK << SECTION_X_SHIFT)) |
+                ((pos.getY() >> SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT) & (SECTION_Y_MASK << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)) |
+                (((long)pos.getZ() << (SECTION_Z_SHIFT - SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT)) & (SECTION_Z_MASK << SECTION_Z_SHIFT));
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getX()) << (SECTION_X_SHIFT - SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT)) & (SECTION_X_MASK << SECTION_X_SHIFT)) |
+                ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getY()) >> SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT) & (SECTION_Y_MASK << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)) |
+                ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getZ()) << (SECTION_Z_SHIFT - SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT)) & (SECTION_Z_MASK << SECTION_Z_SHIFT));
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkSectionX(final long key) {
+        return (int)(key << (Long.SIZE - (SECTION_X_SHIFT + SECTION_X_BITS)) >> (Long.SIZE - SECTION_X_BITS));
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkSectionY(final long key) {
+        return (int)(key << (Long.SIZE - (SECTION_Y_SHIFT + SECTION_Y_BITS)) >> (Long.SIZE - SECTION_Y_BITS));
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkSectionZ(final long key) {
+        return (int)(key << (Long.SIZE - (SECTION_Z_SHIFT + SECTION_Z_BITS)) >> (Long.SIZE - SECTION_Z_BITS));
+    }
+
+    // the block coordinates are not necessarily compatible with vanilla's
+
+    public static int getBlockCoordinate(final double blockCoordinate) {
+        return Mth.floor(blockCoordinate);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return ((long)x & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)z & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)y << 54);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return ((long)pos.getX() & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)pos.getZ() & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)pos.getY() << 54);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return ((long)entity.getX() & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)entity.getZ() & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)entity.getY() << 54);
+    }
+
+    private CoordinateUtils() {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntegerUtil.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntegerUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1bc1d1d0c86217ef18883d281195bc6b27e52ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntegerUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+public final class IntegerUtil {
+
+    public static final int HIGH_BIT_U32 = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+    public static final long HIGH_BIT_U64 = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+
+    public static int ceilLog2(final int value) {
+        return Integer.SIZE - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value - 1); // see doc of numberOfLeadingZeros
+    }
+
+    public static long ceilLog2(final long value) {
+        return Long.SIZE - Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(value - 1); // see doc of numberOfLeadingZeros
+    }
+
+    public static int floorLog2(final int value) {
+        // xor is optimized subtract for 2^n -1
+        // note that (2^n -1) - k = (2^n -1) ^ k for k <= (2^n - 1)
+        return (Integer.SIZE - 1) ^ Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value); // see doc of numberOfLeadingZeros
+    }
+
+    public static int floorLog2(final long value) {
+        // xor is optimized subtract for 2^n -1
+        // note that (2^n -1) - k = (2^n -1) ^ k for k <= (2^n - 1)
+        return (Long.SIZE - 1) ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(value); // see doc of numberOfLeadingZeros
+    }
+
+    public static int roundCeilLog2(final int value) {
+        // optimized variant of 1 << (32 - leading(val - 1))
+        // given
+        // 1 << n = HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - n) for n [0, 32)
+        // 1 << (32 - leading(val - 1)) = HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - (32 - leading(val - 1)))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - (32 - leading(val - 1)))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - 32 + leading(val - 1))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (-1 + leading(val - 1))
+        return HIGH_BIT_U32 >>> (Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value - 1) - 1);
+    }
+
+    public static long roundCeilLog2(final long value) {
+        // see logic documented above
+        return HIGH_BIT_U64 >>> (Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(value - 1) - 1);
+    }
+
+    public static int roundFloorLog2(final int value) {
+        // optimized variant of 1 << (31 - leading(val))
+        // given
+        // 1 << n = HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - n) for n [0, 32)
+        // 1 << (31 - leading(val)) = HIGH_BIT_32 >> (31 - (31 - leading(val)))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >> (31 - (31 - leading(val)))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >> (31 - 31 + leading(val))
+        return HIGH_BIT_U32 >>> Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value);
+    }
+
+    public static long roundFloorLog2(final long value) {
+        // see logic documented above
+        return HIGH_BIT_U64 >>> Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(value);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(final int n) {
+        // 2^n has one bit
+        // note: this rets true for 0 still
+        return IntegerUtil.getTrailingBit(n) == n;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(final long n) {
+        // 2^n has one bit
+        // note: this rets true for 0 still
+        return IntegerUtil.getTrailingBit(n) == n;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTrailingBit(final int n) {
+        return -n & n;
+    }
+
+    public static long getTrailingBit(final long n) {
+        return -n & n;
+    }
+
+    public static int trailingZeros(final int n) {
+        return Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(n);
+    }
+
+    public static int trailingZeros(final long n) {
+        return Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(n);
+    }
+
+    // from hacker's delight (signed division magic value)
+    public static int getDivisorMultiple(final long numbers) {
+        return (int)(numbers >>> 32);
+    }
+
+    // from hacker's delight (signed division magic value)
+    public static int getDivisorShift(final long numbers) {
+        return (int)numbers;
+    }
+
+    // copied from hacker's delight (signed division magic value)
+    // http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcodetxt/magic.c.txt
+    public static long getDivisorNumbers(final int d) {
+        final int ad = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(d);
+
+        if (ad < 2) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("|number| must be in [2, 2^31 -1], not: " + d);
+        }
+
+        final int two31 = 0x80000000;
+        final long mask = 0xFFFFFFFFL; // mask for enforcing unsigned behaviour
+
+        int p = 31;
+
+        // all these variables are UNSIGNED!
+        int t = two31 + (d >>> 31);
+        int anc = t - 1 - t%ad;
+        int q1 = (int)((two31 & mask)/(anc & mask));
+        int r1 = two31 - q1*anc;
+        int q2 = (int)((two31 & mask)/(ad & mask));
+        int r2 = two31 - q2*ad;
+        int delta;
+
+        do {
+            p = p + 1;
+            q1 = 2*q1;                        // Update q1 = 2**p/|nc|.
+            r1 = 2*r1;                        // Update r1 = rem(2**p, |nc|).
+            if ((r1 & mask) >= (anc & mask)) {// (Must be an unsigned comparison here)
+                q1 = q1 + 1;
+                r1 = r1 - anc;
+            }
+            q2 = 2*q2;                       // Update q2 = 2**p/|d|.
+            r2 = 2*r2;                       // Update r2 = rem(2**p, |d|).
+            if ((r2 & mask) >= (ad & mask)) {// (Must be an unsigned comparison here)
+                q2 = q2 + 1;
+                r2 = r2 - ad;
+            }
+            delta = ad - r2;
+        } while ((q1 & mask) < (delta & mask) || (q1 == delta && r1 == 0));
+
+        int magicNum = q2 + 1;
+        if (d < 0) {
+            magicNum = -magicNum;
+        }
+        int shift = p - 32;
+        return ((long)magicNum << 32) | shift;
+    }
+
+    public static int branchlessAbs(final int val) {
+        // -n = -1 ^ n + 1
+        final int mask = val >> (Integer.SIZE - 1); // -1 if < 0, 0 if >= 0
+        return (mask ^ val) - mask; // if val < 0, then (0 ^ val) - 0 else (-1 ^ val) + 1
+    }
+
+    public static long branchlessAbs(final long val) {
+        // -n = -1 ^ n + 1
+        final long mask = val >> (Long.SIZE - 1); // -1 if < 0, 0 if >= 0
+        return (mask ^ val) - mask; // if val < 0, then (0 ^ val) - 0 else (-1 ^ val) + 1
+    }
+
+    //https://github.com/skeeto/hash-prospector for hash functions
+
+    //score = ~590.47984224483832
+    public static int hash0(int x) {
+        x *= 0x36935555;
+        x ^= x >>> 16;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    //score = ~310.01596637036749
+    public static int hash1(int x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 15;
+        x *= 0x356aaaad;
+        x ^= x >>> 17;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    public static int hash2(int x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 16;
+        x *= 0x7feb352d;
+        x ^= x >>> 15;
+        x *= 0x846ca68b;
+        x ^= x >>> 16;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    public static int hash3(int x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 17;
+        x *= 0xed5ad4bb;
+        x ^= x >>> 11;
+        x *= 0xac4c1b51;
+        x ^= x >>> 15;
+        x *= 0x31848bab;
+        x ^= x >>> 14;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    //score = ~365.79959673201887
+    public static long hash1(long x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 27;
+        x *= 0xb24924b71d2d354bL;
+        x ^= x >>> 28;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    //h2 hash
+    public static long hash2(long x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 32;
+        x *= 0xd6e8feb86659fd93L;
+        x ^= x >>> 32;
+        x *= 0xd6e8feb86659fd93L;
+        x ^= x >>> 32;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    public static long hash3(long x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 45;
+        x *= 0xc161abe5704b6c79L;
+        x ^= x >>> 41;
+        x *= 0xe3e5389aedbc90f7L;
+        x ^= x >>> 56;
+        x *= 0x1f9aba75a52db073L;
+        x ^= x >>> 53;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    private IntegerUtil() {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntervalledCounter.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntervalledCounter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..059e8c61108cb78a80895cae36f2f8ac644e704c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntervalledCounter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+public final class IntervalledCounter {
+
+    protected long[] times;
+    protected final long interval;
+    protected long minTime;
+    protected int sum;
+    protected int head; // inclusive
+    protected int tail; // exclusive
+
+    public IntervalledCounter(final long interval) {
+        this.times = new long[8];
+        this.interval = interval;
+    }
+
+    public void updateCurrentTime() {
+        this.updateCurrentTime(System.nanoTime());
+    }
+
+    public void updateCurrentTime(final long currentTime) {
+        int sum = this.sum;
+        int head = this.head;
+        final int tail = this.tail;
+        final long minTime = currentTime - this.interval;
+
+        final int arrayLen = this.times.length;
+
+        // guard against overflow by using subtraction
+        while (head != tail && this.times[head] - minTime < 0) {
+            head = (head + 1) % arrayLen;
+            --sum;
+        }
+
+        this.sum = sum;
+        this.head = head;
+        this.minTime = minTime;
+    }
+
+    public void addTime(final long currTime) {
+        // guard against overflow by using subtraction
+        if (currTime - this.minTime < 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        int nextTail = (this.tail + 1) % this.times.length;
+        if (nextTail == this.head) {
+            this.resize();
+            nextTail = (this.tail + 1) % this.times.length;
+        }
+
+        this.times[this.tail] = currTime;
+        this.tail = nextTail;
+    }
+
+    public void updateAndAdd(final int count) {
+        final long currTime = System.nanoTime();
+        this.updateCurrentTime(currTime);
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+            this.addTime(currTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void updateAndAdd(final int count, final long currTime) {
+        this.updateCurrentTime(currTime);
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+            this.addTime(currTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void resize() {
+        final long[] oldElements = this.times;
+        final long[] newElements = new long[this.times.length * 2];
+        this.times = newElements;
+
+        final int head = this.head;
+        final int tail = this.tail;
+        final int size = tail >= head ? (tail - head) : (tail + (oldElements.length - head));
+        this.head = 0;
+        this.tail = size;
+
+        if (tail >= head) {
+            System.arraycopy(oldElements, head, newElements, 0, size);
+        } else {
+            System.arraycopy(oldElements, head, newElements, 0, oldElements.length - head);
+            System.arraycopy(oldElements, 0, newElements, oldElements.length - head, tail);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // returns in units per second
+    public double getRate() {
+        return this.size() / (this.interval * 1.0e-9);
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        final int head = this.head;
+        final int tail = this.tail;
+
+        return tail >= head ? (tail - head) : (tail + (this.times.length - head));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/WorldUtil.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/WorldUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67bb91fcfb532a919954cd9d7733d09a6c3fec35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/WorldUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelHeightAccessor;
+
+public final class WorldUtil {
+
+    // min, max are inclusive
+
+    public static int getMaxSection(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return world.getMaxSection() - 1; // getMaxSection() is exclusive
+    }
+
+    public static int getMinSection(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return world.getMinSection();
+    }
+
+    public static int getMaxLightSection(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMaxSection(world) + 1;
+    }
+
+    public static int getMinLightSection(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMinSection(world) - 1;
+    }
+
+
+
+    public static int getTotalSections(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMaxSection(world) - getMinSection(world) + 1;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTotalLightSections(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMaxLightSection(world) - getMinLightSection(world) + 1;
+    }
+
+    public static int getMinBlockY(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMinSection(world) << 4;
+    }
+
+    public static int getMaxBlockY(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return (getMaxSection(world) << 4) | 15;
+    }
+
+    private WorldUtil() {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/maplist/IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/maplist/IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fd814f1d65c111266a2b20f86561839a4cef755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/maplist/IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2IntLinkedOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2IntMap;
+import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+public final class IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<E> {
+
+    public static final int ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS = 1 << 0;
+
+    protected final Reference2IntLinkedOpenHashMap<E> indexMap;
+    protected int firstInvalidIndex = -1;
+
+    /* list impl */
+    protected E[] listElements;
+    protected int listSize;
+
+    protected final double maxFragFactor;
+
+    protected int iteratorCount;
+
+    private final boolean threadRestricted;
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet() {
+        this(16, 0.75f, 16, 0.2);
+    }
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet(final boolean threadRestricted) {
+        this(16, 0.75f, 16, 0.2, threadRestricted);
+    }
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet(final int setCapacity, final float setLoadFactor, final int arrayCapacity,
+                                           final double maxFragFactor) {
+        this(setCapacity, setLoadFactor, arrayCapacity, maxFragFactor, false);
+    }
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet(final int setCapacity, final float setLoadFactor, final int arrayCapacity,
+                                           final double maxFragFactor, final boolean threadRestricted) {
+        this.indexMap = new Reference2IntLinkedOpenHashMap<>(setCapacity, setLoadFactor);
+        this.indexMap.defaultReturnValue(-1);
+        this.maxFragFactor = maxFragFactor;
+        this.listElements = (E[])new Object[arrayCapacity];
+        this.threadRestricted = threadRestricted;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    public void check() {
+        int iterated = 0;
+        ReferenceOpenHashSet<E> check = new ReferenceOpenHashSet<>();
+        if (this.listElements != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < this.listSize; ++i) {
+                Object obj = this.listElements[i];
+                if (obj != null) {
+                    iterated++;
+                    if (!check.add((E)obj)) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("contains duplicate");
+                    }
+                    if (!this.contains((E)obj)) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("desync");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (iterated != this.size()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Size is mismatched! Got " + iterated + ", expected " + this.size());
+        }
+
+        check.clear();
+        iterated = 0;
+        for (final java.util.Iterator<E> iterator = this.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final E element = iterator.next();
+            iterated++;
+            if (!check.add(element)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("contains duplicate (iterator is wrong)");
+            }
+            if (!this.contains(element)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("desync (iterator is wrong)");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (iterated != this.size()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Size is mismatched! (iterator is wrong) Got " + iterated + ", expected " + this.size());
+        }
+    }
+    */
+
+    protected final boolean allowSafeIteration() {
+        return !this.threadRestricted || Bukkit.isPrimaryThread();
+    }
+
+    protected final double getFragFactor() {
+        return 1.0 - ((double)this.indexMap.size() / (double)this.listSize);
+    }
+
+    public int createRawIterator() {
+        if (this.allowSafeIteration()) {
+            ++this.iteratorCount;
+        }
+        if (this.indexMap.isEmpty()) {
+            return -1;
+        } else {
+            return this.firstInvalidIndex == 0 ? this.indexMap.getInt(this.indexMap.firstKey()) : 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int advanceRawIterator(final int index) {
+        final E[] elements = this.listElements;
+        int ret = index + 1;
+        for (int len = this.listSize; ret < len; ++ret) {
+            if (elements[ret] != null) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public void finishRawIterator() {
+        if (this.allowSafeIteration() && --this.iteratorCount == 0) {
+            if (this.getFragFactor() >= this.maxFragFactor) {
+                this.defrag();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean remove(final E element) {
+        final int index = this.indexMap.removeInt(element);
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            if (this.firstInvalidIndex < 0 || index < this.firstInvalidIndex) {
+                this.firstInvalidIndex = index;
+            }
+            if (this.listElements[index] != element) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            this.listElements[index] = null;
+            if (this.allowSafeIteration() && this.iteratorCount == 0 && this.getFragFactor() >= this.maxFragFactor) {
+                this.defrag();
+            }
+            //this.check();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final E element) {
+        return this.indexMap.containsKey(element);
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final E element) {
+        final int listSize = this.listSize;
+
+        final int previous = this.indexMap.putIfAbsent(element, listSize);
+        if (previous != -1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (listSize >= this.listElements.length) {
+            this.listElements = Arrays.copyOf(this.listElements, listSize * 2);
+        }
+        this.listElements[listSize] = element;
+        this.listSize = listSize + 1;
+
+        //this.check();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    protected void defrag() {
+        if (this.firstInvalidIndex < 0) {
+            return; // nothing to do
+        }
+
+        if (this.indexMap.isEmpty()) {
+            Arrays.fill(this.listElements, 0, this.listSize, null);
+            this.listSize = 0;
+            this.firstInvalidIndex = -1;
+            //this.check();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final E[] backingArray = this.listElements;
+
+        int lastValidIndex;
+        java.util.Iterator<Reference2IntMap.Entry<E>> iterator;
+
+        if (this.firstInvalidIndex == 0) {
+            iterator = this.indexMap.reference2IntEntrySet().fastIterator();
+            lastValidIndex = 0;
+        } else {
+            lastValidIndex = this.firstInvalidIndex;
+            final E key = backingArray[lastValidIndex - 1];
+            iterator = this.indexMap.reference2IntEntrySet().fastIterator(new Reference2IntMap.Entry<E>() {
+                @Override
+                public int getIntValue() {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public int setValue(int i) {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public E getKey() {
+                    return key;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            final Reference2IntMap.Entry<E> entry = iterator.next();
+
+            final int newIndex = lastValidIndex++;
+            backingArray[newIndex] = entry.getKey();
+            entry.setValue(newIndex);
+        }
+
+        // cleanup end
+        Arrays.fill(backingArray, lastValidIndex, this.listSize, null);
+        this.listSize = lastValidIndex;
+        this.firstInvalidIndex = -1;
+        //this.check();
+    }
+
+    public E rawGet(final int index) {
+        return this.listElements[index];
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        // always returns the correct amount - listSize can be different
+        return this.indexMap.size();
+    }
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.Iterator<E> iterator() {
+        return this.iterator(0);
+    }
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.Iterator<E> iterator(final int flags) {
+        if (this.allowSafeIteration()) {
+            ++this.iteratorCount;
+        }
+        return new BaseIterator<>(this, true, (flags & ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS) != 0 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : this.listSize);
+    }
+
+    public java.util.Iterator<E> unsafeIterator() {
+        return this.unsafeIterator(0);
+    }
+    public java.util.Iterator<E> unsafeIterator(final int flags) {
+        return new BaseIterator<>(this, false, (flags & ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS) != 0 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : this.listSize);
+    }
+
+    public static interface Iterator<E> extends java.util.Iterator<E> {
+
+        public void finishedIterating();
+
+    }
+
+    protected static final class BaseIterator<E> implements IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.Iterator<E> {
+
+        protected final IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<E> set;
+        protected final boolean canFinish;
+        protected final int maxIndex;
+        protected int nextIndex;
+        protected E pendingValue;
+        protected boolean finished;
+        protected E lastReturned;
+
+        protected BaseIterator(final IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<E> set, final boolean canFinish, final int maxIndex) {
+            this.set = set;
+            this.canFinish = canFinish;
+            this.maxIndex = maxIndex;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean hasNext() {
+            if (this.finished) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (this.pendingValue != null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            final E[] elements = this.set.listElements;
+            int index, len;
+            for (index = this.nextIndex, len = Math.min(this.maxIndex, this.set.listSize); index < len; ++index) {
+                final E element = elements[index];
+                if (element != null) {
+                    this.pendingValue = element;
+                    this.nextIndex = index + 1;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            this.nextIndex = index;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public E next() {
+            if (!this.hasNext()) {
+                throw new NoSuchElementException();
+            }
+            final E ret = this.pendingValue;
+
+            this.pendingValue = null;
+            this.lastReturned = ret;
+
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void remove() {
+            final E lastReturned = this.lastReturned;
+            if (lastReturned == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            this.lastReturned = null;
+            this.set.remove(lastReturned);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void finishedIterating() {
+            if (this.finished || !this.canFinish) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            this.lastReturned = null;
+            this.finished = true;
+            if (this.set.allowSafeIteration()) {
+                this.set.finishRawIterator();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..470402573bc31106d5a63e415b958fb7f9c36aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D.java
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util.misc;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.CoordinateUtils;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ByteOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongLinkedOpenHashSet;
+
+public final class Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D {
+
+    // this map is considered "stale" unless updates are propagated.
+    protected final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.LevelMap levels = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.LevelMap(8192*2, 0.6f);
+
+    // this map is never stale
+    protected final Long2ByteOpenHashMap sources = new Long2ByteOpenHashMap(4096, 0.6f);
+
+    // Generally updates to positions are made close to other updates, so we link to decrease cache misses when
+    // propagating updates
+    protected final LongLinkedOpenHashSet updatedSources = new LongLinkedOpenHashSet();
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface LevelChangeCallback {
+
+        /**
+         * This can be called for intermediate updates. So do not rely on newLevel being close to or
+         * the exact level that is expected after a full propagation has occured.
+         */
+        public void onLevelUpdate(final long coordinate, final byte oldLevel, final byte newLevel);
+
+    }
+
+    protected final LevelChangeCallback changeCallback;
+
+    public Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D() {
+        this(null);
+    }
+
+    public Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D(final LevelChangeCallback changeCallback) {
+        this.changeCallback = changeCallback;
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel(final long pos) {
+        return this.levels.get(pos);
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return this.levels.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(x, y, z));
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(final int x, final int y, final int z, final int level) {
+        this.setSource(CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(x, y, z), level);
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(final long coordinate, final int level) {
+        if ((level & 63) != level || level == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Level must be in (0, 63], not " + level);
+        }
+
+        final byte byteLevel = (byte)level;
+        final byte oldLevel = this.sources.put(coordinate, byteLevel);
+
+        if (oldLevel == byteLevel) {
+            return; // nothing to do
+        }
+
+        // queue to update later
+        this.updatedSources.add(coordinate);
+    }
+
+    public void removeSource(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        this.removeSource(CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(x, y, z));
+    }
+
+    public void removeSource(final long coordinate) {
+        if (this.sources.remove(coordinate) != 0) {
+            this.updatedSources.add(coordinate);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // queues used for BFS propagating levels
+    protected final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue[] levelIncreaseWorkQueues = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue[64];
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues.length; ++i) {
+            this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[i] = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue();
+        }
+    }
+    protected final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue[] levelRemoveWorkQueues = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue[64];
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.levelRemoveWorkQueues.length; ++i) {
+            this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[i] = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue();
+        }
+    }
+    protected long levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset;
+    protected long levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset;
+
+    protected final void addToIncreaseWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte level) {
+        final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[level];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << level);
+    }
+
+    protected final void addToIncreaseWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte index, final byte level) {
+        final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[index];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << index);
+    }
+
+    protected final void addToRemoveWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte level) {
+        final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[level];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << level);
+    }
+
+    public boolean propagateUpdates() {
+        if (this.updatedSources.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        boolean ret = false;
+
+        for (final LongIterator iterator = this.updatedSources.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final long coordinate = iterator.nextLong();
+
+            final byte currentLevel = this.levels.get(coordinate);
+            final byte updatedSource = this.sources.get(coordinate);
+
+            if (currentLevel == updatedSource) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            ret = true;
+
+            if (updatedSource > currentLevel) {
+                // level increase
+                this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, updatedSource);
+            } else {
+                // level decrease
+                this.addToRemoveWorkQueue(coordinate, currentLevel);
+                // if the current coordinate is a source, then the decrease propagation will detect that and queue
+                // the source propagation
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.updatedSources.clear();
+
+        // propagate source level increases first for performance reasons (in crowded areas hopefully the additions
+        // make the removes remove less)
+        this.propagateIncreases();
+
+        // now we propagate the decreases (which will then re-propagate clobbered sources)
+        this.propagateDecreases();
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateIncreases() {
+        for (int queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset);
+             this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset != 0L;
+             this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset ^= (1L << queueIndex), queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset)) {
+
+            final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[queueIndex];
+            while (!queue.queuedLevels.isEmpty()) {
+                final long coordinate = queue.queuedCoordinates.removeFirstLong();
+                byte level = queue.queuedLevels.removeFirstByte();
+
+                final boolean neighbourCheck = level < 0;
+
+                final byte currentLevel;
+                if (neighbourCheck) {
+                    level = (byte)-level;
+                    currentLevel = this.levels.get(coordinate);
+                } else {
+                    currentLevel = this.levels.putIfGreater(coordinate, level);
+                }
+
+                if (neighbourCheck) {
+                    // used when propagating from decrease to indicate that this level needs to check its neighbours
+                    // this means the level at coordinate could be equal, but would still need neighbours checked
+
+                    if (currentLevel != level) {
+                        // something caused the level to change, which means something propagated to it (which means
+                        // us propagating here is redundant), or something removed the level (which means we
+                        // cannot propagate further)
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } else if (currentLevel >= level) {
+                    // something higher/equal propagated
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (this.changeCallback != null) {
+                    this.changeCallback.onLevelUpdate(coordinate, currentLevel, level);
+                }
+
+                if (level == 1) {
+                    // can't propagate 0 to neighbours
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // propagate to neighbours
+                final byte neighbourLevel = (byte)(level - 1);
+                final int x = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionX(coordinate);
+                final int y = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionY(coordinate);
+                final int z = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionZ(coordinate);
+
+                for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; ++dy) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                            if ((dy | dz | dx) == 0) {
+                                // already propagated to coordinate
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // sure we can check the neighbour level in the map right now and avoid a propagation,
+                            // but then we would still have to recheck it when popping the value off of the queue!
+                            // so just avoid the double lookup
+                            final long neighbourCoordinate = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(dx + x, dy + y, dz + z);
+                            this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(neighbourCoordinate, neighbourLevel);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateDecreases() {
+        for (int queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset);
+             this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset != 0L;
+             this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset ^= (1L << queueIndex), queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset)) {
+
+            final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[queueIndex];
+            while (!queue.queuedLevels.isEmpty()) {
+                final long coordinate = queue.queuedCoordinates.removeFirstLong();
+                final byte level = queue.queuedLevels.removeFirstByte();
+
+                final byte currentLevel = this.levels.removeIfGreaterOrEqual(coordinate, level);
+                if (currentLevel == 0) {
+                    // something else removed
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (currentLevel > level) {
+                    // something higher propagated here or we hit the propagation of another source
+                    // in the second case we need to re-propagate because we could have just clobbered another source's
+                    // propagation
+                    this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, currentLevel, (byte)-currentLevel); // indicate to the increase code that the level's neighbours need checking
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (this.changeCallback != null) {
+                    this.changeCallback.onLevelUpdate(coordinate, currentLevel, (byte)0);
+                }
+
+                final byte source = this.sources.get(coordinate);
+                if (source != 0) {
+                    // must re-propagate source later
+                    this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, source);
+                }
+
+                if (level == 0) {
+                    // can't propagate -1 to neighbours
+                    // we have to check neighbours for removing 1 just in case the neighbour is 2
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // propagate to neighbours
+                final byte neighbourLevel = (byte)(level - 1);
+                final int x = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionX(coordinate);
+                final int y = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionY(coordinate);
+                final int z = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionZ(coordinate);
+
+                for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; ++dy) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                            if ((dy | dz | dx) == 0) {
+                                // already propagated to coordinate
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // sure we can check the neighbour level in the map right now and avoid a propagation,
+                            // but then we would still have to recheck it when popping the value off of the queue!
+                            // so just avoid the double lookup
+                            final long neighbourCoordinate = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(dx + x, dy + y, dz + z);
+                            this.addToRemoveWorkQueue(neighbourCoordinate, neighbourLevel);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // propagate sources we clobbered in the process
+        this.propagateIncreases();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d3dc8fba51bf5c0dceb06744781d1df2bbf2df6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.java
@@ -0,0 +1,718 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util.misc;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.HashCommon;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.bytes.ByteArrayFIFOQueue;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ByteOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayFIFOQueue;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongLinkedOpenHashSet;
+import net.minecraft.server.MCUtil;
+
+public final class Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D {
+
+    // Test
+    /*
+    protected static void test(int x, int z, com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.DistanceTrackingAreaMap<Ticket> reference, Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D test) {
+        int got = test.getLevel(x, z);
+
+        int expect = 0;
+        Object[] nearest = reference.getObjectsInRange(x, z) == null ? null : reference.getObjectsInRange(x, z).getBackingSet();
+        if (nearest != null) {
+            for (Object _obj : nearest) {
+                if (_obj instanceof Ticket) {
+                    Ticket ticket = (Ticket)_obj;
+                    long ticketCoord = reference.getLastCoordinate(ticket);
+                    int viewDistance = reference.getLastViewDistance(ticket);
+                    int distance = Math.max(com.destroystokyo.paper.util.math.IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(MCUtil.getCoordinateX(ticketCoord) - x),
+                            com.destroystokyo.paper.util.math.IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(ticketCoord) - z));
+                    int level = viewDistance - distance;
+                    if (level > expect) {
+                        expect = level;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (expect != got) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Expected " + expect + " at pos (" + x + "," + z + ") but got " + got);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class Ticket {
+
+        int x;
+        int z;
+
+        final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<Ticket> empty
+                = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(this);
+
+    }
+
+    public static void main(final String[] args) {
+        com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.DistanceTrackingAreaMap<Ticket> reference = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.DistanceTrackingAreaMap<Ticket>() {
+            @Override
+            protected com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<Ticket> getEmptySetFor(Ticket object) {
+                return object.empty;
+            }
+        };
+        Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D test = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D();
+
+        final int maxDistance = 64;
+        // test origin
+        {
+            Ticket originTicket = new Ticket();
+            int originDistance = 31;
+            // test single source
+            reference.add(originTicket, 0, 0, originDistance);
+            test.setSource(0, 0, originDistance); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -originDistance; dx <= originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -originDistance; dz <= originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+            // test single source decrease
+            reference.update(originTicket, 0, 0, originDistance/2);
+            test.setSource(0, 0, originDistance/2); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -originDistance; dx <= originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -originDistance; dz <= originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+            // test source increase
+            originDistance = 2*originDistance;
+            reference.update(originTicket, 0, 0, originDistance);
+            test.setSource(0, 0, originDistance); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -4*originDistance; dx <= 4*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -4*originDistance; dz <= 4*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            reference.remove(originTicket);
+            test.removeSource(0, 0); test.propagateUpdates();
+        }
+
+        // test multiple sources at origin
+        {
+            int originDistance = 31;
+            java.util.List<Ticket> list = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+                Ticket a = new Ticket();
+                list.add(a);
+                a.x = (i & 1) == 1 ? -i : i;
+                a.z = (i & 1) == 1 ? -i : i;
+            }
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.add(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -8*originDistance; dx <= 8*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -8*originDistance; dz <= 8*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket level decrease
+
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.update(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance/2);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance/2);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -8*originDistance; dx <= 8*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -8*originDistance; dz <= 8*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket level increase
+
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.update(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance*2);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance*2);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -16*originDistance; dx <= 16*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -16*originDistance; dz <= 16*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket remove
+            for (int i = 0, len = list.size(); i < len; ++i) {
+                if ((i & 3) != 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Ticket ticket = list.get(i);
+                reference.remove(ticket);
+                test.removeSource(ticket.x, ticket.z);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -16*originDistance; dx <= 16*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -16*originDistance; dz <= 16*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // now test at coordinate offsets
+        // test offset
+        {
+            Ticket originTicket = new Ticket();
+            int originDistance = 31;
+            int offX = 54432;
+            int offZ = -134567;
+            // test single source
+            reference.add(originTicket, offX, offZ, originDistance);
+            test.setSource(offX, offZ, originDistance); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -originDistance; dx <= originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -originDistance; dz <= originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx + offX, dz + offZ, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+            // test single source decrease
+            reference.update(originTicket, offX, offZ, originDistance/2);
+            test.setSource(offX, offZ, originDistance/2); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -originDistance; dx <= originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -originDistance; dz <= originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx + offX, dz + offZ, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+            // test source increase
+            originDistance = 2*originDistance;
+            reference.update(originTicket, offX, offZ, originDistance);
+            test.setSource(offX, offZ, originDistance); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -4*originDistance; dx <= 4*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -4*originDistance; dz <= 4*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx + offX, dz + offZ, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            reference.remove(originTicket);
+            test.removeSource(offX, offZ); test.propagateUpdates();
+        }
+
+        // test multiple sources at origin
+        {
+            int originDistance = 31;
+            int offX = 54432;
+            int offZ = -134567;
+            java.util.List<Ticket> list = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+                Ticket a = new Ticket();
+                list.add(a);
+                a.x = offX + ((i & 1) == 1 ? -i : i);
+                a.z = offZ + ((i & 1) == 1 ? -i : i);
+            }
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.add(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -8*originDistance; dx <= 8*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -8*originDistance; dz <= 8*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket level decrease
+
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.update(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance/2);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance/2);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -8*originDistance; dx <= 8*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -8*originDistance; dz <= 8*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket level increase
+
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.update(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance*2);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance*2);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -16*originDistance; dx <= 16*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -16*originDistance; dz <= 16*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket remove
+            for (int i = 0, len = list.size(); i < len; ++i) {
+                if ((i & 3) != 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Ticket ticket = list.get(i);
+                reference.remove(ticket);
+                test.removeSource(ticket.x, ticket.z);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -16*originDistance; dx <= 16*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -16*originDistance; dz <= 16*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+     */
+
+    // this map is considered "stale" unless updates are propagated.
+    protected final LevelMap levels = new LevelMap(8192*2, 0.6f);
+
+    // this map is never stale
+    protected final Long2ByteOpenHashMap sources = new Long2ByteOpenHashMap(4096, 0.6f);
+
+    // Generally updates to positions are made close to other updates, so we link to decrease cache misses when
+    // propagating updates
+    protected final LongLinkedOpenHashSet updatedSources = new LongLinkedOpenHashSet();
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface LevelChangeCallback {
+
+        /**
+         * This can be called for intermediate updates. So do not rely on newLevel being close to or
+         * the exact level that is expected after a full propagation has occured.
+         */
+        public void onLevelUpdate(final long coordinate, final byte oldLevel, final byte newLevel);
+
+    }
+
+    protected final LevelChangeCallback changeCallback;
+
+    public Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D() {
+        this(null);
+    }
+
+    public Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D(final LevelChangeCallback changeCallback) {
+        this.changeCallback = changeCallback;
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel(final long pos) {
+        return this.levels.get(pos);
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel(final int x, final int z) {
+        return this.levels.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x, z));
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(final int x, final int z, final int level) {
+        this.setSource(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x, z), level);
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(final long coordinate, final int level) {
+        if ((level & 63) != level || level == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Level must be in (0, 63], not " + level);
+        }
+
+        final byte byteLevel = (byte)level;
+        final byte oldLevel = this.sources.put(coordinate, byteLevel);
+
+        if (oldLevel == byteLevel) {
+            return; // nothing to do
+        }
+
+        // queue to update later
+        this.updatedSources.add(coordinate);
+    }
+
+    public void removeSource(final int x, final int z) {
+        this.removeSource(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x, z));
+    }
+
+    public void removeSource(final long coordinate) {
+        if (this.sources.remove(coordinate) != 0) {
+            this.updatedSources.add(coordinate);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // queues used for BFS propagating levels
+    protected final WorkQueue[] levelIncreaseWorkQueues = new WorkQueue[64];
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues.length; ++i) {
+            this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[i] = new WorkQueue();
+        }
+    }
+    protected final WorkQueue[] levelRemoveWorkQueues = new WorkQueue[64];
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.levelRemoveWorkQueues.length; ++i) {
+            this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[i] = new WorkQueue();
+        }
+    }
+    protected long levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset;
+    protected long levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset;
+
+    protected final void addToIncreaseWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte level) {
+        final WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[level];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << level);
+    }
+
+    protected final void addToIncreaseWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte index, final byte level) {
+        final WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[index];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << index);
+    }
+
+    protected final void addToRemoveWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte level) {
+        final WorkQueue queue = this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[level];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << level);
+    }
+
+    public boolean propagateUpdates() {
+        if (this.updatedSources.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        boolean ret = false;
+
+        for (final LongIterator iterator = this.updatedSources.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final long coordinate = iterator.nextLong();
+
+            final byte currentLevel = this.levels.get(coordinate);
+            final byte updatedSource = this.sources.get(coordinate);
+
+            if (currentLevel == updatedSource) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            ret = true;
+
+            if (updatedSource > currentLevel) {
+                // level increase
+                this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, updatedSource);
+            } else {
+                // level decrease
+                this.addToRemoveWorkQueue(coordinate, currentLevel);
+                // if the current coordinate is a source, then the decrease propagation will detect that and queue
+                // the source propagation
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.updatedSources.clear();
+
+        // propagate source level increases first for performance reasons (in crowded areas hopefully the additions
+        // make the removes remove less)
+        this.propagateIncreases();
+
+        // now we propagate the decreases (which will then re-propagate clobbered sources)
+        this.propagateDecreases();
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateIncreases() {
+        for (int queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset);
+             this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset != 0L;
+             this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset ^= (1L << queueIndex), queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset)) {
+
+            final WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[queueIndex];
+            while (!queue.queuedLevels.isEmpty()) {
+                final long coordinate = queue.queuedCoordinates.removeFirstLong();
+                byte level = queue.queuedLevels.removeFirstByte();
+
+                final boolean neighbourCheck = level < 0;
+
+                final byte currentLevel;
+                if (neighbourCheck) {
+                    level = (byte)-level;
+                    currentLevel = this.levels.get(coordinate);
+                } else {
+                    currentLevel = this.levels.putIfGreater(coordinate, level);
+                }
+
+                if (neighbourCheck) {
+                    // used when propagating from decrease to indicate that this level needs to check its neighbours
+                    // this means the level at coordinate could be equal, but would still need neighbours checked
+
+                    if (currentLevel != level) {
+                        // something caused the level to change, which means something propagated to it (which means
+                        // us propagating here is redundant), or something removed the level (which means we
+                        // cannot propagate further)
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } else if (currentLevel >= level) {
+                    // something higher/equal propagated
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (this.changeCallback != null) {
+                    this.changeCallback.onLevelUpdate(coordinate, currentLevel, level);
+                }
+
+                if (level == 1) {
+                    // can't propagate 0 to neighbours
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // propagate to neighbours
+                final byte neighbourLevel = (byte)(level - 1);
+                final int x = (int)coordinate;
+                final int z = (int)(coordinate >>> 32);
+
+                for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        if ((dx | dz) == 0) {
+                            // already propagated to coordinate
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // sure we can check the neighbour level in the map right now and avoid a propagation,
+                        // but then we would still have to recheck it when popping the value off of the queue!
+                        // so just avoid the double lookup
+                        final long neighbourCoordinate = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x + dx, z + dz);
+                        this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(neighbourCoordinate, neighbourLevel);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateDecreases() {
+        for (int queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset);
+             this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset != 0L;
+             this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset ^= (1L << queueIndex), queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset)) {
+
+            final WorkQueue queue = this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[queueIndex];
+            while (!queue.queuedLevels.isEmpty()) {
+                final long coordinate = queue.queuedCoordinates.removeFirstLong();
+                final byte level = queue.queuedLevels.removeFirstByte();
+
+                final byte currentLevel = this.levels.removeIfGreaterOrEqual(coordinate, level);
+                if (currentLevel == 0) {
+                    // something else removed
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (currentLevel > level) {
+                    // something higher propagated here or we hit the propagation of another source
+                    // in the second case we need to re-propagate because we could have just clobbered another source's
+                    // propagation
+                    this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, currentLevel, (byte)-currentLevel); // indicate to the increase code that the level's neighbours need checking
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (this.changeCallback != null) {
+                    this.changeCallback.onLevelUpdate(coordinate, currentLevel, (byte)0);
+                }
+
+                final byte source = this.sources.get(coordinate);
+                if (source != 0) {
+                    // must re-propagate source later
+                    this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, source);
+                }
+
+                if (level == 0) {
+                    // can't propagate -1 to neighbours
+                    // we have to check neighbours for removing 1 just in case the neighbour is 2
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // propagate to neighbours
+                final byte neighbourLevel = (byte)(level - 1);
+                final int x = (int)coordinate;
+                final int z = (int)(coordinate >>> 32);
+
+                for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        if ((dx | dz) == 0) {
+                            // already propagated to coordinate
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // sure we can check the neighbour level in the map right now and avoid a propagation,
+                        // but then we would still have to recheck it when popping the value off of the queue!
+                        // so just avoid the double lookup
+                        final long neighbourCoordinate = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x + dx, z + dz);
+                        this.addToRemoveWorkQueue(neighbourCoordinate, neighbourLevel);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // propagate sources we clobbered in the process
+        this.propagateIncreases();
+    }
+
+    protected static final class LevelMap extends Long2ByteOpenHashMap {
+        public LevelMap() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        public LevelMap(final int expected, final float loadFactor) {
+            super(expected, loadFactor);
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        private int find(final long k) {
+            if (k == 0L) {
+                return this.containsNullKey ? this.n : -(this.n + 1);
+            } else {
+                final long[] key = this.key;
+                long curr;
+                int pos;
+                if ((curr = key[pos = (int)HashCommon.mix(k) & this.mask]) == 0L) {
+                    return -(pos + 1);
+                } else if (k == curr) {
+                    return pos;
+                } else {
+                    while((curr = key[pos = pos + 1 & this.mask]) != 0L) {
+                        if (k == curr) {
+                            return pos;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return -(pos + 1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        private void insert(final int pos, final long k, final byte v) {
+            if (pos == this.n) {
+                this.containsNullKey = true;
+            }
+
+            this.key[pos] = k;
+            this.value[pos] = v;
+            if (this.size++ >= this.maxFill) {
+                this.rehash(HashCommon.arraySize(this.size + 1, this.f));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        public byte putIfGreater(final long key, final byte value) {
+            final int pos = this.find(key);
+            if (pos < 0) {
+                if (this.defRetValue < value) {
+                    this.insert(-pos - 1, key, value);
+                }
+                return this.defRetValue;
+            } else {
+                final byte curr = this.value[pos];
+                if (value > curr) {
+                    this.value[pos] = value;
+                    return curr;
+                }
+                return curr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        private void removeEntry(final int pos) {
+            --this.size;
+            this.shiftKeys(pos);
+            if (this.n > this.minN && this.size < this.maxFill / 4 && this.n > 16) {
+                this.rehash(this.n / 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        private void removeNullEntry() {
+            this.containsNullKey = false;
+            --this.size;
+            if (this.n > this.minN && this.size < this.maxFill / 4 && this.n > 16) {
+                this.rehash(this.n / 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        public byte removeIfGreaterOrEqual(final long key, final byte value) {
+            if (key == 0L) {
+                if (!this.containsNullKey) {
+                    return this.defRetValue;
+                }
+                final byte current = this.value[this.n];
+                if (value >= current) {
+                    this.removeNullEntry();
+                    return current;
+                }
+                return current;
+            } else {
+                long[] keys = this.key;
+                byte[] values = this.value;
+                long curr;
+                int pos;
+                if ((curr = keys[pos = (int)HashCommon.mix(key) & this.mask]) == 0L) {
+                    return this.defRetValue;
+                } else if (key == curr) {
+                    final byte current = values[pos];
+                    if (value >= current) {
+                        this.removeEntry(pos);
+                        return current;
+                    }
+                    return current;
+                } else {
+                    while((curr = keys[pos = pos + 1 & this.mask]) != 0L) {
+                        if (key == curr) {
+                            final byte current = values[pos];
+                            if (value >= current) {
+                                this.removeEntry(pos);
+                                return current;
+                            }
+                            return current;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return this.defRetValue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static final class WorkQueue {
+
+        public final NoResizeLongArrayFIFODeque queuedCoordinates = new NoResizeLongArrayFIFODeque();
+        public final NoResizeByteArrayFIFODeque queuedLevels = new NoResizeByteArrayFIFODeque();
+
+    }
+
+    protected static final class NoResizeLongArrayFIFODeque extends LongArrayFIFOQueue {
+
+        /**
+         * Assumes non-empty. If empty, undefined behaviour.
+         */
+        public long removeFirstLong() {
+            // copied from superclass
+            long t = this.array[this.start];
+            if (++this.start == this.length) {
+                this.start = 0;
+            }
+
+            return t;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static final class NoResizeByteArrayFIFODeque extends ByteArrayFIFOQueue {
+
+        /**
+         * Assumes non-empty. If empty, undefined behaviour.
+         */
+        public byte removeFirstByte() {
+            // copied from superclass
+            byte t = this.array[this.start];
+            if (++this.start == this.length) {
+                this.start = 0;
+            }
+
+            return t;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/Util.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/Util.java
index 58dbe9077fc12964477d6a6fb57d67c41865412c..3ed0bf0485266c0a2b459f5cc1940f85f74e3624 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/Util.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/Util.java
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public class Util {
     }
 
     public static long getNanos() {
-        return timeSource.getAsLong();
+        return System.nanoTime(); // Paper
     }
 
     public static long getEpochMillis() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/core/BlockPos.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/core/BlockPos.java
index 53f438b3747ff20dd18bc757b5b672aaa9db7b81..5f23b9ab6540530acac623d2cd8e9ec5d0064f39 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/core/BlockPos.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/core/BlockPos.java
@@ -531,6 +531,7 @@ public class BlockPos extends Vec3i {
             }
         }
 
+        // Paper start - comment out useless overrides @Override - TODO figure out why this is suddenly important to keep
         @Override
         public BlockPos.MutableBlockPos setX(int i) {
             super.setX(i);
@@ -548,6 +549,7 @@ public class BlockPos extends Vec3i {
             super.setZ(i);
             return this;
         }
+        // Paper end
 
         @Override
         public BlockPos immutable() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/nbt/CompoundTag.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/nbt/CompoundTag.java
index cbe273a012bedc3914b8cf1f5ad1fee1dfee6a7e..d0b523387a194d1649469e8d861b0b78a2f4e0b6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/nbt/CompoundTag.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/nbt/CompoundTag.java
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public class CompoundTag implements Tag {
             return "TAG_Compound";
         }
     };
-    private final Map<String, Tag> tags;
+    public final Map<String, Tag> tags; // Paper
 
     protected CompoundTag(Map<String, Tag> entries) {
         this.tags = entries;
@@ -185,6 +185,10 @@ public class CompoundTag implements Tag {
         this.tags.put(key, NbtUtils.createUUID(value));
     }
 
+
+    /**
+     * You must use {@link #hasUUID(String)} before or else it <b>will</b> throw an NPE.
+     */
     public UUID getUUID(String key) {
         return NbtUtils.loadUUID(this.get(key));
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/PacketEncoder.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/PacketEncoder.java
index 4ea6c2f0ac4703a5d67137073a5da0c39d77bdce..b964121f19e6a28df7675e65441c551a55316753 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/PacketEncoder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/PacketEncoder.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public class PacketEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Packet<?>> {
                         JvmProfiler.INSTANCE.onPacketSent(k, integer, channelHandlerContext.channel().remoteAddress(), j);
                     }
                 } catch (Throwable var10) {
-                    LOGGER.error(var10);
+                    LOGGER.error("Packet encoding of packet ID {} threw (skippable? {})", integer, packet.isSkippable(), var10); // Paper - Give proper error message
                     if (packet.isSkippable()) {
                         throw new SkipPacketException(var10);
                     } else {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MCUtil.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MCUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff4def7ec3dcfa30fdc0135bd1add8e47989fb36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MCUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+package net.minecraft.server;
+
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectRBTreeSet;
+import java.lang.ref.Cleaner;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.core.Direction;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ClipContext;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.exception.ExceptionUtils;
+import org.bukkit.Location;
+import org.bukkit.block.BlockFace;
+import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.CraftWorld;
+import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.util.Waitable;
+import org.spigotmc.AsyncCatcher;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public final class MCUtil {
+    public static final ThreadPoolExecutor asyncExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
+        0, 2, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
+        new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
+        new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("Paper Async Task Handler Thread - %1$d").build()
+    );
+    public static final ThreadPoolExecutor cleanerExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
+        1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
+        new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
+        new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("Paper Object Cleaner").build()
+    );
+
+    public static final long INVALID_CHUNK_KEY = getCoordinateKey(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+
+
+    public static Runnable once(Runnable run) {
+        AtomicBoolean ran = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        return () -> {
+            if (ran.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                run.run();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static <T> Runnable once(List<T> list, Consumer<T> cb) {
+        return once(() -> {
+            list.forEach(cb);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static Runnable makeCleanerCallback(Runnable run) {
+        return once(() -> cleanerExecutor.execute(run));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DANGER WILL ROBINSON: Be sure you do not use a lambda that lives in the object being monitored, or leaky leaky!
+     * @param obj
+     * @param run
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Runnable registerCleaner(Object obj, Runnable run) {
+        // Wrap callback in its own method above or the lambda will leak object
+        Runnable cleaner = makeCleanerCallback(run);
+        CleanerHolder.CLEANER.register(obj, cleaner);
+        return cleaner;
+    }
+
+    private static final class CleanerHolder {
+        private static final Cleaner CLEANER = Cleaner.create();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DANGER WILL ROBINSON: Be sure you do not use a lambda that lives in the object being monitored, or leaky leaky!
+     * @param obj
+     * @param list
+     * @param cleaner
+     * @param <T>
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static <T> Runnable registerListCleaner(Object obj, List<T> list, Consumer<T> cleaner) {
+        return registerCleaner(obj, () -> {
+            list.forEach(cleaner);
+            list.clear();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DANGER WILL ROBINSON: Be sure you do not use a lambda that lives in the object being monitored, or leaky leaky!
+     * @param obj
+     * @param resource
+     * @param cleaner
+     * @param <T>
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static <T> Runnable registerCleaner(Object obj, T resource, java.util.function.Consumer<T> cleaner) {
+        return registerCleaner(obj, () -> cleaner.accept(resource));
+    }
+
+    public static List<ChunkPos> getSpiralOutChunks(BlockPos blockposition, int radius) {
+        List<ChunkPos> list = com.google.common.collect.Lists.newArrayList();
+
+        list.add(new ChunkPos(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4));
+        for (int r = 1; r <= radius; r++) {
+            int x = -r;
+            int z = r;
+
+            // Iterates the edge of half of the box; then negates for other half.
+            while (x <= r && z > -r) {
+                list.add(new ChunkPos((blockposition.getX() + (x << 4)) >> 4, (blockposition.getZ() + (z << 4)) >> 4));
+                list.add(new ChunkPos((blockposition.getX() - (x << 4)) >> 4, (blockposition.getZ() - (z << 4)) >> 4));
+
+                if (x < r) {
+                    x++;
+                } else {
+                    z--;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    public static int fastFloor(double x) {
+        int truncated = (int)x;
+        return x < (double)truncated ? truncated - 1 : truncated;
+    }
+
+    public static int fastFloor(float x) {
+        int truncated = (int)x;
+        return x < (double)truncated ? truncated - 1 : truncated;
+    }
+
+    public static float normalizeYaw(float f) {
+        float f1 = f % 360.0F;
+
+        if (f1 >= 180.0F) {
+            f1 -= 360.0F;
+        }
+
+        if (f1 < -180.0F) {
+            f1 += 360.0F;
+        }
+
+        return f1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Quickly generate a stack trace for current location
+     *
+     * @return Stacktrace
+     */
+    public static String stack() {
+        return ExceptionUtils.getFullStackTrace(new Throwable());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Quickly generate a stack trace for current location with message
+     *
+     * @param str
+     * @return Stacktrace
+     */
+    public static String stack(String str) {
+        return ExceptionUtils.getFullStackTrace(new Throwable(str));
+    }
+
+    public static long getCoordinateKey(final BlockPos blockPos) {
+        return ((long)(blockPos.getZ() >> 4) << 32) | ((blockPos.getX() >> 4) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getCoordinateKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return ((long)(MCUtil.fastFloor(entity.getZ()) >> 4) << 32) | ((MCUtil.fastFloor(entity.getX()) >> 4) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getCoordinateKey(final ChunkPos pair) {
+        return ((long)pair.z << 32) | (pair.x & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getCoordinateKey(final int x, final int z) {
+        return ((long)z << 32) | (x & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static int getCoordinateX(final long key) {
+        return (int)key;
+    }
+
+    public static int getCoordinateZ(final long key) {
+        return (int)(key >>> 32);
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkCoordinate(final double coordinate) {
+        return MCUtil.fastFloor(coordinate) >> 4;
+    }
+
+    public static int getBlockCoordinate(final double coordinate) {
+        return MCUtil.fastFloor(coordinate);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return ((long)x & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)z & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)y << 54);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return ((long)pos.getX() & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)pos.getZ() & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)pos.getY() << 54);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return getBlockKey(getBlockCoordinate(entity.getX()), getBlockCoordinate(entity.getY()), getBlockCoordinate(entity.getZ()));
+    }
+
+    // assumes the sets have the same comparator, and if this comparator is null then assume T is Comparable
+    public static <T> void mergeSortedSets(final java.util.function.Consumer<T> consumer, final java.util.Comparator<? super T> comparator, final java.util.SortedSet<T>...sets) {
+        final ObjectRBTreeSet<T> all = new ObjectRBTreeSet<>(comparator);
+        // note: this is done in log(n!) ~ nlogn time. It could be improved if it were to mimic what mergesort does.
+        for (java.util.SortedSet<T> set : sets) {
+            if (set != null) {
+                all.addAll(set);
+            }
+        }
+        all.forEach(consumer);
+    }
+
+    private MCUtil() {}
+
+    public static final java.util.concurrent.Executor MAIN_EXECUTOR = (run) -> {
+        if (!isMainThread()) {
+            MinecraftServer.getServer().execute(run);
+        } else {
+            run.run();
+        }
+    };
+
+    public static <T> CompletableFuture<T> ensureMain(CompletableFuture<T> future) {
+        return future.thenApplyAsync(r -> r, MAIN_EXECUTOR);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> void thenOnMain(CompletableFuture<T> future, Consumer<T> consumer) {
+        future.thenAcceptAsync(consumer, MAIN_EXECUTOR);
+    }
+    public static <T> void thenOnMain(CompletableFuture<T> future, BiConsumer<T, Throwable> consumer) {
+        future.whenCompleteAsync(consumer, MAIN_EXECUTOR);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isMainThread() {
+        return MinecraftServer.getServer().isSameThread();
+    }
+
+    public static org.bukkit.scheduler.BukkitTask scheduleTask(int ticks, Runnable runnable) {
+        return scheduleTask(ticks, runnable, null);
+    }
+
+    public static org.bukkit.scheduler.BukkitTask scheduleTask(int ticks, Runnable runnable, String taskName) {
+        return MinecraftServer.getServer().server.getScheduler().scheduleInternalTask(runnable, ticks, taskName);
+    }
+
+    public static void processQueue() {
+        Runnable runnable;
+        Queue<Runnable> processQueue = getProcessQueue();
+        while ((runnable = processQueue.poll()) != null) {
+            try {
+                runnable.run();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error("Error executing task", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    public static <T> T processQueueWhileWaiting(CompletableFuture <T> future) {
+        try {
+            if (isMainThread()) {
+                while (!future.isDone()) {
+                    try {
+                        return future.get(1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                    } catch (TimeoutException ignored) {
+                        processQueue();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return future.get();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void ensureMain(Runnable run) {
+        ensureMain(null, run);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Ensures the target code is running on the main thread
+     * @param reason
+     * @param run
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static void ensureMain(String reason, Runnable run) {
+        if (AsyncCatcher.enabled && Thread.currentThread() != MinecraftServer.getServer().serverThread) {
+            if (reason != null) {
+                new IllegalStateException("Asynchronous " + reason + "!").printStackTrace();
+            }
+            getProcessQueue().add(run);
+            return;
+        }
+        run.run();
+    }
+
+    private static Queue<Runnable> getProcessQueue() {
+        return MinecraftServer.getServer().processQueue;
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T ensureMain(Supplier<T> run) {
+        return ensureMain(null, run);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Ensures the target code is running on the main thread
+     * @param reason
+     * @param run
+     * @param <T>
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static <T> T ensureMain(String reason, Supplier<T> run) {
+        if (AsyncCatcher.enabled && Thread.currentThread() != MinecraftServer.getServer().serverThread) {
+            if (reason != null) {
+                new IllegalStateException("Asynchronous " + reason + "! Blocking thread until it returns ").printStackTrace();
+            }
+            Waitable<T> wait = new Waitable<T>() {
+                @Override
+                protected T evaluate() {
+                    return run.get();
+                }
+            };
+            getProcessQueue().add(wait);
+            try {
+                return wait.get();
+            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return run.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates distance between 2 entities
+     * @param e1
+     * @param e2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distance(Entity e1, Entity e2) {
+        return Math.sqrt(distanceSq(e1, e2));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates distance between 2 block positions
+     * @param e1
+     * @param e2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distance(BlockPos e1, BlockPos e2) {
+        return Math.sqrt(distanceSq(e1, e2));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the distance between 2 positions
+     * @param x1
+     * @param y1
+     * @param z1
+     * @param x2
+     * @param y2
+     * @param z2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distance(double x1, double y1, double z1, double x2, double y2, double z2) {
+        return Math.sqrt(distanceSq(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get's the distance squared between 2 entities
+     * @param e1
+     * @param e2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distanceSq(Entity e1, Entity e2) {
+        return distanceSq(e1.getX(),e1.getY(),e1.getZ(), e2.getX(),e2.getY(),e2.getZ());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the distance sqaured between 2 block positions
+     * @param pos1
+     * @param pos2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distanceSq(BlockPos pos1, BlockPos pos2) {
+        return distanceSq(pos1.getX(), pos1.getY(), pos1.getZ(), pos2.getX(), pos2.getY(), pos2.getZ());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the distance squared between 2 positions
+     * @param x1
+     * @param y1
+     * @param z1
+     * @param x2
+     * @param y2
+     * @param z2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distanceSq(double x1, double y1, double z1, double x2, double y2, double z2) {
+        return (x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2) + (z1 - z2) * (z1 - z2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a NMS World/BlockPosition to Bukkit Location
+     * @param world
+     * @param x
+     * @param y
+     * @param z
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Location toLocation(Level world, double x, double y, double z) {
+        return new Location(world.getWorld(), x, y, z);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a NMS World/BlockPosition to Bukkit Location
+     * @param world
+     * @param pos
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Location toLocation(Level world, BlockPos pos) {
+        return new Location(world.getWorld(), pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts an NMS entity's current location to a Bukkit Location
+     * @param entity
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Location toLocation(Entity entity) {
+        return new Location(entity.getCommandSenderWorld().getWorld(), entity.getX(), entity.getY(), entity.getZ());
+    }
+
+    public static org.bukkit.block.Block toBukkitBlock(Level world, BlockPos pos) {
+        return world.getWorld().getBlockAt(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
+    }
+
+    public static BlockPos toBlockPosition(Location loc) {
+        return new BlockPos(loc.getBlockX(), loc.getBlockY(), loc.getBlockZ());
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isEdgeOfChunk(BlockPos pos) {
+        final int modX = pos.getX() & 15;
+        final int modZ = pos.getZ() & 15;
+        return (modX == 0 || modX == 15 || modZ == 0 || modZ == 15);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Posts a task to be executed asynchronously
+     * @param run
+     */
+    public static void scheduleAsyncTask(Runnable run) {
+        asyncExecutor.execute(run);
+    }
+
+    @Nonnull
+    public static ServerLevel getNMSWorld(@Nonnull org.bukkit.World world) {
+        return ((CraftWorld) world).getHandle();
+    }
+
+    public static ServerLevel getNMSWorld(@Nonnull org.bukkit.entity.Entity entity) {
+        return getNMSWorld(entity.getWorld());
+    }
+
+    public static BlockFace toBukkitBlockFace(Direction enumDirection) {
+        switch (enumDirection) {
+            case DOWN:
+                return BlockFace.DOWN;
+            case UP:
+                return BlockFace.UP;
+            case NORTH:
+                return BlockFace.NORTH;
+            case SOUTH:
+                return BlockFace.SOUTH;
+            case WEST:
+                return BlockFace.WEST;
+            case EAST:
+                return BlockFace.EAST;
+            default:
+                return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int getTicketLevelFor(net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkStatus status) {
+        return net.minecraft.server.level.ChunkMap.MAX_VIEW_DISTANCE + net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkStatus.getDistance(status);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
index b06105d3920f68bcedb81359b0f62925421b338d..6fc450b66d381c6453498fa18d36570ef74b124d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
     public final double[] recentTps = new double[ 3 ];
     public final SlackActivityAccountant slackActivityAccountant = new SlackActivityAccountant();
     // Spigot end
+    public static long currentTickLong = 0L; // Paper
 
     public static <S extends MinecraftServer> S spin(Function<Thread, S> serverFactory) {
         AtomicReference<S> atomicreference = new AtomicReference();
@@ -948,6 +949,9 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
             MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error("Failed to unlock level {}", this.storageSource.getLevelId(), ioexception1);
         }
         // Spigot start
+        MCUtil.asyncExecutor.shutdown(); // Paper
+        try { MCUtil.asyncExecutor.awaitTermination(30, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS); // Paper
+        } catch (java.lang.InterruptedException ignored) {} // Paper
         if (org.spigotmc.SpigotConfig.saveUserCacheOnStopOnly) {
             MinecraftServer.LOGGER.info("Saving usercache.json");
             this.getProfileCache().save();
@@ -1010,6 +1014,7 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
                         this.lastOverloadWarning = this.nextTickTime;
                     }
 
+                    ++MinecraftServer.currentTickLong; // Paper
                     if ( tickCount++ % MinecraftServer.SAMPLE_INTERVAL == 0 )
                     {
                         double currentTps = 1E3 / ( curTime - tickSection ) * MinecraftServer.SAMPLE_INTERVAL;
@@ -1233,7 +1238,7 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
             MinecraftServer.LOGGER.debug("Autosave finished");
             SpigotTimings.worldSaveTimer.stopTiming(); // Spigot
         }
-
+        io.papermc.paper.util.CachedLists.reset(); // Paper
         this.profiler.push("tallying");
         long l = this.tickTimes[this.tickCount % 100] = Util.getNanos() - i;
 
@@ -1296,6 +1301,11 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
             try {
                 worldserver.timings.doTick.startTiming(); // Spigot
                 worldserver.tick(shouldKeepTicking);
+                // Paper start
+                for (final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager : worldserver.getChunkSource().chunkMap.regionManagers) {
+                    regionManager.recalculateRegions();
+                }
+                // Paper end
                 worldserver.timings.doTick.stopTiming(); // Spigot
             } catch (Throwable throwable) {
                 // Spigot Start
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder.java
index d2fbb6e28db27b3207879be3027bb74410a53900..303125c4d0f8f235703975eab5eccb9aa045ccf8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder.java
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
     private static final int BLOCKS_BEFORE_RESEND_FUDGE = 64;
     private final AtomicReferenceArray<CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>>> futures;
     private final LevelHeightAccessor levelHeightAccessor;
-    private volatile CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> fullChunkFuture;
-    private volatile CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> tickingChunkFuture;
-    private volatile CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> entityTickingChunkFuture;
+    private volatile CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> fullChunkFuture; private int fullChunkCreateCount; private volatile boolean isFullChunkReady; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
+    private volatile CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> tickingChunkFuture; private volatile boolean isTickingReady; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
+    private volatile CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> entityTickingChunkFuture; private volatile boolean isEntityTickingReady; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
     private CompletableFuture<ChunkAccess> chunkToSave;
     @Nullable
     private final DebugBuffer<ChunkHolder.ChunkSaveDebug> chunkToSaveHistory;
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
     private boolean resendLight;
     private CompletableFuture<Void> pendingFullStateConfirmation;
 
+    private final ChunkMap chunkMap; // Paper
+
     public ChunkHolder(ChunkPos pos, int level, LevelHeightAccessor world, LevelLightEngine lightingProvider, ChunkHolder.LevelChangeListener levelUpdateListener, ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider playersWatchingChunkProvider) {
         this.futures = new AtomicReferenceArray(ChunkHolder.CHUNK_STATUSES.size());
         this.fullChunkFuture = ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK_FUTURE;
@@ -90,10 +92,11 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         this.queueLevel = this.oldTicketLevel;
         this.setTicketLevel(level);
         this.changedBlocksPerSection = new ShortSet[world.getSectionsCount()];
+        this.chunkMap = (ChunkMap)playersWatchingChunkProvider; // Paper
     }
 
     // CraftBukkit start
-    public LevelChunk getFullChunk() {
+    public final LevelChunk getFullChunk() { // Paper - final for inline
         if (!ChunkHolder.getFullChunkStatus(this.oldTicketLevel).isOrAfter(ChunkHolder.FullChunkStatus.BORDER)) return null; // note: using oldTicketLevel for isLoaded checks
         return this.getFullChunkUnchecked();
     }
@@ -105,6 +108,21 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
     }
     // CraftBukkit end
 
+    // Paper start
+    public ChunkAccess getAvailableChunkNow() {
+        // TODO can we just getStatusFuture(EMPTY)?
+        for (ChunkStatus curr = ChunkStatus.FULL, next = curr.getParent(); curr != next; curr = next, next = next.getParent()) {
+            CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> future = this.getFutureIfPresentUnchecked(curr);
+            Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure> either = future.getNow(null);
+            if (either == null || !either.left().isPresent()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return either.left().get();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> getFutureIfPresentUnchecked(ChunkStatus leastStatus) {
         CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> completablefuture = (CompletableFuture) this.futures.get(leastStatus.getIndex());
 
@@ -115,20 +133,20 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         return ChunkHolder.getStatus(this.ticketLevel).isOrAfter(leastStatus) ? this.getFutureIfPresentUnchecked(leastStatus) : ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_CHUNK_FUTURE;
     }
 
-    public CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> getTickingChunkFuture() {
+    public final CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> getTickingChunkFuture() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.tickingChunkFuture;
     }
 
-    public CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> getEntityTickingChunkFuture() {
+    public final CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> getEntityTickingChunkFuture() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.entityTickingChunkFuture;
     }
 
-    public CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> getFullChunkFuture() {
+    public final CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> getFullChunkFuture() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.fullChunkFuture;
     }
 
     @Nullable
-    public LevelChunk getTickingChunk() {
+    public final LevelChunk getTickingChunk() { // Paper - final for inline
         CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> completablefuture = this.getTickingChunkFuture();
         Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure> either = (Either) completablefuture.getNow(null); // CraftBukkit - decompile error
 
@@ -149,6 +167,21 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         return null;
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    public ChunkStatus getChunkHolderStatus() {
+        for (ChunkStatus curr = ChunkStatus.FULL, next = curr.getParent(); curr != next; curr = next, next = next.getParent()) {
+            CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> future = this.getFutureIfPresentUnchecked(curr);
+            Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure> either = future.getNow(null);
+            if (either == null || !either.left().isPresent()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return curr;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Nullable
     public ChunkAccess getLastAvailable() {
         for (int i = ChunkHolder.CHUNK_STATUSES.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
@@ -167,7 +200,7 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         return null;
     }
 
-    public CompletableFuture<ChunkAccess> getChunkToSave() {
+    public final CompletableFuture<ChunkAccess> getChunkToSave() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.chunkToSave;
     }
 
@@ -325,11 +358,11 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         return ChunkHolder.getFullChunkStatus(this.ticketLevel);
     }
 
-    public ChunkPos getPos() {
+    public final ChunkPos getPos() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.pos;
     }
 
-    public int getTicketLevel() {
+    public final int getTicketLevel() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.ticketLevel;
     }
 
@@ -418,14 +451,27 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
 
         this.wasAccessibleSinceLastSave |= flag3;
         if (!flag2 && flag3) {
+            int expectCreateCount = ++this.fullChunkCreateCount; // Paper
             this.fullChunkFuture = chunkStorage.prepareAccessibleChunk(this);
             this.scheduleFullChunkPromotion(chunkStorage, this.fullChunkFuture, executor, ChunkHolder.FullChunkStatus.BORDER);
+            // Paper start - cache ticking ready status
+            this.fullChunkFuture.thenAccept(either -> {
+                final Optional<LevelChunk> left = either.left();
+                if (left.isPresent() && ChunkHolder.this.fullChunkCreateCount == expectCreateCount) {
+                    // note: Here is a very good place to add callbacks to logic waiting on this.
+                    LevelChunk fullChunk = either.left().get();
+                    ChunkHolder.this.isFullChunkReady = true;
+                    fullChunk.playerChunk = ChunkHolder.this;
+                }
+            });
             this.updateChunkToSave(this.fullChunkFuture, "full");
         }
 
         if (flag2 && !flag3) {
             this.fullChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK);
             this.fullChunkFuture = ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK_FUTURE;
+            ++this.fullChunkCreateCount; // Paper - cache ticking ready status
+            this.isFullChunkReady = false; // Paper - cache ticking ready status
         }
 
         boolean flag4 = playerchunk_state.isOrAfter(ChunkHolder.FullChunkStatus.TICKING);
@@ -434,12 +480,29 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         if (!flag4 && flag5) {
             this.tickingChunkFuture = chunkStorage.prepareTickingChunk(this);
             this.scheduleFullChunkPromotion(chunkStorage, this.tickingChunkFuture, executor, ChunkHolder.FullChunkStatus.TICKING);
+            // Paper start - cache ticking ready status
+            this.tickingChunkFuture.thenAccept(either -> {
+                either.ifLeft(chunk -> {
+                    // note: Here is a very good place to add callbacks to logic waiting on this.
+                    ChunkHolder.this.isTickingReady = true;
+                    // Paper start - ticking chunk set
+                    ChunkHolder.this.chunkMap.level.getChunkSource().tickingChunks.add(chunk);
+                    // Paper end - ticking chunk set
+                });
+            });
+            // Paper end
             this.updateChunkToSave(this.tickingChunkFuture, "ticking");
         }
 
         if (flag4 && !flag5) {
-            this.tickingChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK);
+            this.tickingChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK); this.isTickingReady = false; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
             this.tickingChunkFuture = ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK_FUTURE;
+            // Paper start - ticking chunk set
+            LevelChunk chunkIfCached = this.getFullChunkUnchecked();
+            if (chunkIfCached != null) {
+                this.chunkMap.level.getChunkSource().tickingChunks.remove(chunkIfCached);
+            }
+            // Paper end - ticking chunk set
         }
 
         boolean flag6 = playerchunk_state.isOrAfter(ChunkHolder.FullChunkStatus.ENTITY_TICKING);
@@ -452,12 +515,28 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
 
             this.entityTickingChunkFuture = chunkStorage.prepareEntityTickingChunk(this.pos);
             this.scheduleFullChunkPromotion(chunkStorage, this.entityTickingChunkFuture, executor, ChunkHolder.FullChunkStatus.ENTITY_TICKING);
+            // Paper start - cache ticking ready status
+            this.entityTickingChunkFuture.thenAccept(either -> {
+                either.ifLeft(chunk -> {
+                    ChunkHolder.this.isEntityTickingReady = true;
+                    // Paper start - entity ticking chunk set
+                    ChunkHolder.this.chunkMap.level.getChunkSource().entityTickingChunks.add(chunk);
+                    // Paper end - entity ticking chunk set
+                });
+            });
+            // Paper end
             this.updateChunkToSave(this.entityTickingChunkFuture, "entity ticking");
         }
 
         if (flag6 && !flag7) {
-            this.entityTickingChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK);
+            this.entityTickingChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK); this.isEntityTickingReady = false; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
             this.entityTickingChunkFuture = ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK_FUTURE;
+            // Paper start - entity ticking chunk set
+            LevelChunk chunkIfCached = this.getFullChunkUnchecked();
+            if (chunkIfCached != null) {
+                this.chunkMap.level.getChunkSource().entityTickingChunks.remove(chunkIfCached);
+            }
+            // Paper end - entity ticking chunk set
         }
 
         if (!playerchunk_state1.isOrAfter(playerchunk_state)) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkMap.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkMap.java
index 370a5c20e544f5ae03bc5b392aaa3f375d100bec..6e5a25db47b0de69303060ad172eae7c9b8b0905 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkMap.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkMap.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ import net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundSetChunkCacheCenterPacket;
 import net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundSetEntityLinkPacket;
 import net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundSetPassengersPacket;
 import net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.DebugPackets;
+import net.minecraft.server.MCUtil;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.progress.ChunkProgressListener;
 import net.minecraft.server.network.ServerPlayerConnection;
 import net.minecraft.util.CsvOutput;
@@ -156,6 +157,56 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
     };
     // CraftBukkit end
 
+    // Paper start - distance maps
+    private final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledLinkedPlayerHashSets = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets<>();
+
+    void addPlayerToDistanceMaps(ServerPlayer player) {
+        int chunkX = MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getX());
+        int chunkZ = MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getZ());
+        // Note: players need to be explicitly added to distance maps before they can be updated
+    }
+
+    void removePlayerFromDistanceMaps(ServerPlayer player) {
+
+    }
+
+    void updateMaps(ServerPlayer player) {
+        int chunkX = MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getX());
+        int chunkZ = MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getZ());
+        // Note: players need to be explicitly added to distance maps before they can be updated
+    }
+    // Paper end
+    // Paper start
+    public final List<io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager> regionManagers = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+    public final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager dataRegionManager;
+
+    public static final class DataRegionData implements io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.RegionData {
+    }
+
+    public static final class DataRegionSectionData implements io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.RegionSectionData {
+
+        @Override
+        public void removeFromRegion(final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.RegionSection section,
+                                     final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.Region from) {
+            final DataRegionSectionData sectionData = (DataRegionSectionData)section.sectionData;
+            final DataRegionData fromData = (DataRegionData)from.regionData;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void addToRegion(final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.RegionSection section,
+                                final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.Region oldRegion,
+                                final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.Region newRegion) {
+            final DataRegionSectionData sectionData = (DataRegionSectionData)section.sectionData;
+            final DataRegionData oldRegionData = oldRegion == null ? null : (DataRegionData)oldRegion.regionData;
+            final DataRegionData newRegionData = (DataRegionData)newRegion.regionData;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final ChunkHolder getUnloadingChunkHolder(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
+        return this.pendingUnloads.get(io.papermc.paper.util.CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public ChunkMap(ServerLevel world, LevelStorageSource.LevelStorageAccess session, DataFixer dataFixer, StructureManager structureManager, Executor executor, BlockableEventLoop<Runnable> mainThreadExecutor, LightChunkGetter chunkProvider, ChunkGenerator chunkGenerator, ChunkProgressListener worldGenerationProgressListener, ChunkStatusUpdateListener chunkStatusChangeListener, Supplier<DimensionDataStorage> persistentStateManagerFactory, int viewDistance, boolean dsync) {
         super(session.getDimensionPath(world.dimension()).resolve("region"), dataFixer, dsync);
         this.visibleChunkMap = this.updatingChunkMap.clone();
@@ -191,6 +242,10 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
         this.overworldDataStorage = persistentStateManagerFactory;
         this.poiManager = new PoiManager(path.resolve("poi"), dataFixer, dsync, world);
         this.setViewDistance(viewDistance);
+        // Paper start
+        this.dataRegionManager = new io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager(this.level, 2, (1.0 / 3.0), 1, 6, "Data", DataRegionData::new, DataRegionSectionData::new);
+        this.regionManagers.add(this.dataRegionManager);
+        // Paper end
     }
 
     protected ChunkGenerator generator() {
@@ -318,6 +373,14 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
         }
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    public final int getEffectiveViewDistance() {
+        // TODO this needs to be checked on update
+        // Mojang currently sets it to +1 of the configured view distance. So subtract one to get the one we really want.
+        return this.viewDistance - 1;
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     private CompletableFuture<Either<List<ChunkAccess>, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> getChunkRangeFuture(ChunkPos centerChunk, int margin, IntFunction<ChunkStatus> distanceToStatus) {
         List<CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>>> list = Lists.newArrayList();
         int j = centerChunk.x;
@@ -408,6 +471,11 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
                     holder.setTicketLevel(level);
                 } else {
                     holder = new ChunkHolder(new ChunkPos(pos), level, this.level, this.lightEngine, this.queueSorter, this);
+                    // Paper start
+                    for (int index = 0, len = this.regionManagers.size(); index < len; ++index) {
+                        this.regionManagers.get(index).addChunk(holder.pos.x, holder.pos.z);
+                    }
+                    // Paper end
                 }
 
                 this.updatingChunkMap.put(pos, holder);
@@ -532,7 +600,13 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
             if (completablefuture1 != completablefuture) {
                 this.scheduleUnload(pos, holder);
             } else {
-                if (this.pendingUnloads.remove(pos, holder) && ichunkaccess != null) {
+                // Paper start
+                boolean removed;
+                if ((removed = this.pendingUnloads.remove(pos, holder)) && ichunkaccess != null) {
+                    for (int index = 0, len = this.regionManagers.size(); index < len; ++index) {
+                        this.regionManagers.get(index).removeChunk(holder.pos.x, holder.pos.z);
+                    }
+                    // Paper end
                     if (ichunkaccess instanceof LevelChunk) {
                         ((LevelChunk) ichunkaccess).setLoaded(false);
                     }
@@ -547,7 +621,11 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
                     this.lightEngine.updateChunkStatus(ichunkaccess.getPos());
                     this.lightEngine.tryScheduleUpdate();
                     this.progressListener.onStatusChange(ichunkaccess.getPos(), (ChunkStatus) null);
-                }
+                } else if (removed) { // Paper start
+                    for (int index = 0, len = this.regionManagers.size(); index < len; ++index) {
+                        this.regionManagers.get(index).removeChunk(holder.pos.x, holder.pos.z);
+                    }
+                } // Paper end
 
             }
         };
@@ -1061,6 +1139,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
             if (!flag1) {
                 this.distanceManager.addPlayer(SectionPos.of((Entity) player), player);
             }
+            this.addPlayerToDistanceMaps(player); // Paper - distance maps
         } else {
             SectionPos sectionposition = player.getLastSectionPos();
 
@@ -1068,6 +1147,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
             if (!flag2) {
                 this.distanceManager.removePlayer(sectionposition, player);
             }
+            this.removePlayerFromDistanceMaps(player); // Paper - distance maps
         }
 
         for (int k = i - this.viewDistance; k <= i + this.viewDistance; ++k) {
@@ -1184,6 +1264,8 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
             }
         }
 
+        this.updateMaps(player); // Paper - distance maps
+
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
index a551683bc73db23d82bd2ca1e2c7c83e31e3c834..2616debed901b2dd0bd5ad3ea26ffce2d92dc6c1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
@@ -46,8 +46,11 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.structure.templatesystem.StructureMana
 import net.minecraft.world.level.storage.DimensionDataStorage;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.storage.LevelData;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.storage.LevelStorageSource;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap; // Paper
+import java.util.function.Function; // Paper
 
 public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
+    public static final org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger LOGGER = org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager.getLogger(); // Paper
 
     public static final List<ChunkStatus> CHUNK_STATUSES = ChunkStatus.getStatusList();
     private final DistanceManager distanceManager;
@@ -67,6 +70,334 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
     @Nullable
     @VisibleForDebug
     private NaturalSpawner.SpawnState lastSpawnState;
+    // Paper start
+    final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent.WeakSeqLock loadedChunkMapSeqLock = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent.WeakSeqLock();
+    final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<LevelChunk> loadedChunkMap = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>(8192, 0.5f);
+
+    private final LevelChunk[] lastLoadedChunks = new LevelChunk[4 * 4];
+
+    private static int getChunkCacheKey(int x, int z) {
+        return x & 3 | ((z & 3) << 2);
+    }
+
+    public void addLoadedChunk(LevelChunk chunk) {
+        this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+        try {
+            this.loadedChunkMap.put(chunk.coordinateKey, chunk);
+        } finally {
+            this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+        }
+
+        // rewrite cache if we have to
+        // we do this since we also cache null chunks
+        int cacheKey = getChunkCacheKey(chunk.locX, chunk.locZ);
+
+        this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey] = chunk;
+    }
+
+    public void removeLoadedChunk(LevelChunk chunk) {
+        this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+        try {
+            this.loadedChunkMap.remove(chunk.coordinateKey);
+        } finally {
+            this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+        }
+
+        // rewrite cache if we have to
+        // we do this since we also cache null chunks
+        int cacheKey = getChunkCacheKey(chunk.locX, chunk.locZ);
+
+        LevelChunk cachedChunk = this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey];
+        if (cachedChunk != null && cachedChunk.coordinateKey == chunk.coordinateKey) {
+            this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey] = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final LevelChunk getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThread(int x, int z) {
+        int cacheKey = getChunkCacheKey(x, z);
+
+        LevelChunk cachedChunk = this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey];
+        if (cachedChunk != null && cachedChunk.locX == x & cachedChunk.locZ == z) {
+            return this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey];
+        }
+
+        long chunkKey = ChunkPos.asLong(x, z);
+
+        cachedChunk = this.loadedChunkMap.get(chunkKey);
+        // Skipping a null check to avoid extra instructions to improve inline capability
+        this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey] = cachedChunk;
+        return cachedChunk;
+    }
+
+    public final LevelChunk getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThreadNoCache(int x, int z) {
+        return this.loadedChunkMap.get(ChunkPos.asLong(x, z));
+    }
+
+    public final LevelChunk getChunkAtMainThread(int x, int z) {
+        LevelChunk ret = this.getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThread(x, z);
+        if (ret != null) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+        return (LevelChunk)this.getChunk(x, z, ChunkStatus.FULL, true);
+    }
+
+    long chunkFutureAwaitCounter; // Paper - private -> package private
+
+    public void getEntityTickingChunkAsync(int x, int z, java.util.function.Consumer<LevelChunk> onLoad) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread() != this.mainThread) {
+            this.mainThreadProcessor.execute(() -> {
+                ServerChunkCache.this.getEntityTickingChunkAsync(x, z, onLoad);
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        this.getChunkFutureAsynchronously(x, z, 31, ChunkHolder::getEntityTickingChunkFuture, onLoad);
+    }
+
+    public void getTickingChunkAsync(int x, int z, java.util.function.Consumer<LevelChunk> onLoad) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread() != this.mainThread) {
+            this.mainThreadProcessor.execute(() -> {
+                ServerChunkCache.this.getTickingChunkAsync(x, z, onLoad);
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        this.getChunkFutureAsynchronously(x, z, 32, ChunkHolder::getTickingChunkFuture, onLoad);
+    }
+
+    public void getFullChunkAsync(int x, int z, java.util.function.Consumer<LevelChunk> onLoad) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread() != this.mainThread) {
+            this.mainThreadProcessor.execute(() -> {
+                ServerChunkCache.this.getFullChunkAsync(x, z, onLoad);
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        this.getChunkFutureAsynchronously(x, z, 33, ChunkHolder::getFullChunkFuture, onLoad);
+    }
+
+    private void getChunkFutureAsynchronously(int x, int z, int ticketLevel, Function<ChunkHolder, CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>>> futureGet, java.util.function.Consumer<LevelChunk> onLoad) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread() != this.mainThread) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+        ChunkPos chunkPos = new ChunkPos(x, z);
+        Long identifier = this.chunkFutureAwaitCounter++;
+        this.distanceManager.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT, chunkPos, ticketLevel, identifier);
+        this.runDistanceManagerUpdates();
+
+        ChunkHolder chunk = this.chunkMap.getUpdatingChunkIfPresent(chunkPos.toLong());
+
+        if (chunk == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Expected playerchunk " + chunkPos + " in world '" + this.level.getWorld().getName() + "'");
+        }
+
+        CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> future = futureGet.apply(chunk);
+
+        future.whenCompleteAsync((either, throwable) -> {
+            try {
+                if (throwable != null) {
+                    if (throwable instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                        throw (ThreadDeath)throwable;
+                    }
+                    net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer.LOGGER.fatal("Failed to complete future await for chunk " + chunkPos.toString() + " in world '" + ServerChunkCache.this.level.getWorld().getName() + "'", throwable);
+                } else if (either.right().isPresent()) {
+                    net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer.LOGGER.fatal("Failed to complete future await for chunk " + chunkPos.toString() + " in world '" + ServerChunkCache.this.level.getWorld().getName() + "': " + either.right().get().toString());
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    if (onLoad != null) {
+                        onLoad.accept(either == null ? null : either.left().orElse(null)); // indicate failure to the callback.
+                    }
+                } catch (Throwable thr) {
+                    if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                        throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                    }
+                    net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer.LOGGER.fatal("Load callback for future await failed " + chunkPos.toString() + " in world '" + ServerChunkCache.this.level.getWorld().getName() + "'", thr);
+                    return;
+                }
+            } finally {
+                // due to odd behaviour with CB unload implementation we need to have these AFTER the load callback.
+                ServerChunkCache.this.distanceManager.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.UNKNOWN, chunkPos, ticketLevel, chunkPos);
+                ServerChunkCache.this.distanceManager.removeTicketAtLevel(TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT, chunkPos, ticketLevel, identifier);
+            }
+        }, this.mainThreadProcessor);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
+    // Paper start
+    @Nullable
+    public ChunkAccess getChunkAtImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        ChunkHolder holder = this.chunkMap.getVisibleChunkIfPresent(ChunkPos.asLong(x, z));
+        if (holder == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return holder.getLastAvailable();
+    }
+
+    // this will try to avoid chunk neighbours for lighting
+    public final ChunkAccess getFullStatusChunkAt(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
+        LevelChunk ifLoaded = this.getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        if (ifLoaded != null) {
+            return ifLoaded;
+        }
+
+        ChunkAccess empty = this.getChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, ChunkStatus.EMPTY, true);
+        if (empty != null && empty.getStatus().isOrAfter(ChunkStatus.FULL)) {
+            return empty;
+        }
+        return this.getChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, ChunkStatus.FULL, true);
+    }
+
+    public final ChunkAccess getFullStatusChunkAtIfLoaded(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
+        LevelChunk ifLoaded = this.getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        if (ifLoaded != null) {
+            return ifLoaded;
+        }
+
+        ChunkAccess ret = this.getChunkAtImmediately(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        if (ret != null && ret.getStatus().isOrAfter(ChunkStatus.FULL)) {
+            return ret;
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getChunkAtAsynchronously(int chunkX, int chunkZ, int ticketLevel,
+                                  java.util.function.Consumer<ChunkAccess> consumer) {
+        this.getChunkAtAsynchronously(chunkX, chunkZ, ticketLevel, (ChunkHolder chunkHolder) -> {
+            if (ticketLevel <= 33) {
+                return (CompletableFuture)chunkHolder.getFullChunkFuture();
+            } else {
+                return chunkHolder.getOrScheduleFuture(ChunkHolder.getStatus(ticketLevel), ServerChunkCache.this.chunkMap);
+            }
+        }, consumer);
+    }
+
+    void getChunkAtAsynchronously(int chunkX, int chunkZ, int ticketLevel,
+                                  java.util.function.Function<ChunkHolder, CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>>> function,
+                                  java.util.function.Consumer<ChunkAccess> consumer) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread() != this.mainThread) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+
+        ChunkPos chunkPos = new ChunkPos(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        Long identifier = Long.valueOf(this.chunkFutureAwaitCounter++);
+        this.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT, chunkPos, ticketLevel, identifier);
+        this.runDistanceManagerUpdates();
+
+        ChunkHolder chunk = this.chunkMap.getUpdatingChunkIfPresent(chunkPos.toLong());
+
+        if (chunk == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Expected playerchunk " + chunkPos + " in world '" + this.level.getWorld().getName() + "'");
+        }
+
+        CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> future = function.apply(chunk);
+
+        future.whenCompleteAsync((either, throwable) -> {
+            try {
+                if (throwable != null) {
+                    if (throwable instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                        throw (ThreadDeath)throwable;
+                    }
+                    LOGGER.fatal("Failed to complete future await for chunk " + chunkPos.toString() + " in world '" + ServerChunkCache.this.level.getWorld().getName() + "'", throwable);
+                } else if (either.right().isPresent()) {
+                    LOGGER.fatal("Failed to complete future await for chunk " + chunkPos.toString() + " in world '" + ServerChunkCache.this.level.getWorld().getName() + "': " + either.right().get().toString());
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    if (consumer != null) {
+                        consumer.accept(either == null ? null : either.left().orElse(null)); // indicate failure to the callback.
+                    }
+                } catch (Throwable thr) {
+                    if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                        throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                    }
+                    LOGGER.fatal("Load callback for future await failed " + chunkPos.toString() + " in world '" + ServerChunkCache.this.level.getWorld().getName() + "'", thr);
+                    return;
+                }
+            } finally {
+                // due to odd behaviour with CB unload implementation we need to have these AFTER the load callback.
+                ServerChunkCache.this.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.UNKNOWN, chunkPos, ticketLevel, chunkPos);
+                ServerChunkCache.this.removeTicketAtLevel(TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT, chunkPos, ticketLevel, identifier);
+            }
+        }, this.mainThreadProcessor);
+    }
+
+    public <T> void addTicketAtLevel(TicketType<T> ticketType, ChunkPos chunkPos, int ticketLevel, T identifier) {
+        this.distanceManager.addTicketAtLevel(ticketType, chunkPos, ticketLevel, identifier);
+    }
+
+    public <T> void removeTicketAtLevel(TicketType<T> ticketType, ChunkPos chunkPos, int ticketLevel, T identifier) {
+        this.distanceManager.removeTicketAtLevel(ticketType, chunkPos, ticketLevel, identifier);
+    }
+
+    void chunkLoadAccept(int chunkX, int chunkZ, ChunkAccess chunk, java.util.function.Consumer<ChunkAccess> consumer) {
+        try {
+            consumer.accept(chunk);
+        } catch (Throwable throwable) {
+            if (throwable instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                throw (ThreadDeath)throwable;
+            }
+            LOGGER.error("Load callback for chunk " + chunkX + "," + chunkZ + " in world '" + this.level.getWorld().getName() + "' threw an exception", throwable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final void getChunkAtAsynchronously(int chunkX, int chunkZ, ChunkStatus status, boolean gen, boolean allowSubTicketLevel, java.util.function.Consumer<ChunkAccess> onLoad) {
+        // try to fire sync
+        int chunkStatusTicketLevel = 33 + ChunkStatus.getDistance(status);
+        ChunkHolder playerChunk = this.chunkMap.getUpdatingChunkIfPresent(io.papermc.paper.util.CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+        if (playerChunk != null) {
+            ChunkStatus holderStatus = playerChunk.getChunkHolderStatus();
+            ChunkAccess immediate = playerChunk.getAvailableChunkNow();
+            if (immediate != null) {
+                if (allowSubTicketLevel ? immediate.getStatus().isOrAfter(status) : (playerChunk.getTicketLevel() <= chunkStatusTicketLevel && holderStatus != null && holderStatus.isOrAfter(status))) {
+                    this.chunkLoadAccept(chunkX, chunkZ, immediate, onLoad);
+                    return;
+                } else {
+                    if (gen || (!allowSubTicketLevel && immediate.getStatus().isOrAfter(status))) {
+                        this.getChunkAtAsynchronously(chunkX, chunkZ, chunkStatusTicketLevel, onLoad);
+                        return;
+                    } else {
+                        this.chunkLoadAccept(chunkX, chunkZ, null, onLoad);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // need to fire async
+
+        if (gen && !allowSubTicketLevel) {
+            this.getChunkAtAsynchronously(chunkX, chunkZ, chunkStatusTicketLevel, onLoad);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.getChunkAtAsynchronously(chunkX, chunkZ, net.minecraft.server.MCUtil.getTicketLevelFor(ChunkStatus.EMPTY), (ChunkAccess chunk) -> {
+            if (chunk == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Chunk cannot be null");
+            }
+
+            if (!chunk.getStatus().isOrAfter(status)) {
+                if (gen) {
+                    this.getChunkAtAsynchronously(chunkX, chunkZ, chunkStatusTicketLevel, onLoad);
+                    return;
+                } else {
+                    ServerChunkCache.this.chunkLoadAccept(chunkX, chunkZ, null, onLoad);
+                    return;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (allowSubTicketLevel) {
+                    ServerChunkCache.this.chunkLoadAccept(chunkX, chunkZ, chunk, onLoad);
+                    return;
+                } else {
+                    this.getChunkAtAsynchronously(chunkX, chunkZ, chunkStatusTicketLevel, onLoad);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    final io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<LevelChunk> tickingChunks = new io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<>(4096, 0.75f, 4096, 0.15, true);
+    final io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<LevelChunk> entityTickingChunks = new io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<>(4096, 0.75f, 4096, 0.15, true);
+    // Paper end
 
     public ServerChunkCache(ServerLevel world, LevelStorageSource.LevelStorageAccess session, DataFixer dataFixer, StructureManager structureManager, Executor workerExecutor, ChunkGenerator chunkGenerator, int viewDistance, int simulationDistance, boolean dsync, ChunkProgressListener worldGenerationProgressListener, ChunkStatusUpdateListener chunkStatusChangeListener, Supplier<DimensionDataStorage> persistentStateManagerFactory) {
         this.level = world;
@@ -127,6 +458,49 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
         this.lastChunk[0] = chunk;
     }
 
+    // Paper start - "real" get chunk if loaded
+    // Note: Partially copied from the getChunkAt method below
+    @Nullable
+    public LevelChunk getChunkAtIfCachedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        long k = ChunkPos.asLong(x, z);
+
+        // Note: Bypass cache since we need to check ticket level, and to make this MT-Safe
+
+        ChunkHolder playerChunk = this.getVisibleChunkIfPresent(k);
+        if (playerChunk == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return playerChunk.getFullChunkUnchecked();
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public LevelChunk getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        long k = ChunkPos.asLong(x, z);
+
+        if (Thread.currentThread() == this.mainThread) {
+            return this.getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThread(x, z);
+        }
+
+        LevelChunk ret = null;
+        long readlock;
+        do {
+            readlock = this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+            try {
+                ret = this.loadedChunkMap.get(k);
+            } catch (Throwable thr) {
+                if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                }
+                // re-try, this means a CME occurred...
+                continue;
+            }
+        } while (!this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Nullable
     @Override
     public ChunkAccess getChunk(int x, int z, ChunkStatus leastStatus, boolean create) {
@@ -441,7 +815,7 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
             gameprofilerfiller.popPush("spawnAndTick");
             boolean flag2 = this.level.getGameRules().getBoolean(GameRules.RULE_DOMOBSPAWNING) && !this.level.players().isEmpty(); // CraftBukkit
 
-            Collections.shuffle(list);
+            //Collections.shuffle(list); // Paper - no... just no...
             Iterator iterator1 = list.iterator();
 
             while (iterator1.hasNext()) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerLevel.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerLevel.java
index 54b4b73c05d87fc7b939a38915e62fef2405db7f..d94dca6db38207021026953ef4598756a797562c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerLevel.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerLevel.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongSet;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongSets;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntMap.Entry;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntMap;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectIterator;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectLinkedOpenHashSet;
 import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectOpenHashSet;
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@ import org.bukkit.event.server.MapInitializeEvent;
 import org.bukkit.event.weather.LightningStrikeEvent;
 import org.bukkit.event.world.TimeSkipEvent;
 // CraftBukkit end
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList; // Paper
 
 public class ServerLevel extends Level implements WorldGenLevel {
 
@@ -212,6 +214,96 @@ public class ServerLevel extends Level implements WorldGenLevel {
         return convertable.dimensionType;
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    public final boolean areChunksLoadedForMove(AABB axisalignedbb) {
+        // copied code from collision methods, so that we can guarantee that they wont load chunks (we don't override
+        // ICollisionAccess methods for VoxelShapes)
+        // be more strict too, add a block (dumb plugins in move events?)
+        int minBlockX = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.minX - 1.0E-7D) - 3;
+        int maxBlockX = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.maxX + 1.0E-7D) + 3;
+
+        int minBlockZ = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.minZ - 1.0E-7D) - 3;
+        int maxBlockZ = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.maxZ + 1.0E-7D) + 3;
+
+        int minChunkX = minBlockX >> 4;
+        int maxChunkX = maxBlockX >> 4;
+
+        int minChunkZ = minBlockZ >> 4;
+        int maxChunkZ = maxBlockZ >> 4;
+
+        ServerChunkCache chunkProvider = this.getChunkSource();
+
+        for (int cx = minChunkX; cx <= maxChunkX; ++cx) {
+            for (int cz = minChunkZ; cz <= maxChunkZ; ++cz) {
+                if (chunkProvider.getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(cx, cz) == null) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public final void loadChunksForMoveAsync(AABB axisalignedbb, double toX, double toZ,
+                                             java.util.function.Consumer<List<net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess>> onLoad) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread() != this.thread) {
+            this.getChunkSource().mainThreadProcessor.execute(() -> {
+                this.loadChunksForMoveAsync(axisalignedbb, toX, toZ, onLoad);
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        List<net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess> ret = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+        IntArrayList ticketLevels = new IntArrayList();
+
+        int minBlockX = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.minX - 1.0E-7D) - 3;
+        int maxBlockX = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.maxX + 1.0E-7D) + 3;
+
+        int minBlockZ = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.minZ - 1.0E-7D) - 3;
+        int maxBlockZ = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.maxZ + 1.0E-7D) + 3;
+
+        int minChunkX = minBlockX >> 4;
+        int maxChunkX = maxBlockX >> 4;
+
+        int minChunkZ = minBlockZ >> 4;
+        int maxChunkZ = maxBlockZ >> 4;
+
+        ServerChunkCache chunkProvider = this.getChunkSource();
+
+        int requiredChunks = (maxChunkX - minChunkX + 1) * (maxChunkZ - minChunkZ + 1);
+        int[] loadedChunks = new int[1];
+
+        Long holderIdentifier = Long.valueOf(chunkProvider.chunkFutureAwaitCounter++);
+
+        java.util.function.Consumer<net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess> consumer = (net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess chunk) -> {
+            if (chunk != null) {
+                int ticketLevel = Math.max(33, chunkProvider.chunkMap.getUpdatingChunkIfPresent(chunk.getPos().toLong()).getTicketLevel());
+                ret.add(chunk);
+                ticketLevels.add(ticketLevel);
+                chunkProvider.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT, chunk.getPos(), ticketLevel, holderIdentifier);
+            }
+            if (++loadedChunks[0] == requiredChunks) {
+                try {
+                    onLoad.accept(java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(ret));
+                } finally {
+                    for (int i = 0, len = ret.size(); i < len; ++i) {
+                        ChunkPos chunkPos = ret.get(i).getPos();
+                        int ticketLevel = ticketLevels.getInt(i);
+
+                        chunkProvider.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.UNKNOWN, chunkPos, ticketLevel, chunkPos);
+                        chunkProvider.removeTicketAtLevel(TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT, chunkPos, ticketLevel, holderIdentifier);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        for (int cx = minChunkX; cx <= maxChunkX; ++cx) {
+            for (int cz = minChunkZ; cz <= maxChunkZ; ++cz) {
+                chunkProvider.getChunkAtAsynchronously(cx, cz, net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkStatus.FULL, true, false, consumer);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     // Add env and gen to constructor, WorldData -> WorldDataServer
     public ServerLevel(MinecraftServer minecraftserver, Executor executor, LevelStorageSource.LevelStorageAccess convertable_conversionsession, ServerLevelData iworlddataserver, ResourceKey<Level> resourcekey, DimensionType dimensionmanager, ChunkProgressListener worldloadlistener, ChunkGenerator chunkgenerator, boolean flag, long i, List<CustomSpawner> list, boolean flag1, org.bukkit.World.Environment env, org.bukkit.generator.ChunkGenerator gen, org.bukkit.generator.BiomeProvider biomeProvider) {
         // Objects.requireNonNull(minecraftserver); // CraftBukkit - decompile error
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerPlayer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerPlayer.java
index b64f9dc47d4f632624fc40bbbafd24cb5ae7cd9b..925ffbddd5475be7fe00570d861b615f707434b4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerPlayer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerPlayer.java
@@ -232,6 +232,8 @@ public class ServerPlayer extends Player {
     public Integer clientViewDistance;
     // CraftBukkit end
 
+    public final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<ServerPlayer> cachedSingleHashSet; // Paper
+
     public ServerPlayer(MinecraftServer server, ServerLevel world, GameProfile profile) {
         super(world, world.getSharedSpawnPos(), world.getSharedSpawnAngle(), profile);
         this.chatVisibility = ChatVisiblity.FULL;
@@ -295,6 +297,8 @@ public class ServerPlayer extends Player {
         this.maxUpStep = 1.0F;
         this.fudgeSpawnLocation(world);
 
+        this.cachedSingleHashSet = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(this); // Paper
+
         // CraftBukkit start
         this.displayName = this.getScoreboardName();
         this.bukkitPickUpLoot = true;
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/TicketType.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/TicketType.java
index 3a4f026c73cdd22d30bdadabbcf24bef969b73e4..0d536d72ac918fbd403397ff369d10143ee9c204 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/TicketType.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/TicketType.java
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import net.minecraft.util.Unit;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
 
 public class TicketType<T> {
+    public static final TicketType<Long> FUTURE_AWAIT = create("future_await", Long::compareTo); // Paper
 
     private final String name;
     private final Comparator<T> comparator;
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/WorldGenRegion.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/WorldGenRegion.java
index 1898616fa04a16983fefe8e4fa0c60de82b52f03..fea9a73b64523b8a065b37ebf8be50d5ec0faccb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/WorldGenRegion.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/WorldGenRegion.java
@@ -152,6 +152,26 @@ public class WorldGenRegion implements WorldGenLevel {
         return chunkX >= this.firstPos.x && chunkX <= this.lastPos.x && chunkZ >= this.firstPos.z && chunkZ <= this.lastPos.z;
     }
 
+    // Paper start - if loaded util
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        return this.getChunk(x, z, ChunkStatus.FULL, false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getTypeIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos) {
         return this.getChunk(SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getX()), SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getZ())).getBlockState(pos);
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/network/ServerGamePacketListenerImpl.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/network/ServerGamePacketListenerImpl.java
index cf596d49cf21f66245095753f38aebaaa680259b..0251908052d6221dc9fdab38ff8cfb3b7be8d28b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/network/ServerGamePacketListenerImpl.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/network/ServerGamePacketListenerImpl.java
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ public class ServerGamePacketListenerImpl implements ServerPlayerConnection, Ser
     private final MinecraftServer server;
     public ServerPlayer player;
     private int tickCount;
-    private long keepAliveTime;
-    private boolean keepAlivePending;
-    private long keepAliveChallenge;
+    private long keepAliveTime; @Deprecated private void setLastPing(long lastPing) { this.keepAliveTime = lastPing;}; @Deprecated private long getLastPing() { return this.keepAliveTime;}; // Paper - OBFHELPER
+    private boolean keepAlivePending; @Deprecated private void setPendingPing(boolean isPending) { this.keepAlivePending = isPending;}; @Deprecated private boolean isPendingPing() { return this.keepAlivePending;}; // Paper - OBFHELPER
+    private long keepAliveChallenge; @Deprecated private void setKeepAliveID(long keepAliveID) { this.keepAliveChallenge = keepAliveID;}; @Deprecated private long getKeepAliveID() {return this.keepAliveChallenge; };  // Paper - OBFHELPER
     // CraftBukkit start - multithreaded fields
     private final AtomicInteger chatSpamTickCount = new AtomicInteger();
     // CraftBukkit end
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/util/thread/BlockableEventLoop.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/util/thread/BlockableEventLoop.java
index a4c5edee297af6d68d518b77f706732b5ccbe4de..7bf4bf5cb2c1b54a7e2733091f48f3a824336d36 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/util/thread/BlockableEventLoop.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/util/thread/BlockableEventLoop.java
@@ -78,6 +78,13 @@ public abstract class BlockableEventLoop<R extends Runnable> implements Profiler
         }
 
     }
+    // Paper start
+    public void scheduleOnMain(Runnable r0) {
+        // postToMainThread does not work the same as older versions of mc
+        // This method is actually used to create a TickTask, which can then be posted onto main
+        this.tell(this.wrapRunnable(r0));
+    }
+    // Paper end
 
     @Override
     public void tell(R runnable) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Entity.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Entity.java
index b40beedacba589ac2ec117d6e619730d7e072e12..371ecc33fec6b8c1a2c022196e90e6169ca1eb3b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Entity.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Entity.java
@@ -302,6 +302,11 @@ public abstract class Entity implements Nameable, EntityAccess, CommandSource {
         return this.level.hasChunk((int) Math.floor(this.getX()) >> 4, (int) Math.floor(this.getZ()) >> 4);
     }
     // CraftBukkit end
+    // Paper start
+    public final AABB getBoundingBoxAt(double x, double y, double z) {
+        return this.dimensions.makeBoundingBox(x, y, z);
+    }
+    // Paper end
 
     public Entity(EntityType<?> type, Level world) {
         this.id = Entity.ENTITY_COUNTER.incrementAndGet();
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/LivingEntity.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/LivingEntity.java
index dde1e84b2ff048fe96b77daa81374f0e68be4310..010d7a0dc97c7bdd3fbafe974aa73f3dba106d4d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/LivingEntity.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/LivingEntity.java
@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ public abstract class LivingEntity extends Entity {
     public boolean collides = true;
     public Set<UUID> collidableExemptions = new HashSet<>();
     public boolean bukkitPickUpLoot;
+    public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftLivingEntity getBukkitLivingEntity() { return (org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftLivingEntity) super.getBukkitEntity(); } // Paper
 
     @Override
     public float getBukkitYaw() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Mob.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Mob.java
index 0651d4d661aa52171f617f1dd844a89cb2d05e20..f286fcc2958a02c1e480b8fcf5d049bf0de27131 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Mob.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Mob.java
@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ public abstract class Mob extends LivingEntity {
         return this.target;
     }
 
+    public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftMob getBukkitMob() { return (org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftMob) super.getBukkitEntity(); } // Paper
     public void setTarget(@Nullable LivingEntity target) {
         // CraftBukkit start - fire event
         this.setTarget(target, EntityTargetEvent.TargetReason.UNKNOWN, true);
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/PathfinderMob.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/PathfinderMob.java
index 422b4730a99541b1fa64c439ec126c0cef1f3cb1..ff458abb221daaddaa734811eaaa35ea43883343 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/PathfinderMob.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/PathfinderMob.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ public abstract class PathfinderMob extends Mob {
         super(type, world);
     }
 
+    public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftCreature getBukkitCreature() { return (org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftCreature) super.getBukkitEntity(); } // Paper
+
     public float getWalkTargetValue(BlockPos pos) {
         return this.getWalkTargetValue(pos, this.level);
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/monster/Monster.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/monster/Monster.java
index 6c3044b6194dfd3037389d717bbe6783f58b951d..457880c9e894a83d88505cf0b7235df919eea591 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/monster/Monster.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/monster/Monster.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.LightLayer;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.ServerLevelAccessor;
 
 public abstract class Monster extends PathfinderMob implements Enemy {
+    public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftMonster getBukkitMonster() { return (org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftMonster) super.getBukkitEntity(); } // Paper
     protected Monster(EntityType<? extends Monster> type, Level world) {
         super(type, world);
         this.xpReward = 5;
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/item/ItemStack.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/item/ItemStack.java
index 208a713ec4b7b592801eb26860b7b81a2b3f7aa2..df787c12053f799b111c539d866ff8c751e21611 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/item/ItemStack.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/item/ItemStack.java
@@ -727,6 +727,25 @@ public final class ItemStack {
         return this.tag != null ? this.tag.getList("Enchantments", 10) : new ListTag();
     }
 
+    // Paper start - (this is just a good no conflict location)
+    public org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack asBukkitMirror() {
+        return CraftItemStack.asCraftMirror(this);
+    }
+    public org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack asBukkitCopy() {
+        return CraftItemStack.asCraftMirror(this.copy());
+    }
+    public static ItemStack fromBukkitCopy(org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack itemstack) {
+        return CraftItemStack.asNMSCopy(itemstack);
+    }
+    private org.bukkit.craftbukkit.inventory.CraftItemStack bukkitStack;
+    public org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack getBukkitStack() {
+        if (bukkitStack == null || bukkitStack.handle != this) {
+            bukkitStack = org.bukkit.craftbukkit.inventory.CraftItemStack.asCraftMirror(this);
+        }
+        return bukkitStack;
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public void setTag(@Nullable CompoundTag nbt) {
         this.tag = nbt;
         if (this.getItem().canBeDepleted()) {
@@ -1127,6 +1146,7 @@ public final class ItemStack {
     // CraftBukkit start
     @Deprecated
     public void setItem(Item item) {
+        this.bukkitStack = null; // Paper
         this.item = item;
     }
     // CraftBukkit end
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/BlockGetter.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/BlockGetter.java
index 76251b5adf41f8e5bf2c07145abe3108fcde8669..03e0254813b977d0342171a37762fec9629afbad 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/BlockGetter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/BlockGetter.java
@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.core.Direction;
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Block;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntityType;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.material.FluidState;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.material.Material;
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB;
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.BlockHitResult;
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3;
@@ -30,6 +32,19 @@ public interface BlockGetter extends LevelHeightAccessor {
     }
 
     BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos);
+    // Paper start - if loaded util
+    BlockState getTypeIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition);
+    default Material getMaterialIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        BlockState type = this.getTypeIfLoaded(blockposition);
+        return type == null ? null : type.getMaterial();
+    }
+
+    default Block getBlockIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        BlockState type = this.getTypeIfLoaded(blockposition);
+        return type == null ? null : type.getBlock();
+    }
+    FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition);
+    // Paper end
 
     FluidState getFluidState(BlockPos pos);
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/ChunkPos.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/ChunkPos.java
index 134d9a360ce32ee1bbd37a5ad51d4a593b2fc022..18c8988dcb5b475c8738a313f1775b73c9d961f4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/ChunkPos.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/ChunkPos.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ public class ChunkPos {
     private static final int REGION_MASK = 31;
     public final int x;
     public final int z;
+    public final long longKey; // Paper
     private static final int HASH_A = 1664525;
     private static final int HASH_C = 1013904223;
     private static final int HASH_Z_XOR = -559038737;
@@ -24,23 +25,26 @@ public class ChunkPos {
     public ChunkPos(int x, int z) {
         this.x = x;
         this.z = z;
+        this.longKey = asLong(this.x, this.z); // Paper
     }
 
     public ChunkPos(BlockPos pos) {
         this.x = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getX());
         this.z = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getZ());
+        this.longKey = asLong(this.x, this.z); // Paper
     }
 
     public ChunkPos(long pos) {
         this.x = (int)pos;
         this.z = (int)(pos >> 32);
+        this.longKey = asLong(this.x, this.z); // Paper
     }
 
     public long toLong() {
-        return asLong(this.x, this.z);
+        return longKey; // Paper
     }
 
-    public static long asLong(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
+        public static long asLong(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
         return (long)chunkX & 4294967295L | ((long)chunkZ & 4294967295L) << 32;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/EmptyBlockGetter.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/EmptyBlockGetter.java
index 3c707d6674b2594b09503b959a31c1f4ad3981e6..c7d499bfc22152e0a49f50a2a8133f31a1be20ff 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/EmptyBlockGetter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/EmptyBlockGetter.java
@@ -17,6 +17,18 @@ public enum EmptyBlockGetter implements BlockGetter {
         return null;
     }
 
+    // Paper start - If loaded util
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getTypeIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos) {
         return Blocks.AIR.defaultBlockState();
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/Level.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/Level.java
index e2b9c20a82630f1991228c6194acef5ef6a7b8b0..d449516a2aafebe3cda9810b7d1ee97e61e8f399 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/Level.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/Level.java
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.CraftServer;
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.CraftWorld;
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.SpigotTimings; // Spigot
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.block.CapturedBlockState;
+import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.block.CraftBlockState;
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.block.data.CraftBlockData;
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.util.CraftNamespacedKey;
 import org.bukkit.event.block.BlockPhysicsEvent;
@@ -271,18 +272,50 @@ public abstract class Level implements LevelAccessor, AutoCloseable {
         return y < -20000000 || y >= 20000000;
     }
 
-    public LevelChunk getChunkAt(BlockPos pos) {
+    public final LevelChunk getChunkAt(BlockPos pos) { // Paper - help inline
         return this.getChunk(SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getX()), SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getZ()));
     }
 
     @Override
-    public LevelChunk getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
-        return (LevelChunk) this.getChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, ChunkStatus.FULL);
+    public final LevelChunk getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ) { // Paper - final to help inline
+        return (LevelChunk) this.getChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, ChunkStatus.FULL, true); // Paper - avoid a method jump
     }
 
+    // Paper start - if loaded
     @Nullable
     @Override
-    public ChunkAccess getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, ChunkStatus leastStatus, boolean create) {
+    public final ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        return ((ServerLevel)this).chunkSource.getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(x, z);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final BlockState getTypeIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        // CraftBukkit start - tree generation
+        if (captureTreeGeneration) {
+            CraftBlockState previous = capturedBlockStates.get(blockposition);
+            if (previous != null) {
+                return previous.getHandle();
+            }
+        }
+        // CraftBukkit end
+        if (!isInWorldBounds(blockposition)) {
+            return Blocks.AIR.defaultBlockState();
+        }
+        ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
+    @Override
+    public final ChunkAccess getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, ChunkStatus leastStatus, boolean create) { // Paper - final for inline
         ChunkAccess ichunkaccess = this.getChunkSource().getChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, leastStatus, create);
 
         if (ichunkaccess == null && create) {
@@ -293,7 +326,7 @@ public abstract class Level implements LevelAccessor, AutoCloseable {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean setBlock(BlockPos pos, BlockState state, int flags) {
+    public final boolean setBlock(BlockPos pos, BlockState state, int flags) { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.setBlock(pos, state, flags, 512);
     }
 
@@ -598,7 +631,7 @@ public abstract class Level implements LevelAccessor, AutoCloseable {
         if (this.isOutsideBuildHeight(pos)) {
             return Blocks.VOID_AIR.defaultBlockState();
         } else {
-            LevelChunk chunk = this.getChunk(SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getX()), SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getZ()));
+            ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunk(pos.getX() >> 4, pos.getZ() >> 4, ChunkStatus.FULL, true); // Paper - manually inline to reduce hops and avoid unnecessary null check to reduce total byte code size, this should never return null and if it does we will see it the next line but the real stack trace will matter in the chunk engine
 
             return chunk.getBlockState(pos);
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/LevelReader.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/LevelReader.java
index 945fe8969eb61d13207d60e9c2a906aa9b5b6650..4fede11c074894686a9bdc18b031243af72292ad 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/LevelReader.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/LevelReader.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.levelgen.Heightmap;
 import net.minecraft.world.phys.AABB;
 
 public interface LevelReader extends BlockAndTintGetter, CollisionGetter, BiomeManager.NoiseBiomeSource {
+    @Nullable ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z); // Paper - ifLoaded api (we need this since current impl blocks if the chunk is loading)
     @Nullable
     ChunkAccess getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, ChunkStatus leastStatus, boolean create);
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/PathNavigationRegion.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/PathNavigationRegion.java
index 47bd74f75f4c49a34a485d1963325a2152756c29..7c921d024205b683c3881c4db9314155359bd9c7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/PathNavigationRegion.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/PathNavigationRegion.java
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
 import net.minecraft.util.profiling.ProfilerFiller;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Blocks;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
@@ -83,6 +84,29 @@ public class PathNavigationRegion implements BlockGetter, CollisionGetter {
         return List.of();
     }
 
+    // Paper start - if loaded util
+    private ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoaded(int x, int z) {
+        int k = x - this.centerX;
+        int l = z - this.centerZ;
+
+        if (k >= 0 && k < this.chunks.length && l >= 0 && l < this.chunks[k].length) { // Paper - if this changes, update getChunkIfLoaded below
+            return this.chunks[k][l];
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = getChunkIfLoaded(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getTypeIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = getChunkIfLoaded(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Nullable
     @Override
     public BlockEntity getBlockEntity(BlockPos pos) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/block/state/BlockBehaviour.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/block/state/BlockBehaviour.java
index c8d857e354b567be7bd885b3b6b4015390519af1..7d06d476d8e12bdb395488e85e34231daccbd853 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/block/state/BlockBehaviour.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/block/state/BlockBehaviour.java
@@ -602,14 +602,14 @@ public abstract class BlockBehaviour {
 
     public abstract static class BlockStateBase extends StateHolder<Block, BlockState> {
 
-        private final int lightEmission;
-        private final boolean useShapeForLightOcclusion;
+        private final int lightEmission; public final int getEmittedLight() { return this.lightEmission; } // Paper - OBFHELPER
+        private final boolean useShapeForLightOcclusion; public final boolean isTransparentOnSomeFaces() { return this.useShapeForLightOcclusion; } // Paper - OBFHELPER
         private final boolean isAir;
         private final Material material;
         private final MaterialColor materialColor;
         public final float destroySpeed;
         private final boolean requiresCorrectToolForDrops;
-        private final boolean canOcclude;
+        private final boolean canOcclude; public final boolean isOpaque() { return this.canOcclude; } // Paper - OBFHELPER
         private final BlockBehaviour.StatePredicate isRedstoneConductor;
         private final BlockBehaviour.StatePredicate isSuffocating;
         private final BlockBehaviour.StatePredicate isViewBlocking;
@@ -637,10 +637,18 @@ public abstract class BlockBehaviour {
             this.emissiveRendering = blockbase_info.emissiveRendering;
         }
 
+        // Paper start
+        protected boolean shapeExceedsCube = true;
+        public final boolean shapeExceedsCube() {
+            return this.shapeExceedsCube;
+        }
+        // Paper end
+
         public void initCache() {
             if (!this.getBlock().hasDynamicShape()) {
                 this.cache = new BlockBehaviour.BlockStateBase.Cache(this.asState());
             }
+            this.shapeExceedsCube = this.cache == null || this.cache.largeCollisionShape; // Paper - moved from actual method to here
 
         }
 
@@ -672,8 +680,8 @@ public abstract class BlockBehaviour {
             return this.getBlock().getOcclusionShape(this.asState(), world, pos);
         }
 
-        public boolean hasLargeCollisionShape() {
-            return this.cache == null || this.cache.largeCollisionShape;
+        public final boolean hasLargeCollisionShape() { // Paper
+            return this.shapeExceedsCube; // Paper - moved into shape cache init
         }
 
         public boolean useShapeForLightOcclusion() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ChunkAccess.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ChunkAccess.java
index 0c04dd7f71598aeb673ccdd626d6b7f6040ae9a1..2e5619a581d18008df31f4b2a279e7418264aa4f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ChunkAccess.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ChunkAccess.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public abstract class ChunkAccess implements BlockGetter, BiomeManager.NoiseBiom
     protected final ShortList[] postProcessing;
     protected volatile boolean unsaved;
     private volatile boolean isLightCorrect;
-    protected final ChunkPos chunkPos;
+    protected final ChunkPos chunkPos; public final long coordinateKey; public final int locX; public final int locZ; // Paper - cache coordinate key
     private long inhabitedTime;
     @Nullable
     @Deprecated
@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ public abstract class ChunkAccess implements BlockGetter, BiomeManager.NoiseBiom
     protected final LevelChunkSection[] sections;
 
     public ChunkAccess(ChunkPos pos, UpgradeData upgradeData, LevelHeightAccessor heightLimitView, Registry<Biome> biome, long inhabitedTime, @Nullable LevelChunkSection[] sectionArrayInitializer, @Nullable BlendingData blendingData) {
-        this.chunkPos = pos;
+        this.locX = pos.x; this.locZ = pos.z; // Paper - reduce need for field lookups
+        this.chunkPos = pos; this.coordinateKey = ChunkPos.asLong(locX, locZ); // Paper - cache long key
         this.upgradeData = upgradeData;
         this.levelHeightAccessor = heightLimitView;
         this.sections = new LevelChunkSection[heightLimitView.getSectionsCount()];
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunk.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunk.java
index a380521593e3beff1d4ee186086b2af18cb7b4dc..4ed85501fc81de7a2262a8061ba8a38828a86817 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunk.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunk.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import net.minecraft.nbt.CompoundTag;
 import net.minecraft.network.FriendlyByteBuf;
 import net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundLevelChunkPacketData;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.ChunkHolder;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerChunkCache;
 import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
 import net.minecraft.util.profiling.ProfilerFiller;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
@@ -126,6 +127,110 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
     public final org.bukkit.craftbukkit.persistence.CraftPersistentDataContainer persistentDataContainer = new org.bukkit.craftbukkit.persistence.CraftPersistentDataContainer(LevelChunk.DATA_TYPE_REGISTRY);
     // CraftBukkit end
 
+    // Paper start
+    public final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist.EntityList entities = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist.EntityList();
+    public ChunkHolder playerChunk;
+
+    static final int NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS = 3;
+    public static int getNeighbourCacheRadius() {
+        return NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS;
+    }
+
+    boolean loadedTicketLevel;
+    private long neighbourChunksLoadedBitset;
+    private final LevelChunk[] loadedNeighbourChunks = new LevelChunk[(NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1) * (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)];
+
+    private static int getNeighbourIndex(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ) {
+        // index = (relativeX + NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS) + (relativeZ + NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS) * (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)
+        // optimised variant of the above by moving some of the ops to compile time
+        return relativeX + (relativeZ * (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)) + (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS + NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * ((NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)));
+    }
+
+    public final LevelChunk getRelativeNeighbourIfLoaded(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ) {
+        return this.loadedNeighbourChunks[getNeighbourIndex(relativeX, relativeZ)];
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isNeighbourLoaded(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ) {
+        return (this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset & (1L << getNeighbourIndex(relativeX, relativeZ))) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public final void setNeighbourLoaded(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ, final LevelChunk chunk) {
+        if (chunk == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Chunk must be non-null, neighbour: (" + relativeX + "," + relativeZ + "), chunk: " + this.chunkPos);
+        }
+        final long before = this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset;
+        final int index = getNeighbourIndex(relativeX, relativeZ);
+        this.loadedNeighbourChunks[index] = chunk;
+        this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset |= (1L << index);
+        this.onNeighbourChange(before, this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset);
+    }
+
+    public final void setNeighbourUnloaded(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ) {
+        final long before = this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset;
+        final int index = getNeighbourIndex(relativeX, relativeZ);
+        this.loadedNeighbourChunks[index] = null;
+        this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset &= ~(1L << index);
+        this.onNeighbourChange(before, this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset);
+    }
+
+    public final void resetNeighbours() {
+        final long before = this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset;
+        this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset = 0L;
+        java.util.Arrays.fill(this.loadedNeighbourChunks, null);
+        this.onNeighbourChange(before, 0L);
+    }
+
+    protected void onNeighbourChange(final long bitsetBefore, final long bitsetAfter) {
+
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isAnyNeighborsLoaded() {
+        return neighbourChunksLoadedBitset != 0;
+    }
+    public final boolean areNeighboursLoaded(final int radius) {
+        return LevelChunk.areNeighboursLoaded(this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset, radius);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean areNeighboursLoaded(final long bitset, final int radius) {
+        // index = relativeX + (relativeZ * (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)) + (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS + NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * ((NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)))
+        switch (radius) {
+            case 0: {
+                return (bitset & (1L << getNeighbourIndex(0, 0))) != 0;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                long mask = 0L;
+                for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        mask |= (1L << getNeighbourIndex(dx, dz));
+                    }
+                }
+                return (bitset & mask) == mask;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                long mask = 0L;
+                for (int dx = -2; dx <= 2; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -2; dz <= 2; ++dz) {
+                        mask |= (1L << getNeighbourIndex(dx, dz));
+                    }
+                }
+                return (bitset & mask) == mask;
+            }
+            case 3: {
+                long mask = 0L;
+                for (int dx = -3; dx <= 3; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -3; dz <= 3; ++dz) {
+                        mask |= (1L << getNeighbourIndex(dx, dz));
+                    }
+                }
+                return (bitset & mask) == mask;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Radius not recognized: " + radius);
+        }
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public LevelChunk(ServerLevel world, ProtoChunk protoChunk, @Nullable LevelChunk.PostLoadProcessor chunk_c) {
         this(world, protoChunk.getPos(), protoChunk.getUpgradeData(), protoChunk.unpackBlockTicks(), protoChunk.unpackFluidTicks(), protoChunk.getInhabitedTime(), protoChunk.getSections(), chunk_c, protoChunk.getBlendingData());
         Iterator iterator = protoChunk.getBlockEntities().values().iterator();
@@ -224,6 +329,18 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
         }
     }
 
+    // Paper start - If loaded util
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getTypeIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public FluidState getFluidState(BlockPos pos) {
         return this.getFluidState(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
@@ -344,6 +461,7 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
         return this.getBlockEntity(pos, LevelChunk.EntityCreationType.CHECK);
     }
 
+    @Deprecated @Nullable public final BlockEntity getTileEntityImmediately(BlockPos pos) { return this.getBlockEntity(pos, EntityCreationType.IMMEDIATE); } // Paper - OBFHELPER
     @Nullable
     public BlockEntity getBlockEntity(BlockPos pos, LevelChunk.EntityCreationType creationType) {
         // CraftBukkit start
@@ -513,7 +631,25 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
 
     // CraftBukkit start
     public void loadCallback() {
+        // Paper start - neighbour cache
+        int chunkX = this.chunkPos.x;
+        int chunkZ = this.chunkPos.z;
+        ServerChunkCache chunkProvider = this.level.getChunkSource();
+        for (int dx = -NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; dx <= NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; ++dx) {
+            for (int dz = -NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; dz <= NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; ++dz) {
+                LevelChunk neighbour = chunkProvider.getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThreadNoCache(chunkX + dx, chunkZ + dz);
+                if (neighbour != null) {
+                    neighbour.setNeighbourLoaded(-dx, -dz, this);
+                    // should be in cached already
+                    this.setNeighbourLoaded(dx, dz, neighbour);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        this.setNeighbourLoaded(0, 0, this);
+        this.loadedTicketLevel = true;
+        // Paper end - neighbour cache
         org.bukkit.Server server = this.level.getCraftServer();
+        this.level.getChunkSource().addLoadedChunk(this); // Paper
         if (server != null) {
             /*
              * If it's a new world, the first few chunks are generated inside
@@ -552,6 +688,22 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
         server.getPluginManager().callEvent(unloadEvent);
         // note: saving can be prevented, but not forced if no saving is actually required
         this.mustNotSave = !unloadEvent.isSaveChunk();
+        this.level.getChunkSource().removeLoadedChunk(this); // Paper
+        // Paper start - neighbour cache
+        int chunkX = this.chunkPos.x;
+        int chunkZ = this.chunkPos.z;
+        ServerChunkCache chunkProvider = this.level.getChunkSource();
+        for (int dx = -NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; dx <= NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; ++dx) {
+            for (int dz = -NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; dz <= NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; ++dz) {
+                LevelChunk neighbour = chunkProvider.getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThreadNoCache(chunkX + dx, chunkZ + dz);
+                if (neighbour != null) {
+                    neighbour.setNeighbourUnloaded(-dx, -dz);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        this.loadedTicketLevel = false;
+        this.resetNeighbours();
+        // Paper end
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ProtoChunk.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ProtoChunk.java
index 1ea0048e1ee5321a1fd1584ac5371a371de9d45f..b7dbdcb0ce7948c6f98ec67d0cf2033a8e348085 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ProtoChunk.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ProtoChunk.java
@@ -73,6 +73,18 @@ public class ProtoChunk extends ChunkAccess {
         return new ChunkAccess.TicksToSave(this.blockTicks, this.fluidTicks);
     }
 
+    // Paper start - If loaded util
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getTypeIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos) {
         int i = pos.getY();
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
index 2f52148f36e56c503e619634eedd3d46d9f44938..054fcc3713f02e358dfe049491c8d1689ccc750b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import org.bukkit.scheduler.BukkitWorker;
  */
 public class CraftScheduler implements BukkitScheduler {
 
+    static Plugin MINECRAFT = new MinecraftInternalPlugin();
     /**
      * The start ID for the counter.
      */
@@ -192,6 +193,11 @@ public class CraftScheduler implements BukkitScheduler {
         this.runTaskTimer(plugin, (Object) task, delay, period);
     }
 
+    public BukkitTask scheduleInternalTask(Runnable run, int delay, String taskName) {
+        final CraftTask task = new CraftTask(run, nextId(), taskName);
+        return handle(task, delay);
+    }
+
     public BukkitTask runTaskTimer(Plugin plugin, Object runnable, long delay, long period) {
         CraftScheduler.validate(plugin, runnable);
         if (delay < 0L) {
@@ -415,13 +421,20 @@ public class CraftScheduler implements BukkitScheduler {
                     task.run();
                     task.timings.stopTiming(); // Spigot
                 } catch (final Throwable throwable) {
-                    task.getOwner().getLogger().log(
+                    // Paper start
+                    String msg = String.format(
+                        "Task #%s for %s generated an exception",
+                        task.getTaskId(),
+                        task.getOwner().getDescription().getFullName());
+                    if (task.getOwner() == MINECRAFT) {
+                        net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error(msg, throwable);
+                    } else {
+                        task.getOwner().getLogger().log(
                             Level.WARNING,
-                            String.format(
-                                "Task #%s for %s generated an exception",
-                                task.getTaskId(),
-                                task.getOwner().getDescription().getFullName()),
+                            msg,
                             throwable);
+                    }
+                    // Paper end
                 } finally {
                     this.currentTask = null;
                 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
index 592a2a513ebf0002abf1255e11012ecc66adecf0..b89846e0f645c79afec018dae1d64a1bda043ed9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
@@ -40,6 +40,21 @@ public class CraftTask implements BukkitTask, Runnable { // Spigot
     CraftTask(final Object task) {
         this(null, task, CraftTask.NO_REPEATING, CraftTask.NO_REPEATING);
     }
+    // Paper start
+    public String taskName = null;
+    boolean internal = false;
+    CraftTask(final Object task, int id, String taskName) {
+        this.rTask = (Runnable) task;
+        this.cTask = null;
+        this.plugin = CraftScheduler.MINECRAFT;
+        this.taskName = taskName;
+        this.internal = true;
+        this.id = id;
+        this.period = CraftTask.NO_REPEATING;
+        this.taskName = taskName;
+        this.timings = null; // Will be changed in later patch
+    }
+    // Paper end
 
     CraftTask(final Plugin plugin, final Object task, final int id, final long period) {
         this.plugin = plugin;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/MinecraftInternalPlugin.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/MinecraftInternalPlugin.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..909b2c98e7a9117d2f737245e4661792ffafb744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/MinecraftInternalPlugin.java
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package org.bukkit.craftbukkit.scheduler;
+
+
+import org.bukkit.Server;
+import org.bukkit.command.Command;
+import org.bukkit.command.CommandSender;
+import org.bukkit.configuration.file.FileConfiguration;
+import org.bukkit.generator.BiomeProvider;
+import org.bukkit.generator.ChunkGenerator;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.PluginBase;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.PluginDescriptionFile;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.PluginLoader;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.PluginLogger;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class MinecraftInternalPlugin extends PluginBase {
+    private boolean enabled = true;
+
+    private final String pluginName;
+    private PluginDescriptionFile pdf;
+
+    public MinecraftInternalPlugin() {
+        this.pluginName = "Minecraft";
+        pdf = new PluginDescriptionFile(pluginName, "1.0", "nms");
+    }
+
+    public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        this.enabled = enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public File getDataFolder() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PluginDescriptionFile getDescription() {
+        return pdf;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FileConfiguration getConfig() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InputStream getResource(String filename) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void saveConfig() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void saveDefaultConfig() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void saveResource(String resourcePath, boolean replace) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reloadConfig() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PluginLogger getLogger() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PluginLoader getPluginLoader() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Server getServer() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isEnabled() {
+        return enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDisable() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onLoad() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onEnable() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isNaggable() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setNaggable(boolean canNag) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ChunkGenerator getDefaultWorldGenerator(String worldName, String id) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public @Nullable BiomeProvider getDefaultBiomeProvider(@NotNull String worldName, @Nullable String id) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean onCommand(CommandSender sender, Command command, String label, String[] args) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> onTabComplete(CommandSender sender, Command command, String alias, String[] args) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DummyGeneratorAccess.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DummyGeneratorAccess.java
index 939789831f14621800c6792d20119079fc51b6f1..aff1a282516119e0f6026f1b35d6ee72859e8670 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DummyGeneratorAccess.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DummyGeneratorAccess.java
@@ -212,7 +212,23 @@ public class DummyGeneratorAccess implements WorldGenLevel {
     public FluidState getFluidState(BlockPos pos) {
         return Fluids.EMPTY.defaultFluidState(); // SPIGOT-6634
     }
+    // Paper start - if loaded util
+    @javax.annotation.Nullable
+    @Override
+    public ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getTypeIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
 
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+    // Paper end
     @Override
     public WorldBorder getWorldBorder() {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/UnsafeList.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/UnsafeList.java
index d40c0d8be1b0153d62021b8bcb6e8b37fd0acb4e..e38e57b1f9ef27020de35d7ddcb36a663140f880 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/UnsafeList.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/UnsafeList.java
@@ -119,6 +119,32 @@ public class UnsafeList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAcc
         return this.indexOf(o) >= 0;
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    protected transient int maxSize;
+    public void setSize(int size) {
+        if (this.maxSize < this.size) {
+            this.maxSize = this.size;
+        }
+        this.size = size;
+    }
+
+    public void completeReset() {
+        if (this.data != null) {
+            Arrays.fill(this.data, 0, Math.max(this.size, this.maxSize), null);
+        }
+        this.size = 0;
+        this.maxSize = 0;
+        if (this.iterPool != null) {
+            for (Iterator temp : this.iterPool) {
+                if (temp == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ((Itr)temp).valid = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public void clear() {
         // Create new array to reset memory usage to initial capacity
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/SpigotConfig.java b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/SpigotConfig.java
index acf13887957c899b986a9aabe859bf2405e464ac..58c9ab2f6db97bfbf280efc56f9c9be791604a75 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/SpigotConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/SpigotConfig.java
@@ -118,7 +118,11 @@ public class SpigotConfig
                 }
             }
         }
-
+        // Paper start
+        SpigotConfig.save();
+    }
+    public static void save() {
+        // Paper end
         try
         {
             SpigotConfig.config.save( CONFIG_FILE );