This change makes WordPress use `mysqli` on PHP <5.5 when available, instead of only in PHP 5.5+ and development installs.
WPDB includes a fallback to `mysql` in the event that the database connection fails with `mysqli` so incompatibilities should be few and far between.
Props dd32.
Merges [42388] to the 4.9 branch.
Fixes#42812.
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In `wpdb::placeholder_escape()`, the key for `hash_hmac()` defaults to `AUTH_SALT`, but `hash_hmac()` will return an empty string if the key is empty.
This had the side effect of the string `{}` being incorrectly replaced with a `%` character in queries just about to be run on the database.
Props jsonfry.
Fixes#42431.
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In `wpdb::placeholder_escape()`, the key for `hash_hmac()` falls back to `rand()` when `AUTH_SALT` is undefined. `hash_hmac()` requires the key to be a string, however, so we need to cast it as such.
Props mkomar.
Fixes#42401.
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[41496] removed support for numbered placeholders in queries send through `wpdb::prepare()`, which, despite being undocumented, were quite commonly used.
This change restores support for numbered placeholders (as well as a subset of placeholder formatting), while also adding extra checks to ensure the correct number of arguments are being passed to `wpdb::prepare()`, given the number of placeholders.
See #41925.
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This fixes a change in behaviour introduced by [41629].
The host is set to an empty string when it isn't defined, this continues existing behaviour. In particular, the mysqli library treats a `null` host as being the same as `localhost`, which is not always the intended behaviour.
Props birgire, markjaquith, pento.
Fixes#41722.
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`wpdb::prepare()` currently gives no information if the number of arguments passed doesn't match the number of placeholders in the query. This change gives an explicit notice that the call was incorrect.
Also fixes an enrelated term meta test that was triggering this new notice.
Props thekt12 for the initial patch.
Fixes#42040.
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Prior to about 2013, many class methods lacked even access modifiers which made the `@access` notations that much more useful. Now that we've gotten to a point where the codebase is more mature from a maintenance perspective and we can finally remove these notations. Notable exceptions to this change include standalone functions notated as private as well as some classes still considered to represent "private" APIs.
See #41452.
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The `SHOW TABLES LIKE` query can be used to search for tables that match a pattern, `wp\_123\_%`, for example. While this isn't the name of an actual table, the `wp_123_` prefix can be used by database drop-ins to direct the query correctly. This change removes the escaping and `%` modifier, to provide this usable prefix.
Props andy, pento.
Fixes#38751.
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Sometimes, `DB_CHARSET` will be set to `utf8mb4`, even if the current setup doesn't support `utf8mb4`. After [38442], this can cause significant character set failures, causing the connection to fall back to `latin1`.
Instead of doing this, we now check that the connection supports `utf8mb4` before trying to use it, and fall back to `utf8` when we need to.
Fixes#37982 for trunk.
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Previously, `wpdb::get_table_from_query()` would not find the correct table name in the query `DELETE a FROM table a`, due to not recognising the table alias immediately after the `DELETE` as correct syntax.
Fixes#37660.
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[37320] corrected some behaviour in how PHP and MySQL character sets are matched up. This was correct, but had the side effect of causing some incorrectly configured sites to start failing.
Prior to [37320], if `DB_CHARSET` was set to `utf8mb4`, but the PHP version didn't support `utf8mb4`, it would fall back to the default character set - usually `latin1`. After [37320], the `SET NAMES` query would force MySQL to treat the connection character set as `utf8mb4`, even if PHP wasn't able to understand it.
By checking if `mysqli_set_charset()` succeeded, we can simulate the old behaviour, while maintaining the fix in [37320].
Props danielkanchev fo helping to diagnose this issue.
Fixes#37689 for trunk.
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The logic for determining the appropriate character set and collation to use is becoming more complex, particularly with the recent additions of [37522] and [37523]. As `init_charset()` has side effects, and makes use of constants instead of parameters, it's not possible to unit test this logic.
This commit splits the logic part of `init_charset()` out into a new method, `wpdb::determine_charset()`, along with appropriate unit tests.
See #32105, #37522.
Fixes#36917.
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In the event that the database has gone away for some reason, calls to `mysqli_errno()` and `mysqli_error()` (and their `ext/mysql` equivalents, of course), will generate PHP warnings, which are unsightly, and not how we do things in these parts.
Props mbijon, craig-ralston for the original patch.
Fixes#23085.
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The `utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci` (Unicode Collation Algorithm 5.2.0, October 2010) collation is an improvement over `utf8mb4_unicode_ci` (UCA 4.0.0, November 2003).
There is no word on when MySQL will support later UCAs.
Fixes#32105.
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Some sites prefer to use locale-specific location settings. For example, the Swedish WordPress package use `utf8_swedish_ci`, instead of `utf8_unicode_ci`. When upgrading the connection to `utf8mb4`, we were overriding this to be `utf8mb4_unicode_ci`, instead of maintaining the use of the `_swedish_ci` variant.
The locale-specific collations do have extra collation rules just for that language, so it's useful to maintain compatibility.
Fixes#32405.
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Also use 'back-compat' in some inline comments where backward compatibility is the subject and shorthand feels more natural.
Note: 'backwards compatibility/compatibile' can also be considered correct, though it's primary seen in regular use in British English.
Props ocean90.
Fixes#36835.
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