get_error_codes() == array('empty_username', 'empty_password') ) { $user = new WP_Error('', ''); } return $user; } wp_set_auth_cookie($user->ID, $credentials['remember'], $secure_cookie); do_action('wp_login', $user->user_login, $user); return $user; } /** * Authenticate the user using the username and password. */ add_filter('authenticate', 'wp_authenticate_username_password', 20, 3); function wp_authenticate_username_password($user, $username, $password) { if ( is_a($user, 'WP_User') ) { return $user; } if ( empty($username) || empty($password) ) { $error = new WP_Error(); if ( empty($username) ) $error->add('empty_username', __('ERROR: The username field is empty.')); if ( empty($password) ) $error->add('empty_password', __('ERROR: The password field is empty.')); return $error; } $userdata = get_user_by('login', $username); if ( !$userdata ) return new WP_Error('invalid_username', sprintf(__('ERROR: Invalid username. Lost your password?'), site_url('wp-login.php?action=lostpassword', 'login'))); if ( is_multisite() ) { // Is user marked as spam? if ( 1 == $userdata->spam) return new WP_Error('invalid_username', __('ERROR: Your account has been marked as a spammer.')); // Is a user's blog marked as spam? if ( !is_super_admin( $userdata->ID ) && isset($userdata->primary_blog) ) { $details = get_blog_details( $userdata->primary_blog ); if ( is_object( $details ) && $details->spam == 1 ) return new WP_Error('blog_suspended', __('Site Suspended.')); } } $userdata = apply_filters('wp_authenticate_user', $userdata, $password); if ( is_wp_error($userdata) ) return $userdata; if ( !wp_check_password($password, $userdata->user_pass, $userdata->ID) ) return new WP_Error( 'incorrect_password', sprintf( __( 'ERROR: The password you entered for the username %1$s is incorrect. Lost your password?' ), $username, site_url( 'wp-login.php?action=lostpassword', 'login' ) ) ); $user = new WP_User($userdata->ID); return $user; } /** * Authenticate the user using the WordPress auth cookie. */ function wp_authenticate_cookie($user, $username, $password) { if ( is_a($user, 'WP_User') ) { return $user; } if ( empty($username) && empty($password) ) { $user_id = wp_validate_auth_cookie(); if ( $user_id ) return new WP_User($user_id); global $auth_secure_cookie; if ( $auth_secure_cookie ) $auth_cookie = SECURE_AUTH_COOKIE; else $auth_cookie = AUTH_COOKIE; if ( !empty($_COOKIE[$auth_cookie]) ) return new WP_Error('expired_session', __('Please log in again.')); // If the cookie is not set, be silent. } return $user; } /** * Number of posts user has written. * * @since 3.0.0 * @uses $wpdb WordPress database object for queries. * * @param int $userid User ID. * @return int Amount of posts user has written. */ function count_user_posts($userid) { global $wpdb; $where = get_posts_by_author_sql('post', TRUE, $userid); $count = $wpdb->get_var( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->posts $where" ); return apply_filters('get_usernumposts', $count, $userid); } /** * Number of posts written by a list of users. * * @since 3.0.0 * @param array $user_ids Array of user IDs. * @param string|array $post_type Optional. Post type to check. Defaults to post. * @return array Amount of posts each user has written. */ function count_many_users_posts($users, $post_type = 'post' ) { global $wpdb; $count = array(); if ( empty( $users ) || ! is_array( $users ) ) return $count; $userlist = implode( ',', array_map( 'absint', $users ) ); $where = get_posts_by_author_sql( $post_type ); $result = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT post_author, COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->posts $where AND post_author IN ($userlist) GROUP BY post_author", ARRAY_N ); foreach ( $result as $row ) { $count[ $row[0] ] = $row[1]; } foreach ( $users as $id ) { if ( ! isset( $count[ $id ] ) ) $count[ $id ] = 0; } return $count; } /** * Check that the user login name and password is correct. * * @since 0.71 * @todo xmlrpc only. Maybe move to xmlrpc.php. * * @param string $user_login User name. * @param string $user_pass User password. * @return bool False if does not authenticate, true if username and password authenticates. */ function user_pass_ok($user_login, $user_pass) { $user = wp_authenticate($user_login, $user_pass); if ( is_wp_error($user) ) return false; return true; } // // User option functions // /** * Get the current user's ID * * @since MU * * @uses wp_get_current_user * * @return int The current user's ID */ function get_current_user_id() { $user = wp_get_current_user(); return ( isset( $user->ID ) ? (int) $user->ID : 0 ); } /** * Retrieve user option that can be either per Site or per Network. * * If the user ID is not given, then the current user will be used instead. If * the user ID is given, then the user data will be retrieved. The filter for * the result, will also pass the original option name and finally the user data * object as the third parameter. * * The option will first check for the per site name and then the per Network name. * * @since 2.0.0 * @uses $wpdb WordPress database object for queries. * @uses apply_filters() Calls 'get_user_option_$option' hook with result, * option parameter, and user data object. * * @param string $option User option name. * @param int $user Optional. User ID. * @param bool $deprecated Use get_option() to check for an option in the options table. * @return mixed */ function get_user_option( $option, $user = 0, $deprecated = '' ) { global $wpdb; if ( !empty( $deprecated ) ) _deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '3.0' ); if ( empty( $user ) ) $user = wp_get_current_user(); else $user = new WP_User( $user ); if ( ! isset( $user->ID ) ) return false; if ( $user->has_prop( $wpdb->prefix . $option ) ) // Blog specific $result = $user->get( $wpdb->prefix . $option ); elseif ( $user->has_prop( $option ) ) // User specific and cross-blog $result = $user->get( $option ); else $result = false; return apply_filters("get_user_option_{$option}", $result, $option, $user); } /** * Update user option with global blog capability. * * User options are just like user metadata except that they have support for * global blog options. If the 'global' parameter is false, which it is by default * it will prepend the WordPress table prefix to the option name. * * Deletes the user option if $newvalue is empty. * * @since 2.0.0 * @uses $wpdb WordPress database object for queries * * @param int $user_id User ID * @param string $option_name User option name. * @param mixed $newvalue User option value. * @param bool $global Optional. Whether option name is global or blog specific. Default false (blog specific). * @return unknown */ function update_user_option( $user_id, $option_name, $newvalue, $global = false ) { global $wpdb; if ( !$global ) $option_name = $wpdb->prefix . $option_name; // For backward compatibility. See differences between update_user_meta() and deprecated update_usermeta(). // http://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/13088 if ( is_null( $newvalue ) || is_scalar( $newvalue ) && empty( $newvalue ) ) return delete_user_meta( $user_id, $option_name ); return update_user_meta( $user_id, $option_name, $newvalue ); } /** * Delete user option with global blog capability. * * User options are just like user metadata except that they have support for * global blog options. If the 'global' parameter is false, which it is by default * it will prepend the WordPress table prefix to the option name. * * @since 3.0.0 * @uses $wpdb WordPress database object for queries * * @param int $user_id User ID * @param string $option_name User option name. * @param bool $global Optional. Whether option name is global or blog specific. Default false (blog specific). * @return unknown */ function delete_user_option( $user_id, $option_name, $global = false ) { global $wpdb; if ( !$global ) $option_name = $wpdb->prefix . $option_name; return delete_user_meta( $user_id, $option_name ); } /** * WordPress User Query class. * * @since 3.1.0 */ class WP_User_Query { /** * List of found user ids * * @since 3.1.0 * @access private * @var array */ var $results; /** * Total number of found users for the current query * * @since 3.1.0 * @access private * @var int */ var $total_users = 0; // SQL clauses var $query_fields; var $query_from; var $query_where; var $query_orderby; var $query_limit; /** * PHP5 constructor * * @since 3.1.0 * * @param string|array $args The query variables * @return WP_User_Query */ function __construct( $query = null ) { if ( !empty( $query ) ) { $this->query_vars = wp_parse_args( $query, array( 'blog_id' => $GLOBALS['blog_id'], 'role' => '', 'meta_key' => '', 'meta_value' => '', 'meta_compare' => '', 'include' => array(), 'exclude' => array(), 'search' => '', 'orderby' => 'login', 'order' => 'ASC', 'offset' => '', 'number' => '', 'count_total' => true, 'fields' => 'all', 'who' => '' ) ); $this->prepare_query(); $this->query(); } } /** * Prepare the query variables * * @since 3.1.0 * @access private */ function prepare_query() { global $wpdb; $qv = &$this->query_vars; if ( is_array( $qv['fields'] ) ) { $qv['fields'] = array_unique( $qv['fields'] ); $this->query_fields = array(); foreach ( $qv['fields'] as $field ) $this->query_fields[] = $wpdb->users . '.' . esc_sql( $field ); $this->query_fields = implode( ',', $this->query_fields ); } elseif ( 'all' == $qv['fields'] ) { $this->query_fields = "$wpdb->users.*"; } else { $this->query_fields = "$wpdb->users.ID"; } if ( $this->query_vars['count_total'] ) $this->query_fields = 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ' . $this->query_fields; $this->query_from = "FROM $wpdb->users"; $this->query_where = "WHERE 1=1"; // sorting if ( in_array( $qv['orderby'], array('nicename', 'email', 'url', 'registered') ) ) { $orderby = 'user_' . $qv['orderby']; } elseif ( in_array( $qv['orderby'], array('user_nicename', 'user_email', 'user_url', 'user_registered') ) ) { $orderby = $qv['orderby']; } elseif ( 'name' == $qv['orderby'] || 'display_name' == $qv['orderby'] ) { $orderby = 'display_name'; } elseif ( 'post_count' == $qv['orderby'] ) { // todo: avoid the JOIN $where = get_posts_by_author_sql('post'); $this->query_from .= " LEFT OUTER JOIN ( SELECT post_author, COUNT(*) as post_count FROM $wpdb->posts $where GROUP BY post_author ) p ON ({$wpdb->users}.ID = p.post_author) "; $orderby = 'post_count'; } elseif ( 'ID' == $qv['orderby'] || 'id' == $qv['orderby'] ) { $orderby = 'ID'; } else { $orderby = 'user_login'; } $qv['order'] = strtoupper( $qv['order'] ); if ( 'ASC' == $qv['order'] ) $order = 'ASC'; else $order = 'DESC'; $this->query_orderby = "ORDER BY $orderby $order"; // limit if ( $qv['number'] ) { if ( $qv['offset'] ) $this->query_limit = $wpdb->prepare("LIMIT %d, %d", $qv['offset'], $qv['number']); else $this->query_limit = $wpdb->prepare("LIMIT %d", $qv['number']); } $search = trim( $qv['search'] ); if ( $search ) { $leading_wild = ( ltrim($search, '*') != $search ); $trailing_wild = ( rtrim($search, '*') != $search ); if ( $leading_wild && $trailing_wild ) $wild = 'both'; elseif ( $leading_wild ) $wild = 'leading'; elseif ( $trailing_wild ) $wild = 'trailing'; else $wild = false; if ( $wild ) $search = trim($search, '*'); if ( false !== strpos( $search, '@') ) $search_columns = array('user_email'); elseif ( is_numeric($search) ) $search_columns = array('user_login', 'ID'); elseif ( preg_match('|^https?://|', $search) ) $search_columns = array('user_url'); else $search_columns = array('user_login', 'user_nicename'); $this->query_where .= $this->get_search_sql( $search, $search_columns, $wild ); } $blog_id = absint( $qv['blog_id'] ); if ( 'authors' == $qv['who'] && $blog_id ) { $qv['meta_key'] = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $blog_id ) . 'user_level'; $qv['meta_value'] = 0; $qv['meta_compare'] = '!='; $qv['blog_id'] = $blog_id = 0; // Prevent extra meta query } $role = trim( $qv['role'] ); if ( $blog_id && ( $role || is_multisite() ) ) { $cap_meta_query = array(); $cap_meta_query['key'] = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $blog_id ) . 'capabilities'; if ( $role ) { $cap_meta_query['value'] = '"' . $role . '"'; $cap_meta_query['compare'] = 'like'; } $qv['meta_query'][] = $cap_meta_query; } $meta_query = new WP_Meta_Query(); $meta_query->parse_query_vars( $qv ); if ( !empty( $meta_query->queries ) ) { $clauses = $meta_query->get_sql( 'user', $wpdb->users, 'ID', $this ); $this->query_from .= $clauses['join']; $this->query_where .= $clauses['where']; if ( 'OR' == $meta_query->relation ) $this->query_fields = 'DISTINCT ' . $this->query_fields; } if ( !empty( $qv['include'] ) ) { $ids = implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $qv['include'] ) ); $this->query_where .= " AND $wpdb->users.ID IN ($ids)"; } elseif ( !empty($qv['exclude']) ) { $ids = implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $qv['exclude'] ) ); $this->query_where .= " AND $wpdb->users.ID NOT IN ($ids)"; } do_action_ref_array( 'pre_user_query', array( &$this ) ); } /** * Execute the query, with the current variables * * @since 3.1.0 * @access private */ function query() { global $wpdb; if ( is_array( $this->query_vars['fields'] ) || 'all' == $this->query_vars['fields'] ) { $this->results = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT $this->query_fields $this->query_from $this->query_where $this->query_orderby $this->query_limit"); } else { $this->results = $wpdb->get_col("SELECT $this->query_fields $this->query_from $this->query_where $this->query_orderby $this->query_limit"); } if ( $this->query_vars['count_total'] ) $this->total_users = $wpdb->get_var( apply_filters( 'found_users_query', 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()' ) ); if ( !$this->results ) return; if ( 'all_with_meta' == $this->query_vars['fields'] ) { cache_users( $this->results ); $r = array(); foreach ( $this->results as $userid ) $r[ $userid ] = new WP_User( $userid, '', $this->query_vars['blog_id'] ); $this->results = $r; } } /* * Used internally to generate an SQL string for searching across multiple columns * * @access protected * @since 3.1.0 * * @param string $string * @param array $cols * @param bool $wild Whether to allow wildcard searches. Default is false for Network Admin, true for * single site. Single site allows leading and trailing wildcards, Network Admin only trailing. * @return string */ function get_search_sql( $string, $cols, $wild = false ) { $string = esc_sql( $string ); $searches = array(); $leading_wild = ( 'leading' == $wild || 'both' == $wild ) ? '%' : ''; $trailing_wild = ( 'trailing' == $wild || 'both' == $wild ) ? '%' : ''; foreach ( $cols as $col ) { if ( 'ID' == $col ) $searches[] = "$col = '$string'"; else $searches[] = "$col LIKE '$leading_wild" . like_escape($string) . "$trailing_wild'"; } return ' AND (' . implode(' OR ', $searches) . ')'; } /** * Return the list of users * * @since 3.1.0 * @access public * * @return array */ function get_results() { return $this->results; } /** * Return the total number of users for the current query * * @since 3.1.0 * @access public * * @return array */ function get_total() { return $this->total_users; } } /** * Retrieve list of users matching criteria. * * @since 3.1.0 * @uses $wpdb * @uses WP_User_Query See for default arguments and information. * * @param array $args Optional. * @return array List of users. */ function get_users( $args = array() ) { $args = wp_parse_args( $args ); $args['count_total'] = false; $user_search = new WP_User_Query($args); return (array) $user_search->get_results(); } /** * Get the blogs a user belongs to. * * @since 3.0.0 * * @param int $user_id User ID * @param bool $all Whether to retrieve all blogs, or only blogs that are not marked as deleted, archived, or spam. * @return array A list of the user's blogs. False if the user was not found or an empty array if the user has no blogs. */ function get_blogs_of_user( $user_id, $all = false ) { global $wpdb; if ( ! is_multisite() ) { $blog_id = get_current_blog_id(); $blogs = array( $blog_id => new stdClass ); $blogs[ $blog_id ]->userblog_id = $blog_id; $blogs[ $blog_id ]->blogname = get_option('blogname'); $blogs[ $blog_id ]->domain = ''; $blogs[ $blog_id ]->path = ''; $blogs[ $blog_id ]->site_id = 1; $blogs[ $blog_id ]->siteurl = get_option('siteurl'); return $blogs; } $user_id = (int) $user_id; // Logged out users can't have blogs if ( empty( $user_id ) ) return false; $keys = get_user_meta( $user_id ); if ( empty( $keys ) ) return false; $blogs = array(); if ( isset( $keys[ $wpdb->base_prefix . 'capabilities' ] ) && defined( 'MULTISITE' ) ) { $blog = get_blog_details( 1 ); if ( $blog && isset( $blog->domain ) && ( $all || ( ! $blog->archived && ! $blog->spam && ! $blog->deleted ) ) ) { $blogs[ 1 ] = (object) array( 'userblog_id' => 1, 'blogname' => $blog->blogname, 'domain' => $blog->domain, 'path' => $blog->path, 'site_id' => $blog->site_id, 'siteurl' => $blog->siteurl, ); } unset( $keys[ $wpdb->base_prefix . 'capabilities' ] ); } $keys = array_keys( $keys ); foreach ( $keys as $key ) { if ( 'capabilities' !== substr( $key, -12 ) ) continue; if ( 0 !== strpos( $key, $wpdb->base_prefix ) ) continue; $blog_id = str_replace( array( $wpdb->base_prefix, '_capabilities' ), '', $key ); if ( ! is_numeric( $blog_id ) ) continue; $blog_id = (int) $blog_id; $blog = get_blog_details( $blog_id ); if ( $blog && isset( $blog->domain ) && ( $all || ( ! $blog->archived && ! $blog->spam && ! $blog->deleted ) ) ) { $blogs[ $blog_id ] = (object) array( 'userblog_id' => $blog_id, 'blogname' => $blog->blogname, 'domain' => $blog->domain, 'path' => $blog->path, 'site_id' => $blog->site_id, 'siteurl' => $blog->siteurl, ); } } return apply_filters( 'get_blogs_of_user', $blogs, $user_id, $all ); } /** * Find out whether a user is a member of a given blog. * * @since MU 1.1 * @uses get_blogs_of_user() * * @param int $user_id The unique ID of the user * @param int $blog Optional. If no blog_id is provided, current site is used * @return bool */ function is_user_member_of_blog( $user_id = 0, $blog_id = 0 ) { $user_id = (int) $user_id; $blog_id = (int) $blog_id; if ( empty( $user_id ) ) $user_id = get_current_user_id(); if ( empty( $blog_id ) ) { global $wpdb; $blog_id = $wpdb->blogid; } $blogs = get_blogs_of_user( $user_id ); if ( is_array( $blogs ) ) return array_key_exists( $blog_id, $blogs ); else return false; } /** * Add meta data field to a user. * * Post meta data is called "Custom Fields" on the Administration Screens. * * @since 3.0.0 * @uses add_metadata() * @link http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/add_user_meta * * @param int $user_id Post ID. * @param string $meta_key Metadata name. * @param mixed $meta_value Metadata value. * @param bool $unique Optional, default is false. Whether the same key should not be added. * @return bool False for failure. True for success. */ function add_user_meta($user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false) { return add_metadata('user', $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique); } /** * Remove metadata matching criteria from a user. * * You can match based on the key, or key and value. Removing based on key and * value, will keep from removing duplicate metadata with the same key. It also * allows removing all metadata matching key, if needed. * * @since 3.0.0 * @uses delete_metadata() * @link http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/delete_user_meta * * @param int $user_id user ID * @param string $meta_key Metadata name. * @param mixed $meta_value Optional. Metadata value. * @return bool False for failure. True for success. */ function delete_user_meta($user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value = '') { return delete_metadata('user', $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value); } /** * Retrieve user meta field for a user. * * @since 3.0.0 * @uses get_metadata() * @link http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/get_user_meta * * @param int $user_id Post ID. * @param string $key The meta key to retrieve. * @param bool $single Whether to return a single value. * @return mixed Will be an array if $single is false. Will be value of meta data field if $single * is true. */ function get_user_meta($user_id, $key = '', $single = false) { return get_metadata('user', $user_id, $key, $single); } /** * Update user meta field based on user ID. * * Use the $prev_value parameter to differentiate between meta fields with the * same key and user ID. * * If the meta field for the user does not exist, it will be added. * * @since 3.0.0 * @uses update_metadata * @link http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/update_user_meta * * @param int $user_id Post ID. * @param string $meta_key Metadata key. * @param mixed $meta_value Metadata value. * @param mixed $prev_value Optional. Previous value to check before removing. * @return bool False on failure, true if success. */ function update_user_meta($user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value = '') { return update_metadata('user', $user_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value); } /** * Count number of users who have each of the user roles. * * Assumes there are neither duplicated nor orphaned capabilities meta_values. * Assumes role names are unique phrases. Same assumption made by WP_User_Query::prepare_query() * Using $strategy = 'time' this is CPU-intensive and should handle around 10^7 users. * Using $strategy = 'memory' this is memory-intensive and should handle around 10^5 users, but see WP Bug #12257. * * @since 3.0.0 * @param string $strategy 'time' or 'memory' * @return array Includes a grand total and an array of counts indexed by role strings. */ function count_users($strategy = 'time') { global $wpdb, $wp_roles; // Initialize $id = get_current_blog_id(); $blog_prefix = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix($id); $result = array(); if ( 'time' == $strategy ) { global $wp_roles; if ( ! isset( $wp_roles ) ) $wp_roles = new WP_Roles(); $avail_roles = $wp_roles->get_names(); // Build a CPU-intensive query that will return concise information. $select_count = array(); foreach ( $avail_roles as $this_role => $name ) { $select_count[] = "COUNT(NULLIF(`meta_value` LIKE '%" . like_escape($this_role) . "%', FALSE))"; } $select_count = implode(', ', $select_count); // Add the meta_value index to the selection list, then run the query. $row = $wpdb->get_row( "SELECT $select_count, COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->usermeta WHERE meta_key = '{$blog_prefix}capabilities'", ARRAY_N ); // Run the previous loop again to associate results with role names. $col = 0; $role_counts = array(); foreach ( $avail_roles as $this_role => $name ) { $count = (int) $row[$col++]; if ($count > 0) { $role_counts[$this_role] = $count; } } // Get the meta_value index from the end of the result set. $total_users = (int) $row[$col]; $result['total_users'] = $total_users; $result['avail_roles'] =& $role_counts; } else { $avail_roles = array(); $users_of_blog = $wpdb->get_col( "SELECT meta_value FROM $wpdb->usermeta WHERE meta_key = '{$blog_prefix}capabilities'" ); foreach ( $users_of_blog as $caps_meta ) { $b_roles = unserialize($caps_meta); if ( is_array($b_roles) ) { foreach ( $b_roles as $b_role => $val ) { if ( isset($avail_roles[$b_role]) ) { $avail_roles[$b_role]++; } else { $avail_roles[$b_role] = 1; } } } } $result['total_users'] = count( $users_of_blog ); $result['avail_roles'] =& $avail_roles; } return $result; } // // Private helper functions // /** * Set up global user vars. * * Used by wp_set_current_user() for back compat. Might be deprecated in the future. * * @since 2.0.4 * @global string $userdata User description. * @global string $user_login The user username for logging in * @global int $user_level The level of the user * @global int $user_ID The ID of the user * @global string $user_email The email address of the user * @global string $user_url The url in the user's profile * @global string $user_pass_md5 MD5 of the user's password * @global string $user_identity The display name of the user * * @param int $for_user_id Optional. User ID to set up global data. */ function setup_userdata($for_user_id = '') { global $user_login, $userdata, $user_level, $user_ID, $user_email, $user_url, $user_pass_md5, $user_identity; if ( '' == $for_user_id ) $user = wp_get_current_user(); else $user = new WP_User($for_user_id); $userdata = $user->data; $user_ID = (int) $user->ID; $user_level = (int) isset($user->user_level) ? $user->user_level : 0; if ( 0 == $user->ID ) { $user_login = $user_email = $user_url = $user_pass_md5 = $user_identity = ''; return; } $user_login = $user->user_login; $user_email = $user->user_email; $user_url = $user->user_url; $user_pass_md5 = md5($user->user_pass); $user_identity = $user->display_name; } /** * Create dropdown HTML content of users. * * The content can either be displayed, which it is by default or retrieved by * setting the 'echo' argument. The 'include' and 'exclude' arguments do not * need to be used; all users will be displayed in that case. Only one can be * used, either 'include' or 'exclude', but not both. * * The available arguments are as follows: *