esphome-docs/components/sensor/ntc.rst

129 lines
3.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
Raw Normal View History

NTC Sensor
==========
.. seo::
:description: Instructions for setting up NTC thermistor sensor in ESPHome
:image: ntc.jpg
The ``ntc`` platform is a helper sensor that allows you to convert resistance readings
from a NTC thermistor to temperature readings.
First, you need to get resistance readings from the sensor - you can set this up with the
:doc:`resistance <resistance>` and :doc:`adc <adc>` sensors.
This platform will then convert the resistance values to temperature readings.
It also requires calibration parameters for this conversion. There are two
ways of obtaining these values: By looking at the datasheet or manual calculation.
If you have the datasheet of the thermistor, you can look at its "B-constant" and
reference temperature/resistance. For example `this product <https://www.adafruit.com/product/372>`__
would have the following calibration configuration.
.. code-block:: yaml
# Example configuration entry
sensor:
- platform: ntc
# ...
calibration:
b_constant: 3950
reference_temperature: 25°C
reference_resistance: 10kOhm
If you don't have access to the datasheet or want to calculate these values yourself,
you have to first measure three resistance values at different temperatures.
Heat/cool the NTC to three different temperatures (best if temperatures are far apart)
and write down the resistance readings at those temperatures. Then enter these values in the
calibration parameter:
.. code-block:: yaml
# Example configuration entry
sensor:
- platform: ntc
# ...
calibration:
- 10.0kOhm -> 25°C
- 27.219kOhm -> 0°C
- 14.674kOhm -> 15°C
.. code-block:: yaml
# Example configuration entry
sensor:
- platform: ntc
sensor: resistance_sensor
calibration:
b_constant: 3950
reference_temperature: 25°C
reference_resistance: 10kOhm
name: NTC Temperature
# Example source sensors:
- platform: resistance
id: resistance_sensor
sensor: source_sensor
configuration: DOWNSTREAM
resistor: 5.6kOhm
name: Resistance Sensor
- platform: adc
id: source_sensor
pin: A0
Configuration variables:
------------------------
- **name** (**Required**, string): The name for the sensor.
- **sensor** (**Required**, :ref:`config-id`): The sensor to read the resistance values from
to convert to temperature readings.
- **calibration** (**Required**, float): The calibration parameters of the sensor - see above
for more details.
- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Set the ID of this sensor for use in lambdas.
- All other options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
Self-Heating
------------
A constant voltage supply to the NTC sensor causes it to heat up and therefore creates unreliable temperature values.
So it's recommended to only supply the NTC sensor (and voltage divider) during the actual measurement.
More info `here <https://learn.adafruit.com/thermistor/using-a-thermistor#self-heating-3-22>`__.
To do this, replace the 3.3V side of the voltage divider with a connection to a GPIO pin. This GPIO pin will
be switched HIGH (3.3V) only during the measurement, thus preventing the sensor from heating up.
In the example below, the pin ``D0`` is the "top" side of the voltage divider:
.. code-block:: yaml
sensor:
# Same as before:
- platform: ntc
sensor: resistance_sensor
# ...
- platform: adc
pin: A0
id: source_sensor
# Added:
update_interval: never
switch:
- platform: gpio
pin: D0
id: ntc_vcc
interval:
- interval: 60s
then:
- switch.turn_on: ntc_vcc
- component.update: source_sensor
- switch.turn_off: ntc_vcc
See Also
--------
- :doc:`adc`
- :doc:`resistance`
- :ref:`sensor-filters`
2019-05-28 15:50:27 +02:00
- :apiref:`ntc/ntc.h`
- :ghedit:`Edit`