esphome-docs/components/touchscreen/xpt2046.rst

XPT2046 Touch Screen Controller (Updated version)
==================================================

.. seo::
    :description: Instructions for setting up XPT2046 touch screen controller with ESPHome
    :image: xpt2046.jpg
    :keywords: XPT2046

.. _xpt2046-component:

The ``xpt2046`` touchscreen platform allows using the touch screen controllers
based on the XPT2046 chip
(`datasheet <https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf-file/746665/XPTEK/XPT2046/1>`__,
`AZ-Delivery`_) with ESPHome. Many cheap LCD displays contain this controller.
The :ref:`SPI <spi>` is required to be set up in your configuration for this sensor to work.

.. figure:: images/xpt2046-full.jpg
    :align: center
    :width: 50.0%

    XPT2046 Touch Screen Controller

.. _AZ-Delivery: https://www.az-delivery.de/en/products/2-4-tft-lcd-touch-display

.. code-block:: yaml

    # Example configuration entry
    touchscreen:
      platform: xpt2046
      id: my_touchscreen
      cs_pin: 17
      interrupt_pin: 16
      update_interval: 50ms
      report_interval: 1s
      threshold: 400
      calibration_x_min: 3860
      calibration_x_max: 280
      calibration_y_min: 340
      calibration_y_max: 3860
      swap_x_y: false


Configuration variables:
------------------------
The configuration is made up of two parts: The touch screen component, and optional individual binary sensors.

Base Configuration:

- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Set the ID of this sensor.

- **cs_pin** (*Optional*, :ref:`Pin Schema <config-pin_schema>`): The chip select pin.
  Often marked ``T_CS`` on the board.

- **interrupt_pin** (*Optional*, :ref:`Pin Schema <config-pin_schema>`): The touch detection pin.
  Often marked ``T_IRQ`` on the board. If not specified the component will use polling
  via SPI. This key is renamed from **irq_pin**

- **update_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The interval to check the
  sensor. If ``interrupt_pin`` is specified the touch will be detected nearly instantaneously and this setting
  will be used only for the release detection. Defaults to ``50ms``.

- **report_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The interval to periodically
  report the coordinates while the touch screen is touched. Defaults to ``never``.

- **threshold** (*Optional*, int): The value to detect the touch or release. Defaults to ``400``.

- **calibration_x_min** (*Optional*, int): The raw value corresponding to the left
  (or top if ``swap_x_y`` is specified) edge of the display. See :ref:`xpt2046-calibration`
  for the process to calibrate the touch screen. Defaults to ``0``.

- **calibration_x_max** (*Optional*, int): The raw value corresponding to the right
  (or bottom if ``swap_x_y`` is specified) edge of the display. Defaults to ``4095``.

- **calibration_y_min** (*Optional*, int): The raw value corresponding to the top
  (or left if ``swap_x_y`` is specified) edge of the display. Defaults to ``0``.

- **calibration_y_max** (*Optional*, int): The raw value corresponding to the bottom
  (or right if ``swap_x_y`` is specified) edge of the display. Defaults to ``4095``.

- **swap_x_y** (*Optional*, boolean): If true the x and y axes are swapped. Defaults to ``false``.

- All other options from :ref:`config-touchscreen`.


.. _xpt2046-calibration:

Calibration
-----------

To match the point of the touch to the display coordinates the touch screen has to be calibrated.
The XPT2046 component returns raw values in the 0 to 4095 range. Those raw values are available
as the ``x_raw`` and ``y_raw`` member variables and for example write them out as in the example
:ref:`touchscreen-on_touch`. The goal of the calibration is to identify the raw values corresponding
to the edges of the screen.

The calibration assumes a display oriented in a way that you will be using it, i.e. your
:ref:`display-engine` component has to have the [0,0] logical coordinate at the top left.
Set the dimensions as ``dimension_x`` and ``dimension_y`` and do not set any calibration
values nor ``swap_x_y``.

.. code-block:: yaml

    # Touchscreen
    touchscreen:
      platform: xpt2046
      id: my_touchscreen
      cs_pin: 17
      on_touch:
        - lambda: |-
              ESP_LOGI("cal", "x=%d, y=%d, x_raw=%d, y_raw=%0d",
                  id(my_touchscreen).x,
                  id(my_touchscreen).y,
                  id(my_touchscreen).x_raw,
                  id(my_touchscreen).y_raw
                  );

Get a stylus or a similar object, run the project and touch the corners of the screen at
the edge pixels. Repeat several times and note minimum and maximum x and y raw values.

.. code-block:: none

    ... top left ...
    [21:07:48][I][cal:071]: x=217, y=34, x_raw=3718, y_raw=445
    [21:07:49][I][cal:071]: x=222, y=32, x_raw=3804, y_raw=419
    ... top right ...
    [21:07:52][I][cal:071]: x=19, y=36, x_raw=334, y_raw=370
    [21:07:52][I][cal:071]: x=22, y=35, x_raw=386, y_raw=347
    ... bottom left ...
    [21:08:00][I][cal:071]: x=224, y=299, x_raw=3836, y_raw=3835
    [21:08:00][I][cal:071]: x=225, y=303, x_raw=3848, y_raw=3878
    [21:08:01][I][cal:071]: x=223, y=299, x_raw=3807, y_raw=3829
    ... bottom right ...
    [21:08:11][I][cal:071]: x=16, y=299, x_raw=281, y_raw=3839
    [21:08:12][I][cal:071]: x=19, y=302, x_raw=328, y_raw=3866
    [21:08:13][I][cal:071]: x=20, y=296, x_raw=358, y_raw=3799

That means that the minimum raw x is 281, maximum 3848, minimum y 347 and maximum 3878.

Identify which raw value is the display's x direction and what the y one. In our case
moving right decreases the x raw value and going down increases the y one so the axes
match and we *don't* need to use ``swap_x_y``. If the raw x is the display's y,
use ``swap_x_y = true``.

If one of the coordinates goes in the "wrong" direction it needs to be inverted.
The inversion is performed by swapping the minimum and maximum values. In our
case the horizontal direction represented by the raw x (no swap) is inverted
so the ``calibration_x_min`` needs to be larger than ``calibration_x_max``.
The vertical direction is fine. The configuration would thus be

.. code-block:: yaml

    touchscreen:
      platform: xpt2046
      calibration_x_min: 3848
      calibration_x_max: 281
      calibration_y_min: 347
      calibration_y_max: 3878

Compile, run and click on the edges again. The x and y should now match the coordinates
of the display.

.. code-block:: none

    [21:32:34][I][cal:071]: x=7, y=6, x_raw=3755, y_raw=407
    [21:32:37][I][cal:071]: x=237, y=4, x_raw=313, y_raw=385
    [21:32:43][I][cal:071]: x=239, y=318, x_raw=284, y_raw=3845
    [21:33:05][I][cal:071]: x=2, y=313, x_raw=3821, y_raw=3793

Note that the touch screen is not extremely precise and there might be nonlinearities
or similar errors so don't expect a pixel-perfect precision. You can verify the touchpoint
using a display lambda similar to the following.

.. code-block:: yaml

    display:
      - platform: ili9341
        lambda: |-
          it.fill(BLACK);
          if (id(my_touchscreen).touched)
            it.filled_circle(id(my_touchscreen).x, id(my_touchscreen).y, 10, RED);

To be exact, the component does the following

- reads the raw x and y and normalizes it using (non-inverted) min and max values
- swaps x and y if needed
- inverts if needed
- scales to the display dimensions


See Also
--------

- :ref:`Binary Sensor Filters <binary_sensor-filters>`
- :apiref:`xpt2046/xpt2046.h`
- `XPT2046 Library <https://platformio.org/lib/show/542/XPT2046_Touchscreen>`__ by `Paul Stoffregen <https://github.com/PaulStoffregen>`__
- :ghedit:`Edit`