Support for MCP9600 sensor (#2217)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

components/sensor/mcp9600.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+MCP9600 Thermocouple Amplifier
+===========================================
+
+.. seo::
+    :description: Instructions for setting up the MCP9600 thermocouple amplifier
+    :image: mcp9600.jpg
+    :keywords: MCP9600
+
+The ``mcp9600`` sensor platform allows you to use your MCP9600 and MCP9601
+(`datasheet <https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/105/040/original/MCP960X-Data-Sheet-20005426%281%29.pdf>`__,
+`Adafruit`_) to measure the temperature of a connected thermocouple while also measuring the ambient temperature around the sensor with ESPHome. :ref:`I²C <i2c>` is
+required to be set up in your configuration for this sensor to work.
+
+.. warning::
+
+    The :ref:`I²C <i2c>` bus must be set to a minimum of ``100khz`` due to the limitations of the MCP9600 and MCP9601.
+
+.. figure:: images/mcp9600.jpg
+    :align: center
+    :width: 80.0%
+
+    MCP9600 Thermocouple Amplifier
+
+.. _Adafruit: https://www.adafruit.com/product/4101
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Example configuration entry
+    sensor:
+      - platform: mcp9600
+        hot_junction:
+          name: "Thermocouple Temperature"
+        cold_junction:
+          name: "Ambient Temperature"
+        thermocouple_type: K
+        address: 0x67
+        update_interval: 60s
+
+Configuration variables:
+------------------------
+
+- **hot_junction** (*Optional*): The information for the Hot Junction temperature sensor.
+
+  - **name** (**Required**, string): The name for the temperature
+    sensor.
+  - **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Set the ID of this sensor for use in lambdas.
+  - All other options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
+
+- **cold_junction** (*Optional*): The information for the Cold Junction temperature sensor.
+
+  - **name** (**Required**, string): The name for the temperature sensor.
+  - **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Set the ID of this sensor for use in lambdas.
+  - All other options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
+
+- **thermocouple_type** (*Optional*): Set the thermocouple type. Options are:
+  K, J, T, N, S, E, B and R type thermocouple. Defaults to ``K``.
+- **address** (*Optional*, int): Manually specify the I²C address of
+  the sensor. Defaults to ``0x67``.
+- **update_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The interval to check the
+  sensor. Defaults to ``60s``.
+
+See Also
+--------
+
+- :ref:`sensor-filters`
+- :apiref:`mcp9600/mcp9600.h`
+- `Adafruit MCP9600 Library <https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_MCP9600>`__ by `Adafruit <https://www.adafruit.com/>`__
+- `SparkFun MCP9600 Library <https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_MCP9600_Arduino_Library>`__ by `SparkFun <https://www.sparkfun.com/>`__
+- :ghedit:`Edit`

index.rst

@@ -380,7 +380,8 @@ Thermocouple
     MAX31855, components/sensor/max31855, max31855.jpg, K-Type
     MAX31856, components/sensor/max31856, max31856.jpg, All types
     MAX31865, components/sensor/max31865, max31865.jpg, Platinum RTD
-    MAX6675, components/sensor/max6675, max6675.jpg, K-Type
+    MAX6675, components/sensor/max6675, max6675.jpg, K-Type,
+    MCP9600, components/sensor/mcp9600, mcp9600.jpg, All types
 
 
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