Add PCA6416A (#2834)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

components/pca6416a.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+PCA6416A I/O Expander
+=====================
+
+.. seo::
+    :description: Instructions for setting up PCA6416A and PCAL6416A, digital port expanders in ESPHome.
+    :image: pca6416a.svg
+
+The PCA6416A component allows you to use **PCA6416A** or **PCAL6416A** I/O expanders in ESPHome.
+It uses :ref:`I²C Bus <i2c>` for communication.
+
+Once configured, you can use any of the **16** pins for your projects. Within ESPHome they emulate a real internal
+GPIO pin and can therefore be used with many of ESPHome's components such as the GPIO binary sensor or GPIO switch.
+
+.. note::
+
+    The 7 bit I²C device address ranges are:
+
+    - PCA6416A: ``0x20`` to ``0x21``
+    - PCAL6416A: ``0x20`` to ``0x21``
+
+    For the PCA6416A and PCAL6416A, the actual choice of the I²C device address depends on state of the address pin.
+    Please refer to the individual datasheets linked at the bottom of the page for further details to set the address.
+
+    Up to two PCA6416A or PCAL6416A devices can reside on the same I²C bus.
+
+    The PCA6416A and PCAL6416A provide 16 bits of GPIO's (pin numbers 0-15).
+
+    Only the PCAL6416A supports pull-up resistors.
+
+    Any option accepting a :ref:`Pin Schema <config-pin_schema>` can theoretically be used, but some more
+    complicated components that do communication through this I/O expander will not work.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Example configuration entry
+    pca6416a:
+      - id: 'pca6416a_device'
+        address: 0x20
+
+    # Individual outputs
+    switch:
+      - platform: gpio
+        name: "PCA6416A Pin #0"
+        pin:
+          pca6416a: pca6416a_device
+          # Use pin number 0
+          number: 0
+          # One of INPUT or OUTPUT
+          mode:
+            output: true
+          inverted: false
+
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Example configuration entry
+    pca6416a:
+      - id: 'pcal6416a_device'
+        address: 0x20
+
+    # Individual outputs
+    switch:
+      - platform: gpio
+        name: "PCAL6416A Pin #0"
+        pin:
+          pca6416a: pcal6416a_device
+          # Use pin number 0
+          number: 0
+          # One of INPUT, INPUT_PULLUP or OUTPUT
+          mode:
+            input: true
+            pullup: true
+          inverted: false
+
+Configuration variables:
+************************
+
+- **id** (**Required**, :ref:`config-id`): The id to use for this ``pca6416a`` component.
+- **address** (*Optional*, int): The I²C address of the driver.
+  Defaults to ``0x20``.
+
+
+
+Pin configuration variables:
+****************************
+
+- **pca6416a** (**Required**, :ref:`config-id`): The id of the ``pca6416a`` component of the pin.
+- **number** (**Required**, int): The pin number.
+- **inverted** (*Optional*, boolean): If all read and written values
+  should be treated as inverted. Defaults to ``false``.
+- **mode** (*Optional*, string): A pin mode to set for the pin at. One of ``INPUT`` or ``OUTPUT``.
+
+
+See Also
+--------
+
+- :ref:`i2c`
+- :doc:`switch/gpio`
+- :doc:`binary_sensor/gpio`
+- `PCA6416A datasheet <https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA6416A.pdf>`__
+- `PCAL6416A datasheet <https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCAL6416A.pdf>`__
+- :apiref:`pca6416a/pca6416a.h`
+- :ghedit:`Edit`

images/pca6416a.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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index.rst

@@ -770,6 +770,7 @@ Miscellaneous Components
     Servo, components/servo, servo.svg
     Sprinkler, components/sprinkler, sprinkler-variant.svg
 
+    PCA6416A I/O Expander, components/pca6416a, pca6416a.svg
     PCA9554 I/O Expander, components/pca9554, pca9554a.jpg
     PCF8574 I/O Expander, components/pcf8574, pcf8574.jpg
     MCP230XX I/O Expander - I²C Bus, components/mcp230xx, mcp230xx.svg