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Break out packages + substitutions docs (#4095)
Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: H. Árkosi Róbert <robreg@zsurob.hu>
This commit is contained in:
Keith Burzinski
GitHub
parent
8620a20f83
commit
6c4e581ec3
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Other notable changes:
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(:ref:`wifi-networks`)
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- GPIO Switches have a new option ``restore_mode`` to configure how their values should be restored on boot.
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(:doc:`/components/switch/gpio`)
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- Added :ref:`substitutions <config-substitutions>` to reduce repeating across configs.
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- Added :doc:`/components/substitutions/index` to reduce repeating across configs.
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- Validation error messages are now displayed even better. Now all errors are shown with the exact context
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where the error appeared. Try it, it's so much better. Next step will be to upgrade to a better YAML reader
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to provide better error messages when the YAML syntax is invalid.
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@ -34,4 +34,6 @@ Components
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text/index
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update/index
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valve/index
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packages/index
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substitutions/index
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*
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203
components/packages/index.rst
Normal file
203
components/packages/index.rst
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
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Packages
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========
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.. seo::
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:description: How to use packages in ESPHome
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:image: settings.svg
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When you have many ESPHome devices (or are producing and distributing them at scale), a common need tends to surface:
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configuration modularization. You'll likely want to break your configuration into common (groups of) elements, building
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it into reusable pieces which can subsequently be used by many/all devices. Only unique pieces of your configuration
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remain in any given device's YAML configuration file.
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This can be accomplished with ESPHome's ``packages`` feature.
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All definitions from packages will be merged with your device's main configuration in a non-destructive way. This
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allows overriding (parts of) configuration contained in the package(s). Substitutions in your main configuration will
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override substitutions with the same name in a package.
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Dictionaries are merged key-by-key. Lists of components are merged by component ID (if specified). Other lists are
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merged by concatenation. All other configuration values are replaced with the later value.
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ESPHome uses ``!include`` to "bring in" packages; this is a syntax brought over from
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`Home Assistant's YAML configuration directives <https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/configuration/splitting_configuration/>`__.
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Local Packages
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--------------
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Consider the following example where the author put common pieces of configuration (like Wi-Fi and API) into base files
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and then extends it with some device-specific configuration in the main configuration.
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Note how the piece of configuration describing ``api`` component in ``device_base.yaml`` gets merged with the services
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definitions from main configuration file.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In config.yaml
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packages:
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wifi: !include common/wifi.yaml
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device_base: !include common/device_base.yaml
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api:
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services:
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- service: start_laundry
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then:
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- switch.turn_on: relay
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# any additional configuration...
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In wifi.yaml
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wifi:
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ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
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password: !secret wifi_password
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In device_base.yaml
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esphome:
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name: ${node_name}
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esp32:
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board: wemos_d1_mini32
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logger:
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api:
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encryption:
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key: !secret api_encryption_key
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.. _config-git_packages:
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Remote/Git Packages
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-------------------
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Packages can also be loaded from a Git repository by utilizing the correct configuration syntax.
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:doc:`/components/substitutions/index` can be used inside the remote packages which allows users to override
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them locally with their own substitution value.
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.. note::
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Remote packages cannot have ``secret`` lookups in them. They should instead make use of substitutions with an
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optional default in the packaged YAML, which the local device YAML can set using values from the local secrets.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Git repo examples
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packages:
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# shorthand form github://username/repository/[folder/]file-path.yml[@branch-or-tag]
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remote_package_shorthand: github://esphome/non-existant-repo/file1.yml@main
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remote_package_files:
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url: https://github.com/esphome/non-existant-repo
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files: [file1.yml, file2.yml] # optional; if not specified, all files will be included
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ref: main # optional
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refresh: 1d # optional
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Configuration variables:
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------------------------
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For each package:
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- **url** (**Required**, string): The URL for the repository.
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- **username** (*Optional*, string): Username to be used for authentication, if required.
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- **password** (*Optional*, string): Password to be used for authentication, if required.
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- **files** (**Required**, list of strings): List of files to include.
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- **ref** (*Optional*, string): The Git ref(erence) to be used when pulling content from the repository.
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- **refresh** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The interval at which the content from the repository should be refreshed.
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Packages as Templates
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---------------------
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Since packages are incorporated using the ``!include`` system, variables can be provided to them. This means that
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packages can be used as *templates*, allowing complex or repetitive configurations to be stored in a package file
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and then incorporated into the configuration more than once.
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Packages may also contain a ``defaults`` block which provides subsitutions for variables not provided by the
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``!include`` block.
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As an example, if the configuration needed to support three garage doors using the ``gpio`` switch platform and the
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``time_based`` cover platform, it could be constructed like this:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In config.yaml
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packages:
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left_garage_door: !include
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file: garage-door.yaml
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vars:
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door_name: Left
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vars:
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door_name: Middle
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vars:
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door_name: Right
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In garage-door.yaml
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switch:
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- name: ${door_name} Garage Door Switch
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platform: gpio
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# ...
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Extend
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------
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To make changes or add additional configuration to included configurations, ``!extend config_id`` can be used, where
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``config_id`` is the ID of the configuration to modify.
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For example, to set a specific update interval on a common uptime sensor that is shared between configurations:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In common.yaml
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captive_portal:
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sensor:
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- platform: uptime
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id: uptime_sensor
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update_interval: 1min
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.. code-block:: yaml
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packages:
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common: !include common.yaml
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sensor:
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- id: !extend uptime_sensor
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update_interval: 10s
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Remove
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------
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To remove existing entries from included configurations, ``!remove [config_id]`` can be used, where ``config_id`` is
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the ID of the entry to modify.
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For example, to remove a common uptime sensor that is shared between configurations:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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packages:
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common: !include common.yaml # see above
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sensor:
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- id: !remove uptime_sensor
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To remove captive portal for a specific device:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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packages:
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common: !include common.yaml # see above
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captive_portal: !remove
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See Also
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--------
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- :doc:`ESPHome index </index>`
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- :doc:`/guides/getting_started_command_line`
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- :doc:`/guides/faq`
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- :ghedit:`Edit`
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162
components/substitutions/index.rst
Normal file
162
components/substitutions/index.rst
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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Substitutions
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=============
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.. seo::
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:description: How to use substitutions in ESPHome
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:image: settings.svg
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ESPHome has a powerful way to reduce repetition in configuration files: substitutions.
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With substitutions, you can have a single generic source file for all nodes of one kind and
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substitute expressions in as required.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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substitutions:
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bme280_temperature_offset: "-1.0"
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sensor:
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- platform: bme280_i2c
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temperature:
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name: BME280 Temperature
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filters:
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- offset: ${bme280_temperature_offset}
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In the top-level ``substitutions`` section, you can put as many key-value pairs as you want. Before
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validating your configuration, ESPHome will automatically replace all occurrences of substitutions
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by their value. The syntax for a substitution is based on bash and is case-sensitive: ``$substitution_key`` or
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``${substitution_key}`` (same).
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Two substitution passes are performed allowing compound replacements.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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substitutions:
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foo: yellow
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bar_yellow_value: !secret yellow_secret
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bar_green_value: !secret green_secret
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something:
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test: ${bar_${foo}_value}
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.. _substitute-include-variables:
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Substitute !include variables
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-----------------------------
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ESPHome's ``!include`` accepts a list of variables that can be substituted within the included file.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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binary_sensor:
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- platform: gpio
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id: button1
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pin: GPIOXX
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on_multi_click: !include { file: on-multi-click.yaml, vars: { id: 1 } } # inline syntax
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- platform: gpio
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id: button2
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pin: GPIOXX
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on_multi_click: !include
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# multi-line syntax
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file: on-multi-click.yaml
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vars:
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id: 2
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``on-multi-click.yaml``:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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- timing: !include click-single.yaml
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then:
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- mqtt.publish:
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topic: ${device_name}/button${id}/status
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payload: single
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- timing: !include click-double.yaml
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then:
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- mqtt.publish:
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topic: ${device_name}/button${id}/status
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payload: double
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.. _command-line-substitutions:
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Command line substitutions
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--------------------------
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You can define or override substitutions from the command line by adding the ``-s`` switch with arguments ``KEY`` and
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``VALUE``. This will override the substitution ``KEY`` and assign it the value ``VALUE``. This switch can be included
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multiple times. Consider the following ``example.yaml`` file:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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substitutions:
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name: my_default_name
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esphome:
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name: $name
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...and the following command:
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.. code-block:: bash
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esphome -s name my_device01 config example.yaml
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You will get something like the following output:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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substitutions:
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name: my_device01
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esphome:
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name: my_device01
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# ...
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Command line substitutions take precedence over those in your configuration file. This can be used to create generic
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"template" configuration files (like ``example.yaml`` above) which can be used by multiple devices, leveraging
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substitutions which are provided on the command line.
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.. _YAML-insertion-operator:
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Bonus: YAML insertion operator
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------------------------------
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Additionally, you can use the YAML insertion operator ``<<`` syntax to create a single YAML file from which a number
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of nodes inherit:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In common.yaml
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esphome:
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name: $devicename
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# ...
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sensor:
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- platform: dht
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# ...
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temperature:
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name: Temperature
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humidity:
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name: Humidity
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In nodemcu1.yaml
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substitutions:
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devicename: nodemcu1
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<<: !include common.yaml
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.. tip::
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To hide these base files from the dashboard, you can
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- Place them in a subdirectory (dashboard only shows files in top-level directory)
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- Prepend a dot to the filename, like ``.base.yaml``
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See Also
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--------
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- :doc:`ESPHome index </index>`
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- :doc:`/guides/getting_started_command_line`
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- :doc:`/guides/faq`
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- :ghedit:`Edit`
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@ -163,423 +163,6 @@ There are several ways of doing this. See below examples to see how you can spec
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update_interval: never # never update
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update_interval: 0ms # update in every loop() iteration
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.. _config-substitutions:
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Substitutions
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-------------
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ESPHome has a powerful new way to reduce repetition in configuration files: Substitutions.
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With substitutions, you can have a single generic source file for all nodes of one kind and
|
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substitute expressions in.
|
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.. code-block:: yaml
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substitutions:
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devicename: livingroom
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upper_devicename: Livingroom
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esphome:
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name: $devicename
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# ...
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sensor:
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- platform: dht
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# ...
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temperature:
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name: ${upper_devicename} Temperature
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humidity:
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name: ${upper_devicename} Humidity
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In the top-level ``substitutions`` section, you can put as many key-value pairs as you want. Before
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validating your configuration, ESPHome will automatically replace all occurrences of substitutions
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by their value. The syntax for a substitution is based on bash and is case-sensitive: ``$substitution_key`` or
|
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``${substitution_key}`` (same).
|
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|
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Two substitution passes are performed allowing compound replacements.
|
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.. code-block:: yaml
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|
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substitutions:
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foo: yellow
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bar_yellow_value: !secret yellow_secret
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bar_green_value: !secret green_secret
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something:
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test: ${bar_${foo}_value}
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.. _YAML-insertion-operator:
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YAML insertion operator
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***********************
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|
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Additionally, you can use the YAML insertion operator ``<<`` syntax to create a single YAML file from which a number
|
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of nodes inherit:
|
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|
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In common.yaml
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esphome:
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name: $devicename
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# ...
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sensor:
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- platform: dht
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# ...
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temperature:
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name: ${upper_devicename} Temperature
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humidity:
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name: ${upper_devicename} Humidity
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In nodemcu1.yaml
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substitutions:
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devicename: nodemcu1
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upper_devicename: NodeMCU 1
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<<: !include common.yaml
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.. tip::
|
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|
||||
To hide these base files from the dashboard, you can
|
||||
|
||||
- Place them in a subdirectory (dashboard only shows files in top-level directory)
|
||||
- Prepend a dot to the filename, like ``.base.yaml``
|
||||
|
||||
.. _substitute-include-variables:
|
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|
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Substitute !include variables
|
||||
*****************************
|
||||
|
||||
ESPHome's ``!include`` accepts a list of variables that can be substituted within the included file.
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
binary_sensor:
|
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- platform: gpio
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id: button1
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pin: GPIOXX
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||||
on_multi_click: !include { file: on-multi-click.yaml, vars: { id: 1 } } # inline syntax
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||||
- platform: gpio
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||||
id: button2
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||||
pin: GPIOXX
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on_multi_click: !include
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# multi-line syntax
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||||
file: on-multi-click.yaml
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||||
vars:
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id: 2
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||||
``on-multi-click.yaml``:
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||||
.. code-block:: yaml
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||||
|
||||
- timing: !include click-single.yaml
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then:
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- mqtt.publish:
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topic: ${device_name}/button${id}/status
|
||||
payload: single
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||||
- timing: !include click-double.yaml
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then:
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- mqtt.publish:
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topic: ${device_name}/button${id}/status
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payload: double
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.. _command-line-substitutions:
|
||||
|
||||
Command line substitutions
|
||||
**************************
|
||||
|
||||
You can define or override substitutions from the command line by adding e.g. ``-s KEY VALUE``
|
||||
which overrides substitution KEY and gives it value VALUE. This can be issued multiple times,
|
||||
so e.g. with the following ``example.yaml`` file:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
substitutions:
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name: default
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||||
platform: ESP8266
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||||
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||||
esphome:
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name: $name
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||||
platform: $platform
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||||
board: $board
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||||
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||||
and the following command:
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||||
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.. code-block:: bash
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||||
esphome -s name device01 -s board esp01_1m example.yaml config
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||||
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||||
You will get something like the following output (please note the unchanged ``platform``,
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||||
added ``board``, and overridden ``name`` substitutions):
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||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
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||||
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||||
substitutions:
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||||
name: device01
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||||
platform: ESP8266
|
||||
board: esp01_1m
|
||||
esphome:
|
||||
name: device01
|
||||
platform: ESP8266
|
||||
board: esp01_1m
|
||||
includes: []
|
||||
libraries: []
|
||||
esp8266_restore_from_flash: false
|
||||
build_path: device01
|
||||
platformio_options: {}
|
||||
arduino_version: espressif8266@2.2.3
|
||||
|
||||
We can observe here that command line substitutions take precedence over the ones in
|
||||
your configuration file. This can be used to create generic 'template' configuration
|
||||
files (like the ``example.yaml`` above) which can be used for multiple devices,
|
||||
using substitutions which are provided on the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _config-packages:
|
||||
|
||||
Packages
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
Another way to modularize and reuse your configuration is to use packages. This feature allows
|
||||
you to put common pieces of configuration in separate files and keep only unique pieces of your
|
||||
config in the main yaml file. All definitions from packages will be merged with your main
|
||||
config in non-destructive way so you could always override some bits and pieces of package
|
||||
configuration. Substitutions in your main config will override substitutions with the same
|
||||
name in a package.
|
||||
|
||||
Dictionaries are merged key-by-key. Lists of components are merged by component
|
||||
ID if specified. Other lists are merged by concatenation. All other config
|
||||
values are replaced with the later value.
|
||||
|
||||
Local packages
|
||||
**************
|
||||
|
||||
Consider the following example where the author put common pieces of configuration like WiFi and
|
||||
I²C into base files and extends it with some device specific configurations in the main config.
|
||||
|
||||
Note how the piece of configuration describing ``api`` component in ``device_base.yaml`` gets
|
||||
merged with the services definitions from main config file.
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
# In config.yaml
|
||||
substitutions:
|
||||
node_name: mydevice
|
||||
device_verbose_name: "My Device"
|
||||
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
wifi: !include common/wifi.yaml
|
||||
device_base: !include common/device_base.yaml
|
||||
|
||||
api:
|
||||
services:
|
||||
- service: start_laundry
|
||||
then:
|
||||
- switch.turn_on: relay
|
||||
- delay: 3h
|
||||
- switch.turn_off: relay
|
||||
|
||||
sensor:
|
||||
- platform: mhz19
|
||||
co2:
|
||||
name: "CO2"
|
||||
temperature:
|
||||
name: "Temperature"
|
||||
update_interval: 60s
|
||||
automatic_baseline_calibration: false
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
# In wifi.yaml
|
||||
wifi:
|
||||
ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
|
||||
password: !secret wifi_password
|
||||
domain: .yourdomain.lan
|
||||
fast_connect: true
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
# In device_base.yaml
|
||||
esphome:
|
||||
name: ${node_name}
|
||||
platform: ESP32
|
||||
board: wemos_d1_mini32
|
||||
build_path: ./build/${node_name}
|
||||
|
||||
# I²C Bus
|
||||
i2c:
|
||||
sda: GPIOXX
|
||||
scl: GPIOXX
|
||||
scan: true
|
||||
frequency: 100kHz
|
||||
|
||||
# Enable logging
|
||||
logger:
|
||||
level: ${log_level}
|
||||
|
||||
api:
|
||||
encryption:
|
||||
key: !secret api_encryption_key
|
||||
reboot_timeout: 1h
|
||||
|
||||
sensor:
|
||||
- <<: !include common/sensor/uptime.config.yaml
|
||||
- <<: !include common/sensor/wifi_signal.config.yaml
|
||||
binary_sensor:
|
||||
- <<: !include common/binary_sensor/connection_status.config.yaml
|
||||
|
||||
switch:
|
||||
- <<: !include common/switch/restart_switch.config.yaml
|
||||
|
||||
.. _config-git_packages:
|
||||
|
||||
Remote/git Packages
|
||||
*******************
|
||||
|
||||
Packages can also be loaded from a git repository by utilizing the correct config syntax.
|
||||
:ref:`config-substitutions` can be used inside the remote packages which allows users to override
|
||||
them locally with their own subsitution value.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
Remote packages cannot have ``secret`` lookups in them. They should instead make use of substitutions with an
|
||||
optional default in the packaged YAML, which the local device YAML can set using values from the local secrets.
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
# Git repo examples
|
||||
remote_package:
|
||||
url: https://github.com/esphome/non-existant-repo
|
||||
ref: main # optional
|
||||
files: [file1.yml, file2.yml]
|
||||
refresh: 1d # optional
|
||||
|
||||
# A single file can be expressed using `file` or `files` as a string
|
||||
remote_package_two:
|
||||
url: https://github.com/esphome/non-existant-repo
|
||||
file: file1.yml # cannot be combined with `files`
|
||||
# files: file1.yml
|
||||
|
||||
# shorthand form github://username/repository/[folder/]file-path.yml[@branch-or-tag]
|
||||
remote_package_three: github://esphome/non-existant-repo/file1.yml@main
|
||||
|
||||
Packages as Templates
|
||||
*********************
|
||||
|
||||
Since packages are incorporated using the ``!include`` system,
|
||||
variables can be provided to them. This means that packages can be
|
||||
used as `templates`, allowing complex or repetitive configurations to
|
||||
be stored in a package file and then incorporated into the
|
||||
configuration more than once.
|
||||
Additionally packages could contain a ``defaults`` block which provides
|
||||
subsitutions for variables not provided by the ``!include`` block.
|
||||
|
||||
As an example, if the configuration needed to support three garage
|
||||
doors using the ``gpio`` switch platform and the ``time_based`` cover
|
||||
platform, it could be constructed like this:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
# In config.yaml
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
left_garage_door: !include
|
||||
file: garage-door.yaml
|
||||
vars:
|
||||
door_name: Left
|
||||
door_location: left
|
||||
open_switch_gpio: 25
|
||||
close_switch_gpio: 26
|
||||
middle_garage_door: !include
|
||||
file: garage-door.yaml
|
||||
vars:
|
||||
door_name: Middle
|
||||
door_location: middle
|
||||
open_switch_gpio: 27
|
||||
close_switch_gpio: 29
|
||||
right_garage_door: !include
|
||||
file: garage-door.yaml
|
||||
vars:
|
||||
door_name: Right
|
||||
door_location: right
|
||||
open_switch_gpio: 15
|
||||
close_switch_gpio: 18
|
||||
open_duration: "1min"
|
||||
close_duration: "50s"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
# In garage-door.yaml
|
||||
defaults:
|
||||
open_duration: "2.1min"
|
||||
close_duration: "2min"
|
||||
|
||||
switch:
|
||||
- id: open_${door_location}_door_switch
|
||||
name: ${door_name} Garage Door Open Switch
|
||||
platform: gpio
|
||||
pin: ${open_switch_gpio}
|
||||
|
||||
- id: close_${door_location}_door_switch
|
||||
name: ${door_name} Garage Door Close Switch
|
||||
platform: gpio
|
||||
pin: ${close_switch_gpio}
|
||||
|
||||
cover:
|
||||
- platform: time_based
|
||||
name: ${door_name} Garage Door
|
||||
|
||||
open_action:
|
||||
- switch.turn_on: open_${door_location}_door_switch
|
||||
open_duration: ${open_duration}
|
||||
|
||||
close_action:
|
||||
- switch.turn_on: close_${door_location}_door_switch
|
||||
close_duration: ${close_duration}
|
||||
|
||||
stop_action:
|
||||
- switch.turn_off: open_${door_location}_door_switch
|
||||
- switch.turn_off: close_${door_location}_door_switch
|
||||
|
||||
Extend
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
To make changes or add additional configuration to included configurations ``!extend config_id`` can be used, where ``config_id`` is the ID of the configuration to modify.
|
||||
For example to set a specific update interval on a common uptime sensor that is shared between configurations:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
common: !include common.yaml
|
||||
|
||||
sensor:
|
||||
- id: !extend uptime_sensor
|
||||
update_interval: 10s
|
||||
|
||||
Remove
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
To remove existing entries from included configurations ``!remove [config_id]`` can be used, where ``config_id`` is the ID of the entry to modify.
|
||||
For example to remove a common uptime sensor that is shared between configurations:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
common: !include common.yaml
|
||||
|
||||
sensor:
|
||||
- id: !remove uptime_sensor
|
||||
|
||||
To remove captive portal for a specific device:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: yaml
|
||||
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
common: !include common.yaml
|
||||
|
||||
captive_portal: !remove
|
||||
|
||||
See Also
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Tips for using ESPHome
|
||||
payload: double
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
For even more configuration templating, take a look at :ref:`config-substitutions`.
|
||||
For even more configuration templating, take a look at :doc:`/components/substitutions/index`.
|
||||
|
||||
2. If you want to see how ESPHome interprets your configuration, run
|
||||
|
||||
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Tips for using ESPHome
|
||||
|
||||
5. You can view the full list of command line interface options here: :doc:`/guides/cli`
|
||||
|
||||
6. Use :ref:`substitutions <config-substitutions>` to reduce repetition in your configuration files.
|
||||
6. Use :doc:`/components/substitutions/index` to reduce repetition in your configuration files.
|
||||
|
||||
.. |secret| replace:: ``!secret``
|
||||
.. _secret: https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/configuration/secrets/
|
||||
|
||||
11
index.rst
11
index.rst
@ -174,6 +174,17 @@ ESPHome-specific components or components supporting ESPHome device provisioning
|
||||
Interval, components/interval, description.svg, dark-invert
|
||||
Script, components/script, description.svg, dark-invert
|
||||
|
||||
ESPHome Configuration
|
||||
---------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Streamline your ESPHome configuration and/or use components provided by other contributors.
|
||||
|
||||
.. imgtable::
|
||||
|
||||
External Components, components/external_components, external_components.svg, dark-invert
|
||||
Packages, components/packages/index, description.svg, dark-invert
|
||||
Substitutions, components/substitutions/index, description.svg, dark-invert
|
||||
|
||||
Network Hardware
|
||||
----------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user