Added tmp102 Temperature sensor docs (#451)

* Added tmp102 docs

* Corrected keywords to reference TMP102

Was still set to HTU21D (the doc I used as a template)

* Optimize index image

* Update to match code

* Remove dead reference

* add address

Co-authored-by: Otto Winter <otto@otto-winter.com>
Co-authored-by: Guillermo Ruffino <glm.net@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

components/sensor/tmp102.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+TMP102 Temperature Sensor
+=========================
+
+.. seo::
+    :description: Instructions for setting up TMP102 temperature sensors.
+    :image: tmp102.jpg
+    :keywords: TMP102
+
+The TMP102 Temperature sensor allows you to use your TMP102
+(`Sparkfun <https://www.sparkfun.com/products/13314>`__) sensors with
+ESPHome. The :ref:`I²C Bus <i2c>` is required to be set up in your
+configuration for this sensor to work.
+
+.. figure:: images/tmp102-full.jpg
+    :align: center
+    :width: 50.0%
+
+    TMP102 Temperature Sensor.
+
+.. figure:: images/temperature.png
+    :align: center
+    :width: 80.0%
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Example configuration entry
+    sensor:
+      - platform: tmp102
+        name: "Living Room Temperature"
+        update_interval: 60s
+
+Configuration variables:
+------------------------
+
+- **name** (**Required**, string): The name for the temperature sensor.
+- **update_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The interval to check the sensor. Defaults to ``60s``.
+- **address** (*Optional*, int): The I²C address of the sensor. Defauls to ``0x48``.
+  See :ref:`I²C Addresses <tmp117_i2c_addresses>` for more information.
+- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Set the ID of this sensor for use in lambdas.
+- All other options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
+
+See Also
+--------
+
+- :ref:`sensor-filters`
+- :doc:`dht`
+- :doc:`dht12`
+- :doc:`hdc1080`
+- :doc:`sht3xd`
+- :doc:`htu21d`
+- :apiref:`tmp102/tmp102.h`
+- :ghedit:`Edit`

index.rst

@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ Sensor Components
     SGP30, components/sensor/sgp30, sgp30.jpg
     TCS34725, components/sensor/tcs34725, tcs34725.jpg
     Template Sensor, components/sensor/template, description.svg
+    TMP102, components/sensor/tmp102, tmp102.jpg
     TMP117, components/sensor/tmp117, tmp117.jpg
     Total Daily Energy, components/sensor/total_daily_energy, sigma.svg
     TSL2561, components/sensor/tsl2561, tsl2561.jpg