Add ATM90E26 documentation (#3002)
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ATM90E26 Power Sensor
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=====================
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.. seo::
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:description: Instructions for setting up ATM90E26 energy metering sensors
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:image: atm90e26.jpg
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:keywords: ATM90E26, Single-Phase High-Performance Wide-SpanEnergy Metering IC, Single Phase Energy Meter
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The ``atm90e26`` sensor platform allows you to use your ATM90E26 voltage/current and power sensors
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(`datasheet <https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-46002-SE-M90E26-Datasheet.pdf>`__) with
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ESPHome. This sensor is found in the `DitroniX GTEM ESP32 <https://ditronix.net/wiki/gtem-esp32-atm90e26-sdk-v1-specification/>`__ energy meter and other devices.
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Communication with the device is done via an :ref:`SPI bus <spi>`, so you need to have an ``spi:`` entry in your configuration
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with both ``mosi_pin`` and ``miso_pin`` set.
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The ATM90E26 IC measures a single phase's voltage (using a transformer) and current (using a shunt or CT clamp)
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and additionally provides active, reactive, and apparent power, frequency, power factor and phase angle measurements.
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Configuration variables:
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------------------------
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- **cs_pin** (**Required**, :ref:`Pin Schema <config-pin_schema>`): The pin CS is connected to. For the 6 channel meter main board, this will always be 5 and 4. For the add-on boards a jumper can be selected for each CS pin, but default to 0 and 16.
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- **line_frequency** (**Required**, string): The AC line frequency of the supply voltage. One of ``50Hz``, ``60Hz``.
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- **meter_constant** (**Required**, float): The number of pulses per kWh. The ATM90E26 internally works based on pulses and this value converts a pulse into Wh, which are emitted as `forward_active_energy` etc. Matching it against an existing meter is useful in that it allows visual confirmation for some devices that blink an LED for each pulse. Common values are 1000 pulses/kWh, 1666.66 pulses/kWh, or 3200 pulses/kWh. See also **gain_metering** which determines after how much energy a pulse is emitted.
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- **voltage** (*Optional*): Use the voltage value of this phase in V (RMS).
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All options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
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- **current** (*Optional*): Use the current value of this phase in amperes. All options from
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:ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
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- **power** (*Optional*): Use the power value on this phase in watts. All options from
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:ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
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- **reactive_power** (*Optional*): Use the reactive power value on this phase. All options from
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:ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
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- **power_factor** (*Optional*): Use the power factor value on this phase. All options from
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:ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
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- **forward_active_energy** (*Optional*): Use the forward active energy value on this phase in watt-hours.
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All options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
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- **reverse_active_energy** (*Optional*): Use the reverse active energy value on this phase in watt-hours.
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All options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
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- **frequency** (*Optional*): Use the frequency value calculated by the meter. All options from
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:ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
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- **pl_const** (*Optional*, int): A constant derived from the physical characteristics of your measurement setup. See the Calibration section.
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Defaults to ``1429876``.
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- **gain_metering** (*Optional*, int): This value determines how quickly internal energy registers accumulate and hence defines the value of a "pulse". Matching it against an existing meter is useful in that it allows visual confirmation for some devices that blink an LED for each pulse. See also the **meter_constant**.
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Defaults to ``7481``.
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- **gain_voltage** (*Optional*, int): Voltage gain to scale the low voltage AC power back to household mains feed.
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Defaults to ``26400``.
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- **gain_ct** (*Optional*, int): CT clamp calibration value.
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Defaults to ``31251``.
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- **gain_pga** (*Optional*, string): The gain for the CT clamp. Valid values are ``1X``, ``4X``, ``8X``, ``16X``, and ``24X``.
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Defaults to ``1X``.
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- **update_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The interval to check the sensor. Defaults to ``60s``.
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- **spi_id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID of the :ref:`SPI Component <spi>` if you want
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to use multiple SPI buses.
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Calibration
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-----------
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This sensor needs calibration to show correct values. In order to calibrate your AC-AC transformer and CT clamp
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it is easiest to start with the default values and then adjust them as necessary while measuring a known current.
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For a more accurate calibration you can use a Kill-A-Watt or similar meter.
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**Voltage** is adjusted linearly to bring the observed value in agreement with a reference measurement. If your
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Kill-A-Watt shows 241 Volts and the ATM90E26 shows 234 Volts using the default `gain_voltage` of 26400, it would
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need to be adjusted to `241 / 234 * 26400 = 27190`.
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**Current** is best measured with an ideal load (e.g. a space heater). The process is the same as for voltage, but
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you modify the `gain_ct` value instead. For a SCT-013-000 clamp a value of 28621 worked well for me but you should
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calibrate your specific clamp. Note that the ATM90E26 can output a **maximum current of 65A**. If you expect to
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measure higher current, simply "mis-calibrate" the CT clamp by a factor of e.g. 2 so that the ATM90E26 thinks it is
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measuring a lower current (e.g. 10A when 20A are flowing) and multiply the sensor's output by 2.
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**PL Constant** is computed using the physical characteristics of the device we use. We compute the constant
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as `as 838860800 * gain_pga * <mV at 1A current> * <mV at ref voltage> / (<pulse constant> * <ref voltage>)`.
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See Section 3.2.2 in the
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`application note <https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/Appnotes/Atmel-46102-SE-M90E26-ApplicationNote.pdf>`__
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for additional details. Say we use a SCT-013-000 CT clamp, which has an output of 50mA for 100A input current. Our
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burden has a value of 12 Ohm. We therefore expect to measure 6mV per amp of input current. Say our AC-AC
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transformer outputs 19.3V at 230V and we use a 100:1 voltage divider in front of the ATM90E26. We would therefore
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expect to measure 193 mV at a line voltage of 230V. The resulting PL Constant is, assuming a meter constant of
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3200 pulses/kWh (see below): `838860800 * 1 * 6 * 193 / (3200 * 230) = 1319838`.
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**Meter Calibration** is completed by matching the ATM90E26's CF1 (active energy) pulse to those of your electricity
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meter by adjusting the `gain_metering` value until the pulses match. Next, set the `meter_constant`, which defines
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how many pulses make up one kWh of energy. If you are matching an existing meter, typical values may be 3200 pulses/kWh,
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1000 pulses/kWh, or for some rotating meters 1666.66 pulses per kWh. If you're not matching against a meter you may
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want to calibrate this value to emit 1000 pulses per kWh, or whatever other value is useful for your project.
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If your current clamp or voltage transformer aren't well matched to the specific A90E26-based device you're using
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it **may be necessary to multiply values**, to stay within the value ranges specified in the
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`datasheet <https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-46002-SE-M90E26-Datasheet.pdf>`__ and
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`application note <https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/Appnotes/Atmel-46102-SE-M90E26-ApplicationNote.pdf>`__.
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This component will enforce the stated maxima. In the example below, the AC-AC transformer used read 230V line voltage
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as 86.6V with default settings. This would imply a `gain_voltage` value of `230 / 86.6 * 26400 = 70115`.
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However, the chip's application note says this value must be below 32768. If we divide the `gain_voltage` by 4, we
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stay within the specified range, but must then multiply the voltage output as well as the power reading, which are
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off by a factor of 4. This is due to the width of registers in the chip and **is not necessary if your components
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can be calibrated within the specified range.**
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Keeping the calibration values at the top of your yaml might make editing easier.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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substitutions:
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plconst_cal: '1429876' # default: 1429876, compute as 838860800 * (gain_pga * <sampled voltage (mV) at 1Amp current> * <sampled voltage (mV) at reference voltage> / (<pulse constant (e.g. 3200 pulses/kWh)> * <reference voltage, e.g. 230V>))
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current_cal: '32801' # default: 31251
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voltage_cal: '17528' # default: 26400 - Application note says this should be < 32768, maybe for some internal computation?
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metering_cal: '7481' # default: 7481 - Calibrate this to match your meter based on the CF1 (CFx) pulse.
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spi:
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clk_pin: 18
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miso_pin: 19
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mosi_pin: 23
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sensor:
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- platform: atm90e26
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cs_pin: 5
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voltage:
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name: House Voltage
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accuracy_decimals: 1
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filters:
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- multiply: 4
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current:
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name: House Amps
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# The max value for current that the meter can output is 65.535. If you expect to measure current over 65A,
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# divide the gain_ct by 2 (120A CT) or 4 (200A CT) and multiply the current and power values by 2 or 4 by uncommenting the filter below
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# filters:
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# - multiply: 2
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power:
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name: House Watts
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accuracy_decimals: 1
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filters:
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- multiply: 4
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reactive_power:
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name: House Reactive Power
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power_factor:
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name: House Power Factor
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accuracy_decimals: 2
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forward_active_energy:
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name: House Forward Active Energy
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reverse_active_energy:
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name: House Reverse Active Energy
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frequency:
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name: House Freq
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line_frequency: 50Hz
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pl_const: ${plconst_cal}
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meter_constant: '3200.0' # My old rotating-disc meter has a meter constant of 1666.66
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gain_metering: ${metering_cal}
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gain_voltage: ${voltage_cal}
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gain_ct: ${current_cal}
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gain_pga: 1X
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update_interval: '10s'
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See Also
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--------
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- :ref:`sensor-filters`
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- :apiref:`atm90e26/atm90e26.h`
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- :ghedit:`Edit`
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@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ Electricity
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.. imgtable::
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ADE7953, components/sensor/ade7953, ade7953.svg, Power
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ATM90E26, components/sensor/atm90e26, atm90e26.jpg, Voltage & Current & Power
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ATM90E32, components/sensor/atm90e32, atm90e32.jpg, Voltage & Current & Power
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BL0939, components/sensor/bl0939, bl0939.png, Voltage & Current & Power & Energy
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BL0940, components/sensor/bl0940, bl0940.png, Voltage & Current & Power
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