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178 lines
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ReStructuredText
178 lines
7.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
WiFi Component
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==============
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.. seo::
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:description: Instructions for setting up the WiFi configuration for your ESP node in ESPHome.
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:image: network-wifi.png
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:keywords: WiFi, WLAN, ESP8266, ESP32
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This core ESPHome component sets up WiFi connections to access points
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for you. It needs to be in your configuration or otherwise ESPHome
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will fail in the config validation stage.
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It’s recommended to provide a static IP for your node, as it can
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dramatically improve connection times.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example configuration entry
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wifi:
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ssid: MyHomeNetwork
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password: VerySafePassword
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# Optional manual IP
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manual_ip:
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static_ip: 10.0.0.42
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gateway: 10.0.0.1
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subnet: 255.255.255.0
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Configuration variables:
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------------------------
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- **ssid** (*Optional*, string): The name (or `service set
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identifier <https://www.lifewire.com/definition-of-service-set-identifier-816547>`__)
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of the WiFi access point your device should connect to.
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- **password** (*Optional*, string): The password (or PSK) for your
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WiFi network. Leave empty for no password.
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- **networks** (*Optional*): Configure multiple WiFi networks to connect to, the best one
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that is reachable will be connected to. See :ref:`wifi-networks`.
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- **manual_ip** (*Optional*): Manually configure the static IP of the node.
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- **static_ip** (*Required*, IPv4 address): The static IP of your node.
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- **gateway** (*Required*, IPv4 address): The gateway of the local network.
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- **subnet** (*Required*, IPv4 address): The subnet of the local network.
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- **dns1** (*Optional*, IPv4 address): The main DNS server to use.
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- **dns2** (*Optional*, IPv4 address): The backup DNS server to use.
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- **use_address** (*Optional*, string): Manually override what address to use to connect
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to the ESP. Defaults to auto-generated value. Example, if you have changed your static IP and want to flash OTA to the prior configured IP address.
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- **ap** (*Optional*): Enable an access point mode on the node.
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- **ssid** (*Required*, string): The name of the access point to create.
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- **password** (*Optional* string): The password for the access point. Leave empty for
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no password.
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- **channel** (*Optional*, int): The channel the AP should operate on from 1 to 14.
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Defaults to 1.
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- **manual_ip** (*Optional*): Manually set the IP options for the AP. Same options as
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manual_ip for station mode.
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- **domain** (*Optional*, string): Set the domain of the node hostname used for uploading.
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For example, if it's set to ``.local``, all uploads will be sent to ``<HOSTNAME>.local``.
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Defaults to ``.local``.
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- **reboot_timeout** (*Optional*, :ref:`time <config-time>`): The amount of time to wait before rebooting when no
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WiFi connection exists. Can be disabled by setting this to ``0s``, but note that the low level IP stack currently
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seems to have issues with WiFi where a full reboot is required to get the interface back working. Defaults to ``5min``.
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- **power_save_mode** (*Optional*, string): The power save mode for the WiFi interface. Defaults to no power saving.
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See :ref:`wifi-power_save_mode`
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- **fast_connect** (*Optional*, boolean): If enabled, directly connects to WiFi network without doing a full scan
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first. This is required for hidden networks and can significantly improve connection times. Defaults to ``off``.
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The downside is that this option connects to the first network the ESP sees, even if that network is very far away and
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better ones are available.
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- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID used for code generation.
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Access Point Mode
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-----------------
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ESPHome has an optional "Access Point Mode". If you include ``ap:``
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in your wifi configuration, ESPHome will automatically set up an access point that you
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can connect to. Additionally, you can specify both a "normal" station mode and AP mode at the
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same time. This will cause ESPHome to only enable the access point when no connection
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to the wifi router can be made.
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.. _wifi-manual_ip:
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Manual IPs
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----------
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If you're having problems with your node not connecting to WiFi or the connection
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process taking a long time, it can be a good idea to assign a static IP address
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to the ESP. This way, the ESP doesn't need to go through the slow DHCP process.
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You can do so with the ``manual_ip:`` option in the WiFi configuration.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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wifi:
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# ...
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manual_ip:
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# Set this to the IP of the ESP
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static_ip: 10.0.0.42
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# Set this to the IP address of the router. Often ends with .1
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gateway: 10.0.0.1
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# The subnet of the network. 255.255.255.0 works for most home networks.
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subnet: 255.255.255.0
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After putting a manual IP in your configuration, the ESP will no longer need to negotiate
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a dynamic IP address with the router, thus improving the time until connection.
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Additionally, this can help with :doc:`Over-The-Air updates <ota>` if for example the
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home network doesn't allow for ``.local`` addresses. When a manual IP is in your configuration,
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the OTA process will automatically choose that as the target for the upload.
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.. _wifi-power_save_mode:
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Power Save Mode
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---------------
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The WiFi interface of all ESPs offer three power save modes to reduce the amount of power spent on
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WiFi. While some options *can* reduce the power usage of the ESP, they generally also decrease the
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reliability of the WiFi connection, with frequent disconnections from the router in the highest
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power saving mode.
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The default is ``none`` (a bit of power saving). If you experience frequent WiFi disconnection problems,
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please also try ``light``.
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- ``NONE`` (least power saving, Default)
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- ``LIGHT``
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- ``HIGH`` (most power saving)
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.. code-block:: yaml
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wifi:
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# ...
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power_save_mode: none
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.. _wifi-networks:
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Connecting to Multiple Networks
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-------------------------------
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Starting with version 1.10.0, you can give ESPHome a number of WiFi networks to connect to.
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ESPHome will then attempt to connect to the one with the highest signal strength.
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To enable this mode, remove the ``ssid`` and ``password`` options from your wifi configuration
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and move everything under the ``networks`` key:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example configuration entry
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wifi:
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networks:
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- ssid: FirstNetworkToConnectTo
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password: VerySafePassword
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- ssid: SecondNetworkToConnectTo
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password: VerySafePassword
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# Other options
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# ...
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Configuration variables:
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- **ssid** (*Optional*, string): The SSID or WiFi network name.
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- **password** (*Optional*, string): The password to use for authentication. Leave empty for no password.
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- **channel** (*Optional*, int): The channel of the network (1-14). If given, only connects to networks
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that are on this channel.
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- **bssid** (*Optional*, string): Optionally define a BSSID (MAC-Address) of the network to connect to.
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This can be used to further restrict which networks to connect to.
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- **hidden** (*Optional*, boolean): Whether this network is hidden. Defaults to false.
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If you add this option you also have to specify ssid.
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See Also
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--------
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- :apiref:`wifi_component.h`
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- :ghedit:`Edit`
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.. disqus::
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