mirror of
https://github.com/esphome/esphome-docs.git
synced 2024-11-10 10:11:29 +01:00
382 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
382 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
Native API Component
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
.. seo::
|
|
:description: Instructions for setting up the native ESPHome API for communication with Home Assistant.
|
|
:image: server-network.svg
|
|
:keywords: Native API, ESPHome, Home Assistant
|
|
|
|
The ESPHome native API is used to communicate with clients directly, with a highly-optimized
|
|
network protocol. Currently, only the ESPHome tool, Home Assistant and ioBroker use this native API.
|
|
|
|
After adding an ``api:`` line to your ESPHome configuration you can go to the Home Assistant
|
|
web interface and navigate to the "Integrations" screen in the "Configuration" panel. Then wait
|
|
for the ESPHome device to show up under the discovered section (can take up to 5 minutes) or add
|
|
the device manually by choosing "ESPHome" from the integration overview and entering
|
|
"<NODE_NAME>.local" or the IP address of the unit in the "Host" field.
|
|
|
|
The ESPHome native API is based on a custom TCP protocol using protocol buffers. You can find
|
|
the protocol data structure definitions here: `api.proto <https://github.com/esphome/esphome/blob/dev/esphome/components/api/api.proto>`__
|
|
A Python library that implements this protocol is `aioesphomeapi <https://github.com/esphome/aioesphomeapi>`__.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# Example configuration entry
|
|
api:
|
|
|
|
Configuration variables:
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
- **port** (*Optional*, int): The port to run the API Server on. Defaults to ``6053``.
|
|
- **encryption** (*Optional*): Enable transport encryption of the API layer.
|
|
|
|
- **key** (**Required**, string): The pre-shared key for the encryption. This is a 32-byte base64 encoded string.
|
|
Below you can copy a key randomly generated in your browser:
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
<input type="text" id="api-key" onclick="this.focus();this.select()" style="width: 350px; max-width: 75vw;" readonly="readonly">
|
|
<script>
|
|
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/62362724
|
|
function bytesArrToBase64(arr) {
|
|
const abc = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; // base64 alphabet
|
|
const bin = n => n.toString(2).padStart(8,0); // convert num to 8-bit binary string
|
|
const l = arr.length
|
|
let result = '';
|
|
|
|
for(let i=0; i<=(l-1)/3; i++) {
|
|
let c1 = i*3+1>=l; // case when "=" is on end
|
|
let c2 = i*3+2>=l; // case when "=" is on end
|
|
let chunk = bin(arr[3*i]) + bin(c1? 0:arr[3*i+1]) + bin(c2? 0:arr[3*i+2]);
|
|
let r = chunk.match(/.{1,6}/g).map((x,j)=> j==3&&c2 ? '=' :(j==2&&c1 ? '=':abc[+('0b'+x)]));
|
|
result += r.join('');
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return result;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
let array = new Uint8Array(32);
|
|
window.crypto.getRandomValues(array);
|
|
document.getElementById("api-key").value = bytesArrToBase64(array);
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
- **actions** (*Optional*, list): A list of user-defined actions. See :ref:`api-device-actions`.
|
|
- **reboot_timeout** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The amount of time to wait before rebooting when no
|
|
client connects to the API. This is needed because sometimes the low level ESP functions report that
|
|
the ESP is connected to the network, when in fact it is not - only a full reboot fixes it.
|
|
Can be disabled by setting this to ``0s``. Defaults to ``15min``.
|
|
- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID used for code generation.
|
|
- **password** (*Optional*, **Deprecated**, string): The password to protect the API Server with. Defaults
|
|
to no password. It is recommended to use the ``encryption`` -> ``key`` above instead of the the ``password``.
|
|
- **on_client_connected** (*Optional*, :ref:`Action <config-action>`): An automation to perform when a client
|
|
connects to the API. See :ref:`api-on_client_connected_trigger`.
|
|
- **on_client_disconnected** (*Optional*, :ref:`Action <config-action>`): An automation to perform when a client
|
|
disconnects from the API. See :ref:`api-on_client_disconnected_trigger`.
|
|
|
|
.. _api-actions:
|
|
|
|
Actions
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
Before using any of the actions below, you'll need to tell Home Assistant to allow your device to
|
|
perform actions.
|
|
|
|
Open the ESPHome integration page on your Home Assistant instance:
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
<a href="https://my.home-assistant.io/redirect/integration/?domain=esphome" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://my.home-assistant.io/badges/integration.svg" alt="Open your Home Assistant instance and show an integration." /></a>
|
|
|
|
Then:
|
|
|
|
#. Find your device in the device list
|
|
#. Click the "configure" button next to it
|
|
#. Check the "Allow the device to perform Home Assistant actions" box
|
|
#. Then click "submit".
|
|
|
|
.. _api-homeassistant_event_action:
|
|
|
|
``homeassistant.event`` Action
|
|
******************************
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Be sure to :ref:`follow the instructions above <api-actions>` to tell Home Assistant to allow
|
|
your device to perform actions.
|
|
|
|
When using the native API with Home Assistant, you can create events in the Home Assistant event bus
|
|
straight from ESPHome :ref:`Automations <automation>`.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# In some trigger
|
|
on_...:
|
|
# Simple
|
|
- homeassistant.event:
|
|
event: esphome.button_pressed
|
|
data:
|
|
message: Button was pressed
|
|
|
|
Configuration variables:
|
|
````````````````````````
|
|
|
|
- **event** (**Required**, string): The event to create - must begin with ``esphome.``
|
|
- **data** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional *static* data to pass along with the event.
|
|
- **data_template** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional template data to pass along with the event.
|
|
This is evaluated on the Home Assistant side with Home Assistant's templating engine.
|
|
- **variables** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional variables that can be used in the ``data_template``.
|
|
Values are :ref:`lambdas <config-lambda>` and will be evaluated before sending the request.
|
|
|
|
.. _api-homeassistant_action-action:
|
|
|
|
``homeassistant.action`` Action
|
|
********************************
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Be sure to :ref:`follow the instructions above <api-actions>` to tell Home Assistant to allow
|
|
your device to perform actions.
|
|
|
|
When using the native API with Home Assistant, you can perform Home Assistant actions straight from ESPHome :ref:`Automations <automation>`.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# In some trigger
|
|
on_...:
|
|
# Simple
|
|
- homeassistant.action:
|
|
action: notify.html5
|
|
data:
|
|
message: Button was pressed
|
|
# With templates and variables
|
|
- homeassistant.action:
|
|
action: notify.html5
|
|
data:
|
|
title: New Humidity
|
|
data_template:
|
|
message: The humidity is {{ my_variable }}%.
|
|
variables:
|
|
my_variable: |-
|
|
return id(my_sensor).state;
|
|
|
|
Configuration variables:
|
|
````````````````````````
|
|
|
|
- **action** (**Required**, string): The Home Assistant `Action <https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/scripts/service-calls/>`__
|
|
to perform.
|
|
- **data** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional *static* data to perform the action with.
|
|
- **data_template** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional template data to perform the action with.
|
|
This is evaluated on the Home Assistant side with Home Assistant's templating engine.
|
|
- **variables** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional variables that can be used in the ``data_template``.
|
|
Values are :ref:`lambdas <config-lambda>` and will be evaluated before sending the request.
|
|
|
|
Data structures are not possible, but you can create a script in Home Assistant and call with all
|
|
the parameters in plain format.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# Home Assistant Configuration
|
|
script:
|
|
...
|
|
set_light_rgb:
|
|
alias: 'ESPHome RGB light set'
|
|
sequence:
|
|
- action: light.turn_on
|
|
data_template:
|
|
entity_id: '{{ light_name }}'
|
|
rgb_color:
|
|
- '{{ red }}'
|
|
- '{{ green }}'
|
|
- '{{ blue }}'
|
|
|
|
Then, in ESPHome:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# In some trigger
|
|
on_...:
|
|
- homeassistant.action:
|
|
action: script.set_light_rgb
|
|
data:
|
|
light_name: 'my_light'
|
|
red: '255'
|
|
green: '199'
|
|
blue: '71'
|
|
|
|
.. _api-homeassistant_tag_scanned_action:
|
|
|
|
``homeassistant.tag_scanned`` Action
|
|
************************************
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Be sure to :ref:`follow the instructions above <api-actions>` to tell Home Assistant to allow
|
|
your device to make action calls.
|
|
|
|
When using the native API with Home Assistant, you can push tag_scanned to Home Assistant
|
|
straight from ESPHome :ref:`Automations <automation>`.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# In some trigger
|
|
on_...:
|
|
# Simple
|
|
- homeassistant.tag_scanned: some-tag
|
|
|
|
Configuration variables:
|
|
````````````````````````
|
|
|
|
- **tag** (**Required**, :ref:`templatable <config-templatable>`, string): The id of the scanned tag
|
|
|
|
Triggers
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
.. _api-on_client_connected_trigger:
|
|
|
|
``on_client_connected`` Trigger
|
|
*******************************
|
|
|
|
This trigger is activated each time a client connects to the API. Two variables of
|
|
type ``std::string`` are available for use by actions called from within this trigger:
|
|
|
|
- ``client_address``: the IP address of the client that connected
|
|
- ``client_info``: the name of the client that connected
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
api:
|
|
# ...
|
|
on_client_connected:
|
|
- logger.log:
|
|
format: "Client %s connected to API with IP %s"
|
|
args: ["client_info.c_str()", "client_address.c_str()"]
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _api-on_client_disconnected_trigger:
|
|
|
|
``on_client_disconnected`` Trigger
|
|
**********************************
|
|
|
|
This trigger is activated each time the API disconnects from the API. Two variables of
|
|
type ``std::string`` are available for use by actions called from within this trigger:
|
|
|
|
- ``client_address``: the IP address of the client that disconnected
|
|
- ``client_info``: the name of the client that disconnected
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
api:
|
|
# ...
|
|
on_client_disconnected:
|
|
- logger.log: "API client disconnected!"
|
|
|
|
.. _api-connected_condition:
|
|
|
|
``api.connected`` Condition
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
This :ref:`Condition <config-condition>` checks if at least one client is connected to the ESPHome
|
|
native API. Please note client not only includes Home Assistant, but also ESPHome's OTA log output
|
|
if logs are shown remotely.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
on_...:
|
|
if:
|
|
condition:
|
|
api.connected:
|
|
then:
|
|
- logger.log: API is connected!
|
|
|
|
.. _api-device-actions:
|
|
|
|
User-defined Actions
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
It is also possible to get data from Home Assistant to ESPHome with user-defined actions.
|
|
When you declare actions in your ESPHome YAML file, they will automatically show up in
|
|
Home Assistant and you can call them directly.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# Example configuration entry
|
|
api:
|
|
actions:
|
|
- action: start_laundry
|
|
then:
|
|
- switch.turn_on: relay
|
|
- delay: 3h
|
|
- switch.turn_off: relay
|
|
|
|
For example with the configuration seen above, after uploading you will see an action
|
|
called ``esphome.livingroom_start_laundry`` (livingroom is the node name) which you can
|
|
then call.
|
|
|
|
Additionally, you can also transmit data from Home Assistant to ESPHome with this method:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# Example configuration entry
|
|
api:
|
|
actions:
|
|
- action: start_effect
|
|
variables:
|
|
my_brightness: int
|
|
my_effect: string
|
|
then:
|
|
- light.turn_on:
|
|
id: my_light
|
|
brightness: !lambda 'return my_brightness;'
|
|
effect: !lambda 'return my_effect;'
|
|
|
|
Using the ``variables`` key you can tell ESPHome which variables to expect from Home Assistant.
|
|
For example the action seen above would be executed with something like this:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# Example Home Assistant Action
|
|
action: esphome.livingroom_start_effect
|
|
data_template:
|
|
my_brightness: "{{ states.brightness.state }}"
|
|
my_effect: "Rainbow"
|
|
|
|
Then each variable you define in the ``variables`` section is accessible in the automation
|
|
triggered by the user-defined action through the name you gave it in the variables section
|
|
(note: this is a local variable, so do not wrap it in ``id(...)`` to access it).
|
|
|
|
There are currently 4 types of variables:
|
|
|
|
- bool: A boolean (ON/OFF). C++ type: ``bool``
|
|
- int: An integer. C++ type: ``int``/``int32_t``
|
|
- float: A floating point number. C++ type: ``float``
|
|
- string: A string. C++ type: ``std::string``
|
|
|
|
Each of these also exist in array form:
|
|
|
|
- bool[]: An array of boolean values. C++ type: ``std::vector<bool>``
|
|
- ... - Same for other types.
|
|
|
|
Advantages over MQTT
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
The ESPHome native API has many advantages over using MQTT for communication with Home
|
|
Automation software (currently only Home Assistant and ioBroker). But MQTT is a great protocol and will
|
|
never be removed. Features of native API (vs. MQTT):
|
|
|
|
- **Much more efficient:** ESPHome encodes all messages in a highly optimized format with
|
|
protocol buffers - for example binary sensor state messages are about 1/10 of the size.
|
|
- **One-click configuration:** ESPHome just needs one click to set up in Home Assistant -
|
|
no more messing around with retained MQTT discovery messages and alike.
|
|
- **One less single point of failure:** In the ESPHome native API each ESP is its own server.
|
|
With MQTT, when the broker shuts off nothing can communicate anymore.
|
|
- **Stability:** Since ESPHome has far more control over the protocol than with MQTT,
|
|
it's really easy for us to roll out stability improvements.
|
|
- **Low Latency:** The native API is optimized for very low latency, usually this is only
|
|
a couple of milliseconds and far less than can be noticed by the eye.
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
- :apiref:`api/api_server.h`
|
|
- :ghedit:`Edit`
|