mirror of
https://github.com/esphome/esphome-docs.git
synced 2024-12-30 18:09:26 +01:00
344 lines
17 KiB
ReStructuredText
344 lines
17 KiB
ReStructuredText
Time Component
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
.. seo::
|
|
:description: Instructions for setting up real time clock sources in ESPHome like network based time.
|
|
:image: clock-outline.svg
|
|
:keywords: GPS, NTP, RTC, SNTP
|
|
|
|
The ``time`` component allows you to set up real time clock time sources for ESPHome.
|
|
You can then get the current time in :ref:`lambdas <config-lambda>`.
|
|
|
|
.. _base_time_config:
|
|
|
|
Base Time Configuration
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
All time configuration schemas inherit these options.
|
|
|
|
Configuration variables:
|
|
************************
|
|
|
|
- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Specify the ID of the time for use in lambdas.
|
|
- **timezone** (*Optional*, string): Manually tell ESPHome what time zone to use with `this format
|
|
<https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variable.html>`__
|
|
(warning: the format is quite complicated, see `examples <https://github.com/nayarsystems/posix_tz_db/blob/master/zones.csv>`__)
|
|
or the simpler `TZ database name <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones>`__ in the form
|
|
:code:`<Region>/<City>`. ESPHome tries to automatically infer the time zone string based on the time zone of the computer
|
|
that is running ESPHome, but this might not always be accurate.
|
|
- **on_time** (*Optional*, :ref:`Automation <automation>`): Automation to run at specific intervals using
|
|
a cron-like syntax. See :ref:`time-on_time`.
|
|
- **on_time_sync** (*Optional*, :ref:`Automation <automation>`): Automation to run when the time source
|
|
could be (re-)synchronized.. See :ref:`time-on_time_sync`.
|
|
|
|
.. _time-has_time_condition:
|
|
|
|
``time.has_time`` Condition
|
|
***************************
|
|
|
|
This :ref:`Condition <config-condition>` checks if time has been set and is valid.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# Example configuration
|
|
on_...:
|
|
if:
|
|
condition:
|
|
time.has_time:
|
|
then:
|
|
- logger.log: Time has been set and is valid!
|
|
|
|
# Example lambda
|
|
lambda: |-
|
|
if (id(my_time).now().is_valid()) {
|
|
//do something here
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.. _time-on_time:
|
|
|
|
``on_time`` Trigger
|
|
*******************
|
|
|
|
This powerful automation can be used to run automations at specific intervals at
|
|
specific times of day. The syntax is a subset of the `crontab <https://crontab.guru/>`__ syntax.
|
|
|
|
There are two ways to specify time intervals: Either with using the ``seconds:``, ``minutes:``, ...
|
|
keys as seen below or using a cron alike expression like ``* /5 * * * *``.
|
|
|
|
Be aware normal cron implementations does not know about seconds like this esphome implementation, therefore you got 6 fields (seconds,minutes,hours,dayofmonth,month,dayofweek).
|
|
|
|
Basically, the automation engine looks at your configured time schedule every second and
|
|
evaluates if the automation should run.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
time:
|
|
- platform: sntp
|
|
# ...
|
|
on_time:
|
|
# Every 5 minutes
|
|
- seconds: 0
|
|
minutes: /5
|
|
then:
|
|
- switch.toggle: my_switch
|
|
|
|
# Every morning on weekdays
|
|
- seconds: 0
|
|
minutes: 30
|
|
hours: 7
|
|
days_of_week: MON-FRI
|
|
then:
|
|
- light.turn_on: my_light
|
|
|
|
# Cron syntax, trigger every 5 minutes
|
|
- cron: '00 /5 * * * *'
|
|
then:
|
|
- switch.toggle: my_switch
|
|
|
|
Configuration variables:
|
|
|
|
- **seconds** (*Optional*, string): Specify for which seconds of the minute the automation will trigger.
|
|
Defaults to ``*`` (all seconds). Range is from 0 to 59.
|
|
- **minutes** (*Optional*, string): Specify for which minutes of the hour the automation will trigger.
|
|
Defaults to ``*`` (all minutes). Range is from 0 to 59.
|
|
- **hours** (*Optional*, string): Specify for which hours of the day the automation will trigger.
|
|
Defaults to ``*`` (all hours). Range is from 0 to 23.
|
|
- **days_of_month** (*Optional*, string): Specify for which days of the month the automation will trigger.
|
|
Defaults to ``*`` (all days). Range is from 1 to 31.
|
|
- **months** (*Optional*, string): Specify for which months of the year to trigger.
|
|
Defaults to ``*`` (all months). The month names JAN to DEC are automatically substituted.
|
|
Range is from 1 (January) to 12 (December).
|
|
- **days_of_week** (*Optional*, string): Specify for which days of the week to trigger.
|
|
Defaults to ``*`` (all days). The names SUN to SAT are automatically substituted.
|
|
Range is from 1 (Sunday) to 7 (Saturday).
|
|
- **cron** (*Optional*, string): Alternatively, you can specify a whole cron expression like
|
|
``* /5 * * * *``. Please note that years and some special characters like ``L``, ``#`` are currently not supported. Also, the day of week field is interpreted like the **days_of_week** variable (range from 1 (Sunday) to 7 (Saturday)) and not like other cron implementations would do it (range from 0 (Sunday) to 7 (Sunday)).
|
|
|
|
- See :ref:`Automation <automation>`.
|
|
|
|
In the ``seconds:``, ``minutes:``, ... fields you can use the following operators:
|
|
|
|
- .. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
seconds: 0
|
|
|
|
An integer like ``0`` or ``30`` will make the automation only trigger if the current
|
|
second is **exactly** 0 or 30, respectively.
|
|
- .. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
seconds: 0,30,45
|
|
|
|
You can combine multiple expressions with the ``,`` operator. This operator makes it so that
|
|
if either one of the expressions separated by a comma holds true, the automation will trigger.
|
|
For example ``0,30,45`` will trigger if the current second is either ``0`` or ``30`` or ``45``.
|
|
- .. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
days_of_week: 2-6
|
|
# same as
|
|
days_of_week: MON-FRI
|
|
# same as
|
|
days_of_week: 2,3,4,5,6
|
|
# same as
|
|
days_of_week: MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI
|
|
|
|
The ``-`` (hyphen) operator can be used to create a range of values and is shorthand for listing all
|
|
values with the ``,`` operator.
|
|
- .. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# every 5 minutes
|
|
seconds: 0
|
|
minutes: /5
|
|
|
|
# every timestamp where the minute is 5,15,25,...
|
|
seconds: 0
|
|
minutes: 5/10
|
|
|
|
The ``/`` operator can be used to create a step value. For example ``/5`` for ``minutes:`` makes an
|
|
automation trigger only when the minute of the hour is 0, or 5, 10, 15, ... The value in front of the
|
|
``/`` specifies the offset with which the step is applied.
|
|
|
|
- .. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
# Every minute
|
|
seconds: 0
|
|
minutes: '*'
|
|
|
|
Lastly, the ``*`` operator matches every number. In the example above, ``*`` could for example be substituted
|
|
with ``0-59``.
|
|
|
|
.. warning::
|
|
|
|
Please note the following automation would trigger for each second in the minutes 0,5,10,15 and not
|
|
once per 5 minutes as the seconds variable is not set:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
time:
|
|
- platform: sntp
|
|
# ...
|
|
on_time:
|
|
- minutes: /5
|
|
then:
|
|
- switch.toggle: my_switch
|
|
|
|
.. _time-on_time_sync:
|
|
|
|
``on_time_sync`` Trigger
|
|
************************
|
|
|
|
This automation is triggered after a time source successfully retrieves the current time.
|
|
See the :ref:`DS1307 configuration example <ds1307-config_example>` for a scenario
|
|
where a network time synchronization from a home assistant server trigger a write
|
|
to an external hardware real time clock chip.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: yaml
|
|
|
|
on_time_sync:
|
|
then:
|
|
- logger.log: "Synchronized system clock"
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Components should trigger ``on_time_sync`` when they update the system clock. However, not all real time components
|
|
behave exactly the same. Components could e.g. decide to trigger only when a significant time change has been
|
|
observed, others could trigger whenever their time sync mechanism runs - even if that didn't effectively change
|
|
the system time. Some (such as SNTP) could even trigger when another real time component is responsible for the
|
|
change in time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use In Lambdas
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
To get the current local time with the time zone applied
|
|
in :ref:`lambdas <config-lambda>`, just call the ``.now()`` method like so:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: cpp
|
|
|
|
auto time = id(sntp_time).now();
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, you can use ``.utcnow()`` to get the current UTC time.
|
|
|
|
The returned object can either be used directly to get the current minute, hour, ... as numbers or a string can be
|
|
created based on a given format. If you want to get the current time attributes, you have these fields
|
|
|
|
==================== ======================================== ======================================== ====================
|
|
**Name** **Meaning** **Range (inclusive)** **Example**
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.second`` Seconds after the minute [0-60] (generally [0-59], 42
|
|
extra range is to accommodate leap
|
|
seconds.)
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.minute`` Minutes after the hour [0-59] 31
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.hour`` Hours since midnight [0-23] 16
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.day_of_week`` Day of the week, sunday=1 [1-7] 7 (saturday)
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.day_of_month`` Day of the month [1-31] 18
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.day_of_year`` Day of the year [1-366] 231
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.month`` Month, january=1 [1-12] 8 (august)
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.year`` Year since 0 A.C. [1970-∞[ 2018
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.is_dst`` Is daylight savings time false, true true
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.timestamp`` Unix epoch time (seconds since UTC [-2147483648 - 2147483647] (negative 1534606002
|
|
Midnight January 1, 1970) values for time past January 19th 2038)
|
|
-------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------
|
|
``.is_valid()`` Basic check if the time is valid false, true true
|
|
(i.e. not January 1st 1970)
|
|
==================== ======================================== ======================================== ====================
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
Before the ESP has connected to the internet and can get the current time the date will be January 1st 1970. So
|
|
make sure to check if ``.is_valid()`` evaluates to ``true`` before triggering any action.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _strftime:
|
|
|
|
strftime
|
|
********
|
|
|
|
The second way to use the time object is to directly transform it into a string like ``2018-08-16 16:31``.
|
|
This is directly done using C's `strftime <http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/ctime/strftime/>`__ function which
|
|
allows for a lot of flexibility.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: cpp
|
|
|
|
# For example, in a display object
|
|
it.strftime(0, 0, id(font), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", id(time).now());
|
|
|
|
The strftime will parse the format string (here ``"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"``) and match anything beginning with
|
|
a percent sign ``%`` and a letter corresponding to one of the below formatting options and replace it
|
|
with the current time representation of that format option.
|
|
|
|
============= ============================================================== =========================
|
|
**Directive** **Meaning** **Example**
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%a`` Abbreviated **weekday** name Sat
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%A`` Full **weekday** name Saturday
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%w`` **Weekday** as decimal number, where 0 is Sunday and 6 6
|
|
is Saturday
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%d`` **Day of month** as zero-padded decimal number 01, 02, ..., 31
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%b`` Abbreviated **month** name Aug
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%B`` Full **month** name August
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%m`` **Month** as zero-padded decimal number 01, 02, ..., 12
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%y`` **Year** without century as a zero-padded decimal number 00, 01, ..., 99
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%Y`` **Year** with century as a decimal number 2018
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%H`` **Hour** (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number 00, 01, ..., 23
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%I`` **Hour** (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number 00, 01, ..., 12
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%p`` **AM or PM** designation AM, PM
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%M`` **Minute** as a zero-padded decimal number 00, 01, ..., 59
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%S`` **Second** as a zero-padded decimal number 00, 01, ..., 59
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%j`` **Day of year** as a zero-padded decimal number 001, 002, ..., 366
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%U`` **Week number of year** (Sunday as the first day of the week) 00, 01, ..., 53
|
|
as a zero-padded decimal number. All days in a new year
|
|
preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%W`` **Week number of year** (Monday as the first day of the week) 00, 01, ..., 53
|
|
as a zero-padded decimal number. All days in a new year
|
|
preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%c`` **Date and time** representation Sat Aug 18 16:31:42 2018
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%x`` **Date** representation 08/18/18
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%X`` **Time** representation 16:31:42
|
|
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
|
|
``%%`` A literal ``%`` character %
|
|
============= ============================================================== =========================
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
- :apiref:`time/real_time_clock.h`
|
|
- :ghedit:`Edit`
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 1
|
|
:glob:
|
|
|
|
*
|