esphome-docs/components/sensor/pulse_counter.rst
Jesse Hills 88e315e0e4
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---------

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
2024-05-07 00:40:12 -05:00

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Pulse Counter Sensor
====================
.. seo::
:description: Instructions for setting up pulse counter sensors.
:image: pulse.svg
The pulse counter sensor allows you to count the number of pulses and the frequency of a signal
on any pin.
On the ESP32, this sensor is even highly accurate because it's using the hardware `pulse counter
peripheral <https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-reference/peripherals/pcnt.html>`__
on the ESP32. However, due to the use of the pulse counter peripheral, a maximum of 8 channels can be used!
.. figure:: images/pulse-counter.png
:align: center
:width: 80.0%
.. code-block:: yaml
# Example configuration entry
sensor:
- platform: pulse_counter
pin: GPIOXX
name: "Pulse Counter"
Configuration variables
------------------------
- **pin** (**Required**, :ref:`config-pin`): The pin to count pulses on.
- **name** (**Required**, string): The name of the sensor.
- **count_mode** (*Optional*): Configure how the counter should behave
on a detected rising edge/falling edge.
- **rising_edge** (*Optional*): What to do when a rising edge is
detected. One of ``DISABLE``, ``INCREMENT`` and ``DECREMENT``.
Defaults to ``INCREMENT``.
- **falling_edge** (*Optional*): What to do when a falling edge is
detected. One of ``DISABLE``, ``INCREMENT`` and ``DECREMENT``.
Defaults to ``DISABLE``.
- **use_pcnt** (*Optional*, boolean): Use hardware ``PCNT`` pulse counter. Only supported on ESP32. Defaults to ``true``.
- **internal_filter** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): If a pulse shorter than this
time is detected, its discarded and no pulse is counted. Defaults to ``13us``. On the ESP32, when using the hardware pulse counter
this value can not be higher than ``13us``, for the ESP8266 or with ``use_pcnt: false`` you can use larger intervals too.
If you enable this, set up the ``count_mode`` to increase on the falling edge, not leading edge. For S0 pulse meters that are used to meter power consumption 50-100 ms is a reasonable value.
- **update_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The interval to check the sensor. Defaults to ``60s``.
- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID used for code generation.
- **total** (*Optional*): Report the total number of pulses.
- All other options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
.. note::
See :doc:`integration sensor </components/sensor/integration>` for summing up pulse counter
values over time.
Converting units
----------------
The sensor defaults to measuring its values using a unit of measurement
of “pulses/min”. You can change this by using :ref:`sensor-filters`.
For example, if youre using the pulse counter with a photodiode to
count the light pulses on a power meter, you can do the following:
.. code-block:: yaml
# Example configuration entry
sensor:
- platform: pulse_counter
pin: GPIOXX
unit_of_measurement: 'kW'
name: 'Power Meter House'
filters:
- multiply: 0.06 # (60s/1000 pulses per kWh)
Counting total pulses
---------------------
When the total sensor is configured, the pulse_counter also reports the total
number of pulses measured. When used on a power meter, this can be used to
measure the total consumed energy in kWh.
.. code-block:: yaml
# Example configuration entry
sensor:
- platform: pulse_counter
pin: GPIOXX
unit_of_measurement: 'kW'
name: 'Power Meter House'
filters:
- multiply: 0.06 # (60s/1000 pulses per kWh)
total:
unit_of_measurement: 'kWh'
name: 'Energy Meter House'
filters:
- multiply: 0.001 # (1/1000 pulses per kWh)
(Re)Setting the total pulse count
---------------------------------
Using this action, you are able to reset/set the total pulse count. This can be useful
if you would like the ``total`` sensor to match what you see on your meter you are
trying to match.
.. code-block:: yaml
# Set pulse counter total from home assistant using this service call:
api:
services:
- service: set_pulse_total
variables:
new_pulse_total: int
then:
- pulse_counter.set_total_pulses:
id: pulse_counter_id
value: !lambda 'return new_pulse_total;'
.. note::
This value is the raw count of pulses, and not the value you see after the filters
are applied.
Wiring
------
If you want to count pulses from a simple reed switch, the simplest way is to make
use of the internal pull-up/pull-down resistors.
You can wire the switch between a GPIO pin and GND; in this case set the pin to input, pullup and inverted:
.. code-block:: yaml
# Reed switch between GPIO and GND
sensor:
- platform: pulse_counter
pin:
number: 12
inverted: true
mode:
input: true
pullup: true
name: "Pulse Counter"
If you wire it between a GPIO pin and +3.3V, set the pin to input, pulldown:
.. code-block:: yaml
# Reed switch between GPIO and +3.3V
sensor:
- platform: pulse_counter
pin:
number: 12
mode:
input: true
pulldown: true
name: "Pulse Counter"
The safest way is to use GPIO + GND, as this avoids the possibility of short
circuiting the wire by mistake.
See Also
--------
- :ref:`sensor-filters`
- :doc:`/components/sensor/pulse_meter`
- :doc:`rotary_encoder`
- `esp-idf Pulse Counter API <https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-reference/peripherals/pcnt.html>`__.
- :apiref:`pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.h`
- :ghedit:`Edit`