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199 lines
6.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
199 lines
6.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
Generic Custom Component
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========================
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.. seo::
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:description: Instructions for setting up Custom C++ components with ESPHome.
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:image: language-cpp.svg
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:keywords: C++, Custom
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.. warning::
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Custom components are deprecated, not recommended for new configurations and will be removed from ESPHome in a
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future release. Please look at creating a real ESPHome component and "importing" it into your configuration with
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:doc:`/components/external_components`.
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You can find some basic documentation on creating your own components at :ref:`contributing_to_esphome`.
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.. warning::
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While we try to keep the ESPHome YAML configuration options as stable as possible, the ESPHome API is less
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stable. If something in the APIs needs to be changed in order for something else to work, we will do so.
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This component can be used to create generic custom components in ESPHome
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using the C++ (Arduino) API. This component should be used in cases where
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none of ESPHome's abstraction layers (for example the "sensor", "binary sensor",
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"switch", etc concepts) work well for your component.
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Please first read :doc:`/components/sensor/custom` guide, the same principles apply here.
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The example below is an example of a custom component that can do anything you want really.
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.. code-block:: cpp
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#include "esphome.h"
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class MyCustomComponent : public Component {
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public:
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void setup() override {
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// This will be called once to set up the component
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// think of it as the setup() call in Arduino
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pinMode(5, INPUT);
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pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
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}
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void loop() override {
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// This will be called very often after setup time.
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// think of it as the loop() call in Arduino
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if (digitalRead(5)) {
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digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
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// You can also log messages
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ESP_LOGD("custom", "The GPIO pin 5 is HIGH!");
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}
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}
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};
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(Store this file in your configuration directory, for example ``my_custom_component.h``)
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And in YAML:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example configuration entry
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esphome:
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includes:
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- my_custom_component.h
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custom_component:
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- lambda: |-
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auto my_custom = new MyCustomComponent();
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return {my_custom};
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components:
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- id: my_custom_id
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Configuration variables:
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- **lambda** (**Required**, :ref:`lambda <config-lambda>`): The lambda to run for instantiating the
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binary sensor(s).
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- **components** (*Optional*, list): A list of components to initialize. The length here
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must equal the number of items in the ``return`` statement of the ``lambda``. This is useful
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if you need to give an ``id`` to the component you created.
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See also :apiclass:`Component`.
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Native API Custom Component
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---------------------------
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If you want to communicate directly with Home Assistant via the :doc:`native API </components/api>`
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you can use the :apiclass:`api::CustomAPIDevice` class to declare services that can be executed from
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Home Assistant, as well as starting services in Home Assistant.
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.. code-block:: cpp
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#include "esphome.h"
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class MyCustomComponent : public Component, public CustomAPIDevice {
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public:
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void setup() override {
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// This will be called once to set up the component
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// think of it as the setup() call in Arduino
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pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
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// Declare a service "hello_world"
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// - Service will be called "esphome.<NODE_NAME>_hello_world" in Home Assistant.
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// - The service has no arguments
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// - The function on_hello_world declared below will attached to the service.
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register_service(&MyCustomComponent::on_hello_world, "hello_world");
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// Declare a second service "start_washer_cycle"
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// - Service will be called "esphome.<NODE_NAME>_start_washer_cycle" in Home Assistant.
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// - The service has three arguments (type inferred from method definition):
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// - cycle_duration: integer
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// - silent: boolean
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// - string_argument: string
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// - The function start_washer_cycle declared below will attached to the service.
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register_service(&MyCustomComponent::on_start_washer_cycle, "start_washer_cycle",
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{"cycle_duration", "silent", "string_argument"});
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// Subscribe to a Home Assistant state "sensor.temperature"
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// - Each time the ESP connects or Home Assistant updates the state, the function
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// on_state_changed will be called
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// - The state is a string - if you want to use it as an int you must parse it manually
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subscribe_homeassistant_state(&MyCustomComponent::on_state_changed, "sensor.temperature");
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}
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void on_hello_world() {
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ESP_LOGD("custom", "Hello World!");
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if (is_connected()) {
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// Example check to see if a client is connected
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}
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}
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void on_start_washer_cycle(int cycle_duration, bool silent, std::string string_argument) {
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ESP_LOGD("custom", "Starting washer cycle!");
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digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
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// do something with arguments
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// Call a homeassistant service
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call_homeassistant_service("homeassistant.service");
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}
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void on_state_changed(std::string state) {
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ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Temperature has changed to %s", state.c_str());
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}
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};
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See also :apiclass:`api::CustomAPIDevice`.
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MQTT Custom Component
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---------------------
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In many cases however components should communicate with other appliances using the network.
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That's why there is :apiclass:`mqtt::CustomMQTTDevice`. It is a helper class to create
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custom components that communicate using MQTT.
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.. code-block:: cpp
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#include "esphome.h"
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class MyCustomComponent : public Component, public CustomMQTTDevice {
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public:
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void setup() override {
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// This will be called once to set up the component
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// think of it as the setup() call in Arduino
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pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
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subscribe("the/topic", &MyCustomComponent::on_message);
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// also supports JSON messages
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subscribe_json("the/json/topic", &MyCustomComponent::on_json_message);
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}
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void on_message(const std::string &payload) {
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if (payload == "ON") {
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digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
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publish("the/other/topic", "Hello World!");
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} else {
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digitalWrite(6, LOW);
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publish("the/other/topic", 42);
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}
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}
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void on_json_message(JsonObject root) {
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if (!root.containsKey("key"))
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return;
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int value = root["key"];
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// do something with Json Object
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// publish JSON using lambda syntax
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publish_json("the/other/json/topic", [=](JsonObject root2) {
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root2["key"] = "Hello World";
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});
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}
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};
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See also :apiclass:`mqtt::CustomMQTTDevice`.
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See Also
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--------
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- :ghedit:`Edit`
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