esphome-docs/components/binary_sensor/rc522.rst
2021-07-22 23:38:38 +02:00

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RC522 RFID
==========
.. seo::
:description: Instructions for setting up RC522 RFID tag readers and tags in ESPHome
:image: rc522.jpg
:keywords: RC522, RFID
.. _rc522-component:
The ``rc522`` component allows you to use RC522 RFID controllers
(`datasheet <https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/MFRC522.pdf>`__, `Ali Express <https://es.aliexpress.com/item/1260729519.html>`__)
with ESPHome. ESPHome can read the tag UID from it, every RFID tag comes with a unique
UID value. Each known tag can be associated to a binary sensor, or you can use the tag information directly.
See :ref:`rc522-setting_up_tags` for information on how to setup individual binary sensors for this component.
The RC522 supports SPI, I²C and UART communication protocols, ESPHome can use either SPI or I²C.
Component/Hub
-------------
* If you have a module like the image above, it can only be used in SPI mode (`unless hacked <https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=442750.0>`__)
and you need to have an :ref:`SPI bus <spi>` in your configuration with both the **miso_pin** and **mosi_pin** set.
* If you have a RC522 which communicates via I²C like in the M5 Stack then you need to have an :ref:`I²C <i2c>` bus configured.
.. figure:: images/rc522-full.jpg
:align: center
:width: 60.0%
Over SPI
--------
The ``rc522_spi`` component allows you to use RC522 RFID controllers with ESPHome. This component is a global hub that
establishes the connection to the RC522 via :ref:`SPI <spi>` (also available over I²C). Using the
:ref:`RC522 binary sensors <rc522-tag>` you can then create individual binary sensors that track if
an RFID tag is currently detected by the RC522.
.. code-block:: yaml
spi:
rc522_spi:
cs_pin: GPIO15
binary_sensor:
- platform: rc522
uid: 74-10-37-94
name: "RC522 RFID Tag"
Configuration variables:
************************
- **cs_pin** (**Required**, :ref:`Pin Schema <config-pin_schema>`): The pin on the ESP that the chip select line
is connected to.
- **spi_id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID of the :ref:`SPI Component <spi>` if you want
to use multiple SPI buses.
- **on_tag** (*Optional*, :ref:`Automation <automation>`): An automation to perform when a tag is read. See
:ref:`rc522-on_tag`.
- **reset_pin** (*Optional*, :ref:`Pin Schema <config-pin_schema>`): The pin connected to the RST line. Some tests
shows the RC522 working okay without this.
- **update_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The duration of each scan on the RC522. This affects the
duration that the individual binary sensors stay active when they're found.
If a device is not found within this time window, it will be marked as not present. Defaults to ``1s``.
- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID for this component.
Over I²C
--------
The ``rc522_i2c`` component allows you to use RC522 RFID controllers with ESPHome. This component is a global hub that
establishes the connection to the RC522 via :ref:`I²C <i2c>` (also available over SPI). Using the
:ref:`RC522 binary sensors <rc522-tag>` you can then create individual binary sensors that track if
an RFID tag is currently detected by the RC522.
.. code-block:: yaml
i2c:
rc522_i2c:
binary_sensor:
- platform: rc522
uid: 74-10-37-94
name: "RC522 RFID Tag"
Configuration variables:
************************
- **address** (*Optional*, int): Manually specify the I²C address of the sensor. Defaults to ``0x28``.
- **i2c_id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID of the :ref:`I²C Component <i2c>` if you want
to use multiple I²C buses.
- **on_tag** (*Optional*, :ref:`Automation <automation>`): An automation to perform when a tag is read. See
:ref:`rc522-on_tag`.
- **reset_pin** (*Optional*, :ref:`Pin Schema <config-pin_schema>`): The pin connected to the RST line. Some tests
shows the RC522 working okay without this.
- **update_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The duration of each scan on the RC522. This affects the
duration that the individual binary sensors stay active when they're found.
If a device is not found within this time window, it will be marked as not present. Defaults to ``1s``.
- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID for this component.
.. _rc522-on_tag:
``on_tag`` Action
-----------------
This automation will be triggered when the RC522 module responds with a tag. Please note that this
can be called quite often (with an interval of ``update_interval``) as it's triggered repeatedly
if the tag is re-read many times.
The parameter ``x`` this trigger provides is of type ``std::string`` and is the tag UID in the format
``74-10-37-94``. The configuration below will for example publish the tag ID on the MQTT topic ``rc522/tag``.
.. code-block:: yaml
rc522_spi: # or rc522_i2c
# ...
on_tag:
then:
- mqtt.publish:
topic: rc522/tag
payload: !lambda 'return x;'
A tag scanned event can also be sent to the Home Assistant tag component
using :ref:`api-homeassistant_tag_scanned_action`.
.. code-block:: yaml
rc522_spi: # or rc522_i2c
# ...
on_tag:
then:
- homeassistant.tag_scanned: !lambda 'return x;'
.. _rc522-tag:
``rc522`` Binary Sensor
-----------------------
The ``rc522`` binary sensor platform lets you track if an RFID tag with a given
unique id (``uid``) is currently being detected by the RC522 or not.
.. code-block:: yaml
# Example configuration entry
spi:
clk_pin: D0
miso_pin: D1
mosi_pin: D2
rc522_spi: # or rc522_i2c
cs_pin: D3
update_interval: 1s
binary_sensor:
- platform: rc522
uid: 74-10-37-94
name: "RC522 RFID Tag"
Configuration variables:
************************
- **uid** (**Required**, string): The unique ID of the RFID tag. This is a hyphen-separated list
of hexadecimal values. For example ``74-10-37-94``.
- **name** (**Required**, string): The name of the binary sensor.
- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID used for code generation.
- All other options from :ref:`Binary Sensor <config-binary_sensor>`.
.. _rc522-setting_up_tags:
Setting Up Tags
---------------
To set up binary sensors for specific RFID tags you first have to know their unique IDs. To obtain this
id, first set up a simple RC522 configuration without any binary sensors like above.
When your code is running and you approach the RC522 with an RFID Tag, you should see a message like this:
.. code::
Found new tag '74-10-37-94'
Then copy this id and create a ``binary_sensor`` entry as in the configuration example. Repeat this process for
each tag.
See Also
--------
- :doc:`index`
- :doc:`rdm6300`
- :doc:`pn532`
- :apiref:`rc522/rc522.h`
- :ghedit:`Edit`