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265 lines
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ReStructuredText
265 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
Native API Component
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====================
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.. seo::
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:description: Instructions for setting up the native ESPHome API for communication with Home Assistant.
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:image: server-network.png
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:keywords: Native API, ESPHome, Home Assistant
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The ESPHome native API is used to communicate with clients directly, with a highly-optimized
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network protocol. Currently, only the ESPHome tool and Home Assistant use this native API.
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After adding an ``api:`` line to your ESPHome configuration you can go to the Home Assistant
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web interface and navigate to the "Integrations" screen in the "Configuration" panel. Then wait
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for the ESPHome device to show up under the discovered section (can take up to 5 minutes) or add
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the device manually by choosing "ESPHome" from the integration overview and entering
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"<NODE_NAME>.local" or the IP address of the unit in the "Host" field.
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The ESPHome native API is based on a custom TCP protocol using protocol buffers. You can find
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the protocol data structure definitions here: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/blob/dev/src/esphome/components/api/api.proto
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A Python library that implements this protocol is `aioesphomeapi <https://github.com/esphome/aioesphomeapi>`__.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example configuration entry
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api:
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password: 'MyPassword'
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Configuration variables:
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------------------------
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- **port** (*Optional*, integer): The port to run the API Server on. Defaults to ``6053``.
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- **password** (*Optional*, string): The password to protect the API Server with. Defaults to no password.
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- **services** (*Optional*, list): A list of user-defined services. See :ref:`api-services`.
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- **reboot_timeout** (*Optional*, :ref:`time <config-time>`): The amount of time to wait before rebooting when no
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client connects to the API. This is needed because sometimes the low level ESP functions report that
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the ESP is connected to the network, when in fact it is not - only a full reboot fixes it.
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Can be disabled by setting this to ``0s``. Defaults to ``5min``.
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- **id** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-id`): Manually specify the ID used for code generation.
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.. _api-mqtt_to_native:
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Migrating from MQTT to Native API Setup in Home Assistant
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---------------------------------------------------------
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The native API is the best way to use ESPHome together with Home Assistant - it's fast,
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highly efficient and requires almost zero setup (whereas MQTT requires you to set up an MQTT broker first).
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If you've previously used ESPHome with Home Assistant via MQTT and have enabled MQTT discovery,
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the upgrade process is unfortunately not just swapping out the ``mqtt`` for ``api`` in your configuration:
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Home Assistant's `entity registry <https://developers.home-assistant.io/docs/en/entity_registry_index.html>`__ complicates
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things a bit. If you don't follow these steps, all your new native API entities will have a trailing
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``_2`` at the end of the entity ID.
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You can repeat these steps for all your nodes, or convert them over to the new native API one by one.
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1. Disable MQTT discovery on ESP side. In your ESPHome configuration, set a special "clean" discovery flag:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In your ESPHome configuration! Not HA config!
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mqtt:
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# Other settings ...
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discovery: clean
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2. Compile and upload this new firmware. All entities should now be gone from Home Assistant.
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3. Go to your Home Assistant configuration folder and go to the ``.storage`` folder (might be hidden
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depending on your operating system). In there you will find a file called ``core.entity_registry`` - open
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the file with a text editor and paste the contents below:
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.. raw:: html
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<textarea rows="10" cols="50" id="entity-reg-converter"></textarea>
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<button type="button" id="entity-reg-button">Convert Entity Registry</button>
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<script>
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var elem = document.getElementById("entity-reg-converter");
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elem.addEventListener("click", function() {
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elem.focus();
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elem.select();
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});
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document.getElementById("entity-reg-button").addEventListener("click", function() {
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try {
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data = JSON.parse(elem.value);
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} catch(e) {
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alert(e);
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}
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var entities = data.data.entities;
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var newEntities = [];
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for (var i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
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var entity = entities[i];
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if (entity.platform != "mqtt") {
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newEntities.push(entity);
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}
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}
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data.data.entities = newEntities;
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elem.value = JSON.stringify(data, null, 4);
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});
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</script>
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4. Stop Home Assistant - this is necessary for the entity registry changes not to become overriden.
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5. Convert the Entity Registry file above using the "Convert Entity Registry Button", and
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override the ``.storage/core.entity_registry`` file with the new contents.
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6. Start Home Assistant.
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7. Now you can enable the ESPHome native API (and upload the new firmware)
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example configuration entry
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api:
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8. In Home Assistant, go to "Configuration" -> "Integrations" - if you've set up the ``discovery:`` component,
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you'll already see the ESP as a suggestion to be configured. But if you're having issues with that, you can
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always manually set up an ESPHome device using "Set up a new integration" -> "ESPHome".
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9. Now you can remove ``mqtt:`` from your ESPHome configuration. You don't have to, but doing so will
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free up resources (of which these ESPs don't have too much).
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.. _api-homeassistant_service_action:
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``homeassistant.service`` Action
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--------------------------------
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When using the native API with Home Assistant, you can create Home Assistant service
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calls straight from ESPHome :ref:`Automations <automation>`.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# In some trigger
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on_...:
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# Simple
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- homeassistant.service:
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service: notify.html5
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data:
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title: Button was pressed
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# With templates and variables
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- homeassistant.service:
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service: notify.html5
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data:
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title: New Humidity
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data_template:
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message: The humidity is {{ my_variable }}%.
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variables:
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my_variable: |-
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return id(my_sensor).state;
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Configuration options:
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- **service** (**Required**, string): The Home Assistant `Service <https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/scripts/service-calls/>`__
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to call.
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- **data** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional *static* data to pass along with the service call.
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- **data_template** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional template data to pass along with the service call.
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This is evaluated on the Home Assistant side with Home Assistant's templating engine.
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- **variables** (*Optional*, mapping): Optional variables that can be used in the ``data_template``.
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Values are :ref:`lambdas <config-lambda>` and will be evaluated before sending the request.
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.. _api-services:
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User-defined Services
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---------------------
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It is also possible to get data from Home Assistant to ESPHome with user-defined services.
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When you declare services in your ESPHome YAML file, they will automatically show up in
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Home Assistant and you can call them directly.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example configuration entry
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api:
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services:
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- service: start_laundry
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then:
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- switch.turn_on: relay
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- delay: 3h
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- switch.turn_off: relay
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For example with the configuration seen above, after uploading you will see a service
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called ``esphome.livingroom_start_laundry`` (livingroom is the node name) which you can
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then call.
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Additionally, you can also transmit data from Home Assistant to ESPHome with this method:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example configuration entry
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api:
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services:
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- service: start_effect
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variables:
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my_brightness: int
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my_effect: string
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then:
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- light.turn_on:
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id: my_light
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brightness: !lambda 'return my_brightness;'
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effect: !lambda 'return my_effect;'
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Using the ``variables`` key you can tell ESPHome which variables to expect from Home Assistant.
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For example the service seen above would be executed with something like this:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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# Example Home Assistant Service Call
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service: esphome.livingroom_start_effect
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data_template:
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my_brightness: "{{ states.brightness.state }}"
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my_effect: "Rainbow"
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Then each variable you define in the ``variables`` section is accessible in the automation
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triggered by the user-defined service through the name you gave it in the variables section
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(note: this is a local variable, so do not wrap it in ``id(...)`` to access it).
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There are currently 4 types of variables:
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- bool: A boolean (ON/OFF). C++ type: ``bool``
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- int: An integer. C++ type: ``int``/``int32_t``
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- float: A floating point number. C++ type: ``float``
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- string: A string. C++ type: ``std::string``
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.. _api-connected_condition:
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``api.connected`` Condition
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---------------------------
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This :ref:`Condition <config-condition>` checks if at least one client is connected to the ESPHome
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native API. Please note client not only includes Home Assistant, but also ESPHome's OTA log output
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if logs are shown remotely.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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on_...:
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if:
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condition:
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api.connected:
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then:
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- logger.log: API is connected!
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Advantages over MQTT
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--------------------
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The ESPHome native API has many advantages over using MQTT for communication with Home
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Automation software (currently only Home Assistant). But MQTT is a great protocol and will
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never be removed. Features of native API (vs. MQTT):
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- **Much more efficient:** ESPHome encodes all messages in a highly optimized format with
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protocol buffers - for example binary sensor state messages are about 1/10 of the size.
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- **One-click configuration:** ESPHome just needs one click to set up in Home Assistant -
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no more messing around with retained MQTT discovery messages and alike.
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- **One less single point of failure:** In the ESPHome native API each ESP is its own server.
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With MQTT, when the broker shuts off nothing can communicate anymore.
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- **Stability:** Since ESPHome has far more control over the protocol than with MQTT,
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it's really easy for us to roll out stability improvements.
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- **Low Latency:** The native API is optimized for very low latency, usually this is only
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a couple of milliseconds and far less than can be noticed by the eye.
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See Also
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--------
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- :apiref:`api/api_server.h`
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- :ghedit:`Edit`
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