diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 9ebc1ac631..38bb21e0ac 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ esphome/components/number/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/ota/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/output/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/pca6416a/* @Mat931
-esphome/components/pca9554/* @hwstar
+esphome/components/pca9554/* @clydebarrow @hwstar
 esphome/components/pcf85063/* @brogon
 esphome/components/pcf8563/* @KoenBreeman
 esphome/components/pid/* @OttoWinter
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
index 76d6ddaf32..a5b4ce492c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@hwstar"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@hwstar", "@clydebarrow"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
+CONF_PIN_COUNT = "pin_count"
 pca9554_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("pca9554")
 
 PCA9554Component = pca9554_ns.class_("PCA9554Component", cg.Component, i2c.I2CDevice)
@@ -23,7 +25,12 @@ PCA9554GPIOPin = pca9554_ns.class_(
 
 CONF_PCA9554 = "pca9554"
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    cv.Schema({cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCA9554Component)})
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(PCA9554Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PIN_COUNT, default=8): cv.one_of(4, 8, 16),
+        }
+    )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x20)
@@ -33,6 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    cg.add(var.set_pin_count(config[CONF_PIN_COUNT]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
@@ -45,11 +53,32 @@ def validate_mode(value):
     return value
 
 
+def validate_pin(config):
+    pca_id = config[CONF_PCA9554].id
+
+    # when pin config validation is performed, the entire YAML has been read, but depending on the component order,
+    # the pca9554 component may not yet have been processed, so its id property could be either the original string,
+    # or an ID object.
+    def matcher(p):
+        id = p[CONF_ID]
+        if isinstance(id, ID):
+            return id.id == pca_id
+        return id == pca_id
+
+    pca = list(filter(matcher, CORE.raw_config[CONF_PCA9554]))
+    if not pca:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"No pca9554 component found with id matching {pca_id}")
+    count = pca[0][CONF_PIN_COUNT]
+    if config[CONF_NUMBER] >= count:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin number must be in range 0-{count - 1}")
+    return config
+
+
 PCA9554_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(PCA9554GPIOPin),
         cv.Required(CONF_PCA9554): cv.use_id(PCA9554Component),
-        cv.Required(CONF_NUMBER): cv.int_range(min=0, max=8),
+        cv.Required(CONF_NUMBER): cv.int_range(min=0, max=15),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MODE, default={}): cv.All(
             {
                 cv.Optional(CONF_INPUT, default=False): cv.boolean,
@@ -58,7 +87,8 @@ PCA9554_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             validate_mode,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_INVERTED, default=False): cv.boolean,
-    }
+    },
+    validate_pin,
 )
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
index 74c64dffaa..c5a4bcfb09 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace pca9554 {
 
+// for 16 bit expanders, these addresses will be doubled.
 const uint8_t INPUT_REG = 0;
 const uint8_t OUTPUT_REG = 1;
 const uint8_t INVERT_REG = 2;
@@ -13,9 +14,10 @@ static const char *const TAG = "pca9554";
 
 void PCA9554Component::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up PCA9554/PCA9554A...");
+  this->reg_width_ = (this->pin_count_ + 7) / 8;
   // Test to see if device exists
   if (!this->read_inputs_()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PCA9554 not available under 0x%02X", this->address_);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PCA95xx not detected at 0x%02X", this->address_);
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ void PCA9554Component::loop() {
 
 void PCA9554Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "PCA9554:");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  I/O Pins: %d", this->pin_count_);
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this)
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Communication with PCA9554 failed!");
@@ -85,25 +88,33 @@ void PCA9554Component::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
 }
 
 bool PCA9554Component::read_inputs_() {
-  uint8_t inputs;
+  uint8_t inputs[2];
 
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device marked failed");
     return false;
   }
 
-  if ((this->last_error_ = this->read_register(INPUT_REG, &inputs, 1, true)) != esphome::i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+  if ((this->last_error_ = this->read_register(INPUT_REG * this->reg_width_, inputs, this->reg_width_, true)) !=
+      esphome::i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     this->status_set_warning();
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "read_register_(): I2C I/O error: %d", (int) this->last_error_);
     return false;
   }
   this->status_clear_warning();
-  this->input_mask_ = inputs;
+  this->input_mask_ = inputs[0];
+  if (this->reg_width_ == 2) {
+    this->input_mask_ |= inputs[1] << 8;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
-bool PCA9554Component::write_register_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value) {
-  if ((this->last_error_ = this->write_register(reg, &value, 1, true)) != esphome::i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+bool PCA9554Component::write_register_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value) {
+  uint8_t outputs[2];
+  outputs[0] = (uint8_t) value;
+  outputs[1] = (uint8_t) (value >> 8);
+  if ((this->last_error_ = this->write_register(reg * this->reg_width_, outputs, this->reg_width_, true)) !=
+      esphome::i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     this->status_set_warning();
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "write_register_(): I2C I/O error: %d", (int) this->last_error_);
     return false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
index c2aa5c30ed..c548bec619 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
@@ -28,19 +28,25 @@ class PCA9554Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
+  void set_pin_count(size_t pin_count) { this->pin_count_ = pin_count; }
+
  protected:
   bool read_inputs_();
 
-  bool write_register_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value);
+  bool write_register_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value);
 
+  /// number of bits the expander has
+  size_t pin_count_{8};
+  /// width of registers
+  size_t reg_width_{1};
   /// Mask for the pin config - 1 means OUTPUT, 0 means INPUT
-  uint8_t config_mask_{0x00};
+  uint16_t config_mask_{0x00};
   /// The mask to write as output state - 1 means HIGH, 0 means LOW
-  uint8_t output_mask_{0x00};
+  uint16_t output_mask_{0x00};
   /// The state of the actual input pin states - 1 means HIGH, 0 means LOW
-  uint8_t input_mask_{0x00};
+  uint16_t input_mask_{0x00};
   /// Flags to check if read previously during this loop
-  uint8_t was_previously_read_ = {0x00};
+  uint16_t was_previously_read_ = {0x00};
   /// Storage for last I2C error seen
   esphome::i2c::ErrorCode last_error_;
 };
diff --git a/tests/test1.yaml b/tests/test1.yaml
index 462b1ec197..1498dac69d 100644
--- a/tests/test1.yaml
+++ b/tests/test1.yaml
@@ -3182,6 +3182,7 @@ pcf8574:
 
 pca9554:
   - id: pca9554_hub
+    pin_count: 8
     address: 0x3F
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
 
@@ -3331,7 +3332,12 @@ rtttl:
 canbus:
   - platform: mcp2515
     id: mcp2515_can
-    cs_pin: GPIO17
+    cs_pin:
+      pca9554: pca9554_hub
+      number: 7
+      mode:
+        output: true
+      inverted: true
     can_id: 4
     bit_rate: 50kbps
     on_frame: