diff --git a/esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.cpp b/esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.cpp
index 2ec297a6f4..799440fdfc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.cpp
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ void BH1750Sensor::setup() {
     return;
   }
 
-  uint8_t mtreg_hi = (this->measurement_time_ >> 5) & 0b111;
-  uint8_t mtreg_lo = (this->measurement_time_ >> 0) & 0b11111;
+  uint8_t mtreg_hi = (this->measurement_duration_ >> 5) & 0b111;
+  uint8_t mtreg_lo = (this->measurement_duration_ >> 0) & 0b11111;
   this->write_bytes(BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_HI | mtreg_hi, nullptr, 0);
   this->write_bytes(BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_LO | mtreg_lo, nullptr, 0);
 }
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void BH1750Sensor::read_data_() {
   }
 
   float lx = float(raw_value) / 1.2f;
-  lx *= 69.0f / this->measurement_time_;
+  lx *= 69.0f / this->measurement_duration_;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Got illuminance=%.1flx", this->get_name().c_str(), lx);
   this->publish_state(lx);
   this->status_clear_warning();
diff --git a/esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.h b/esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.h
index 00abd53e92..c88fa10832 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class BH1750Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c:
    * @param resolution The new resolution of the sensor.
    */
   void set_resolution(BH1750Resolution resolution);
-  void set_measurement_time(uint8_t measurement_time) { measurement_time_ = measurement_time; }
+  void set_measurement_duration(uint8_t measurement_duration) { measurement_duration_ = measurement_duration; }
 
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class BH1750Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c:
   void read_data_();
 
   BH1750Resolution resolution_{BH1750_RESOLUTION_0P5_LX};
-  uint8_t measurement_time_;
+  uint8_t measurement_duration_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace bh1750
diff --git a/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
index 9ad1b7eadb..0e37b2b865 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bh1750/sensor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
     ICON_EMPTY,
     UNIT_LUX,
+    CONF_MEASUREMENT_DURATION,
 )
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -32,9 +33,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESOLUTION, default=0.5): cv.enum(
                 BH1750_RESOLUTIONS, float=True
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_MEASUREMENT_TIME, default=69): cv.int_range(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MEASUREMENT_DURATION, default=69): cv.int_range(
                 min=31, max=254
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MEASUREMENT_TIME): cv.invalid(
+                "The 'measurement_time' option has been replaced with 'measurement_duration' in 1.18.0"
+            ),
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
@@ -49,4 +53,4 @@ def to_code(config):
     yield i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_resolution(config[CONF_RESOLUTION]))
-    cg.add(var.set_measurement_time(config[CONF_MEASUREMENT_TIME]))
+    cg.add(var.set_measurement_duration(config[CONF_MEASUREMENT_DURATION]))
diff --git a/tests/test1.yaml b/tests/test1.yaml
index 0f1e6aa97f..01431eb1fc 100644
--- a/tests/test1.yaml
+++ b/tests/test1.yaml
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ sensor:
     retain: False
     availability:
     state_topic: livingroom/custom_state_topic
-    measurement_time: 31
+    measurement_duration: 31
   - platform: bme280
     temperature:
       name: 'Outside Temperature'