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harbor/docs/installation_guide.md
Daniel Jiang 9582637651 fixes #2539 (#2877)
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Installation and Configuration Guide

Harbor can be installed by one of two approaches:

  • Online installer: The installer downloads Harbor's images from Docker hub. For this reason, the installer is very small in size.

  • Offline installer: Use this installer when the host does not have an Internet connection. The installer contains pre-built images so its size is larger.

All installers can be downloaded from the official release page.

This guide describes the steps to install and configure Harbor by using the online or offline installer. The installation processes are almost the same.

If you run a previous version of Harbor, you may need to update harbor.cfg and migrate the data to fit the new database schema. For more details, please refer to Harbor Migration Guide.

In addition, the deployment instructions on Kubernetes has been created by the community. Refer to Harbor on Kubernetes for details.

Prerequisites for the target host

Harbor is deployed as several Docker containers, and, therefore, can be deployed on any Linux distribution that supports Docker. The target host requires Python, Docker, and Docker Compose to be installed.

  • Python should be version 2.7 or higher. Note that you may have to install Python on Linux distributions (Gentoo, Arch) that do not come with a Python interpreter installed by default
  • Docker engine should be version 1.10 or higher. For installation instructions, please refer to: https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/
  • Docker Compose needs to be version 1.6.0 or higher. For installation instructions, please refer to: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/

Installation Steps

The installation steps boil down to the following

  1. Download the installer;
  2. Configure harbor.cfg;
  3. Run install.sh to install and start Harbor;

Downloading the installer:

The binary of the installer can be downloaded from the release page. Choose either online or offline installer. Use tar command to extract the package.

Online installer:

    $ tar xvf harbor-online-installer-<version>.tgz

Offline installer:

    $ tar xvf harbor-offline-installer-<version>.tgz

Configuring Harbor

Configuration parameters are located in the file harbor.cfg.

There are two categories of parameters in harbor.cfg, required parameters and optional parameters.

  • required parameters: These parameters are required to be set in the configuration file. They will take effect if a user updates them in harbor.cfg and run the install.sh script to reinstall Harbor.

  • optional parameters: These parameters are optional for updating, i.e. user can leave them as default and update them on Web UI after Harbor is started. If they are set in harbor.cfg, they only take effect in the first launch of Harbor. Subsequent update to these parameters in harbor.cfg will be ignored.

    Note: If you choose to set these parameters via the UI, be sure to do so right after Harbor is started. In particular, you must set the desired auth_mode before registering or creating any new users in Harbor. When there are users in the system (besides the default admin user), auth_mode cannot be changed.

The parameters are described below - note that at the very least, you will need to change the hostname attribute.

Required parameters:
  • hostname: The target host's hostname, which is used to access the UI and the registry service. It should be the IP address or the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of your target machine, e.g., 192.168.1.10 or reg.yourdomain.com. Do NOT use localhost or 127.0.0.1 for the hostname - the registry service needs to be accessible by external clients!
  • ui_url_protocol: (http or https. Default is http) The protocol used to access the UI and the token/notification service. If Notary is enabled, this parameter has to be https. By default, this is http. To set up the https protocol, refer to Configuring Harbor with HTTPS Access.
  • db_password: The root password for the MySQL database used for db_auth. Change this password for any production use!
  • max_job_workers: (default value is 3) The maximum number of replication workers in job service. For each image replication job, a worker synchronizes all tags of a repository to the remote destination. Increasing this number allows more concurrent replication jobs in the system. However, since each worker consumes a certain amount of network/CPU/IO resources, please carefully pick the value of this attribute based on the hardware resource of the host.
  • customize_crt: (on or off. Default is on) When this attribute is on, the prepare script creates private key and root certificate for the generation/verification of the registry's token. Set this attribute to off when the key and root certificate are supplied by external sources. Refer to Customize Key and Certificate of Harbor Token Service for more info.
  • ssl_cert: The path of SSL certificate, it's applied only when the protocol is set to https
  • ssl_cert_key: The path of SSL key, it's applied only when the protocol is set to https
  • secretkey_path: The path of key for encrypt or decrypt the password of a remote registry in a replication policy.
Optional parameters

  • Email settings: These parameters are needed for Harbor to be able to send a user a "password reset" email, and are only necessary if that functionality is needed. Also, do note that by default SSL connectivity is not enabled - if your SMTP server requires SSL, but does not support STARTTLS, then you should enable SSL by setting email_ssl = true. For a detailed description about "email_identity" please refer to rfc2595

  • harbor_admin_password: The administrator's initial password. This password only takes effect for the first time Harbor launches. After that, this setting is ignored and the administrator's password should be set in the UI. Note that the default username/password are admin/Harbor12345 .

  • auth_mode: The type of authentication that is used. By default, it is db_auth, i.e. the credentials are stored in a database. For LDAP authentication, set this to ldap_auth.

    IMPORTANT: When upgrading from an existing Harbor instance, you must make sure auth_mode is the same in harbor.cfg before launching the new version of Harbor. Otherwise, users may not be able to log in after the upgrade.

  • ldap_url: The LDAP endpoint URL (e.g. ldaps://ldap.mydomain.com). Only used when auth_mode is set to ldap_auth .

  • ldap_searchdn: The DN of a user who has the permission to search an LDAP/AD server (e.g. uid=admin,ou=people,dc=mydomain,dc=com).

  • ldap_search_pwd: The password of the user specified by ldap_searchdn.

  • ldap_basedn: The base DN to look up a user, e.g. ou=people,dc=mydomain,dc=com. Only used when auth_mode is set to ldap_auth .

  • ldap_filter:The search filter for looking up a user, e.g. (objectClass=person).

  • ldap_uid: The attribute used to match a user during a LDAP search, it could be uid, cn, email or other attributes.

  • ldap_scope: The scope to search for a user, 1-LDAP_SCOPE_BASE, 2-LDAP_SCOPE_ONELEVEL, 3-LDAP_SCOPE_SUBTREE. Default is 3.

  • self_registration: (on or off. Default is on) Enable / Disable the ability for a user to register himself/herself. When disabled, new users can only be created by the Admin user, only an admin user can create new users in Harbor. NOTE: When auth_mode is set to ldap_auth, self-registration feature is always disabled, and this flag is ignored.

  • token_expiration: The expiration time (in minutes) of a token created by token service, default is 30 minutes.

  • project_creation_restriction: The flag to control what users have permission to create projects. By default everyone can create a project, set to "adminonly" such that only admin can create project.

  • verify_remote_cert: (on or off. Default is on) This flag determines whether or not to verify SSL/TLS certificate when Harbor communicates with a remote registry instance. Setting this attribute to off bypasses the SSL/TLS verification, which is often used when the remote instance has a self-signed or untrusted certificate.

Configuring storage backend (optional)

By default, Harbor stores images on your local filesystem. In a production environment, you may consider using other storage backend instead of the local filesystem, like S3, Openstack Swift, Ceph, etc. What you need to update is the section of storage in the file common/templates/registry/config.yml. For example, if you use Openstack Swift as your storage backend, the section may look like this:

storage:
  swift:
    username: admin
    password: ADMIN_PASS
    authurl: http://keystone_addr:35357/v3/auth
    tenant: admin
    domain: default
    region: regionOne
    container: docker_images

NOTE: For detailed information on storage backend of a registry, refer to Registry Configuration Reference .

Finishing installation and starting Harbor

Once harbor.cfg and storage backend (optional) are configured, install and start Harbor using the install.sh script. Note that it may take some time for the online installer to download Harbor images from Docker hub.

Default installation (without Notary)

After version 1.1.0, Harbor has integrated with Notary, but by default the installation does not include Notary service.

    $ sudo ./install.sh

If everything worked properly, you should be able to open a browser to visit the admin portal at http://reg.yourdomain.com (change reg.yourdomain.com to the hostname configured in your harbor.cfg). Note that the default administrator username/password are admin/Harbor12345 .

Log in to the admin portal and create a new project, e.g. myproject. You can then use docker commands to login and push images (By default, the registry server listens on port 80):

$ docker login reg.yourdomain.com
$ docker push reg.yourdomain.com/myproject/myrepo:mytag

IMPORTANT: The default installation of Harbor uses HTTP - as such, you will need to add the option --insecure-registry to your client's Docker daemon and restart the Docker service.

Installation with Notary

To install Harbor with Notary service, add a parameter when you run install.sh:

    $ sudo ./install.sh --with-notary

Note: For installation with Notary the parameter ui_url_protocol must be set to "https". For configuring HTTPS please refer to the following sections.

More information about Notary and Docker Content Trust, please refer to Docker's documentation: https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/trust/content_trust/

For information on how to use Harbor, please refer to User Guide of Harbor .

Configuring Harbor with HTTPS access

Harbor does not ship with any certificates, and, by default, uses HTTP to serve requests. While this makes it relatively simple to set up and run - especially for a development or testing environment - it is not recommended for a production environment. To enable HTTPS, please refer to Configuring Harbor with HTTPS Access.

Managing Harbor's lifecycle

You can use docker-compose to manage the lifecycle of Harbor. Some useful commands are listed as follows (must run in the same directory as docker-compose.yml).

Stopping Harbor:

$ sudo docker-compose stop
Stopping nginx ... done
Stopping harbor-jobservice ... done
Stopping harbor-ui ... done
Stopping harbor-db ... done
Stopping registry ... done
Stopping harbor-log ... done

Restarting Harbor after stopping:

$ sudo docker-compose start
Starting log ... done
Starting ui ... done
Starting mysql ... done
Starting jobservice ... done
Starting registry ... done
Starting proxy ... done

To change Harbor's configuration, first stop existing Harbor instance and update harbor.cfg. Then run prepare script to populate the configuration. Finally re-create and start Harbor's instance:

$ sudo docker-compose down -v
$ vim harbor.cfg
$ sudo prepare
$ sudo docker-compose up -d

Removing Harbor's containers while keeping the image data and Harbor's database files on the file system:

$ sudo docker-compose down -v

Removing Harbor's database and image data (for a clean re-installation):

$ rm -r /data/database
$ rm -r /data/registry

Managing lifecycle of Harbor when it's installed with Notary

When Harbor is installed with Notary, an extra template file docker-compose.notary.yml is needed for docker-compose commands. The docker-compose commands to manage the lifecycle of Harbor are:

$ sudo docker-compose -f ./docker-compose.yml -f ./docker-compose.notary.yml [ up|down|ps|stop|start ]

For example, if you want to change configuration in harbor.cfg and re-deploy Harbor when it's installed with Notary, the following commands should be used:

$ sudo docker-compose -f ./docker-compose.yml -f ./docker-compose.notary.yml down -v
$ vim harbor.cfg
$ sudo prepare --with-notary
$ sudo docker-compose -f ./docker-compose.yml -f ./docker-compose.notary.yml up -d

Please check the Docker Compose command-line reference for more on docker-compose.

Persistent data and log files

By default, registry data is persisted in the host's /data/ directory. This data remains unchanged even when Harbor's containers are removed and/or recreated.

In addition, Harbor uses rsyslog to collect the logs of each container. By default, these log files are stored in the directory /var/log/harbor/ on the target host for troubleshooting.

Configuring Harbor listening on a customized port

By default, Harbor listens on port 80(HTTP) and 443(HTTPS, if configured) for both admin portal and docker commands, you can configure it with a customized one.

For HTTP protocol

1.Modify docker-compose.yml
Replace the first "80" to a customized port, e.g. 8888:80.

proxy:
    image: library/nginx:1.11.5
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - ./config/nginx:/etc/nginx
    ports:
      - 8888:80
      - 443:443
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - registry
      - ui
      - log
    logging:
      driver: "syslog"
      options:  
        syslog-address: "tcp://127.0.0.1:1514"
        tag: "proxy"

2.Modify harbor.cfg, add the port to the parameter "hostname"

hostname = 192.168.0.2:8888

3.Re-deploy Harbor refering to previous section "Managing Harbor's lifecycle".

For HTTPS protocol

1.Enable HTTPS in Harbor by following this guide.
2.Modify docker-compose.yml
Replace the first "443" to a customized port, e.g. 8888:443.

proxy:
    image: library/nginx:1.11.5
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - ./config/nginx:/etc/nginx
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 8888:443
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - registry
      - ui
      - log
    logging:
      driver: "syslog"
      options:  
        syslog-address: "tcp://127.0.0.1:1514"
        tag: "proxy"

3.Modify harbor.cfg, add the port to the parameter "hostname"

hostname = 192.168.0.2:8888

4.Re-deploy Harbor refering to previous section "Managing Harbor's lifecycle".

Troubleshooting

  1. When Harbor does not work properly, run the below commands to find out if all containers of Harbor are in UP status:
    $ sudo docker-compose ps
        Name                     Command               State                    Ports                   
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  harbor-db           docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      3306/tcp                                 
  harbor-jobservice   /harbor/harbor_jobservice        Up                                               
  harbor-log          /bin/sh -c crond && rsyslo ...   Up      127.0.0.1:1514->514/tcp                    
  harbor-ui           /harbor/harbor_ui                Up                                               
  nginx               nginx -g daemon off;             Up      0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp 
  registry            /entrypoint.sh serve /etc/ ...   Up      5000/tcp

If a container is not in UP state, check the log file of that container in directory /var/log/harbor. For example, if the container harbor-ui is not running, you should look at the log file ui.log.

2.When setting up Harbor behind an nginx proxy or elastic load balancing, look for the line below, in common/templates/nginx/nginx.http.conf and remove it from the sections if the proxy already has similar settings: location /, location /v2/ and location /service/.

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

and re-deploy Harbor refer to the previous section "Managing Harbor's lifecycle".