Paper/patches/server/0009-MC-Utils.patch

From 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aikar <aikar@aikar.co>
Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2016 20:55:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] MC Utils

== AT ==
public net.minecraft.server.level.ServerChunkCache mainThread
public net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel chunkSource
public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.inventory.CraftItemStack handle
public net.minecraft.server.level.ChunkMap getVisibleChunkIfPresent(J)Lnet/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder;
public net.minecraft.server.level.ServerChunkCache mainThreadProcessor
public net.minecraft.server.level.ServerChunkCache$MainThreadExecutor
public net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.LevelChunkSection states

diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/concurrent/WeakSeqLock.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/concurrent/WeakSeqLock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4029dc68cf35d63aa70c4a76c35bf65a7fc6358f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/concurrent/WeakSeqLock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+/**
+ * copied from https://github.com/Spottedleaf/ConcurrentUtil/blob/master/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/lock/WeakSeqLock.java
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class WeakSeqLock {
+    // TODO when the switch to J11 is made, nuke this class from orbit
+
+    protected final AtomicLong lock = new AtomicLong();
+
+    public WeakSeqLock() {
+        //VarHandle.storeStoreFence(); // warn: usages must be checked to ensure this behaviour isn't needed
+    }
+
+    public void acquireWrite() {
+        // must be release-type write
+        this.lock.lazySet(this.lock.get() + 1);
+    }
+
+    public boolean canRead(final long read) {
+        return (read & 1) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public boolean tryAcquireWrite() {
+        this.acquireWrite();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void releaseWrite() {
+        // must be acquire-type write
+        final long lock = this.lock.get(); // volatile here acts as store-store
+        this.lock.lazySet(lock + 1);
+    }
+
+    public void abortWrite() {
+        // must be acquire-type write
+        final long lock = this.lock.get(); // volatile here acts as store-store
+        this.lock.lazySet(lock ^ 1);
+    }
+
+    public long acquireRead() {
+        int failures = 0;
+        long curr;
+
+        for (curr = this.lock.get(); !this.canRead(curr); curr = this.lock.get()) {
+            // without j11, our only backoff is the yield() call...
+
+            if (++failures > 5_000) { /* TODO determine a threshold */
+                Thread.yield();
+            }
+            /* Better waiting is beyond the scope of this lock; if it is needed the lock is being misused */
+        }
+
+        //VarHandle.loadLoadFence(); // volatile acts as the load-load barrier
+        return curr;
+    }
+
+    public boolean tryReleaseRead(final long read) {
+        return this.lock.get() == read; // volatile acts as the load-load barrier
+    }
+
+    public long getSequentialCounter() {
+        return this.lock.get();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Int.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Int.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59868f37d14bbc0ece0836095cdad148778995e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Int.java
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.map;
+
+import com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent.WeakSeqLock;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongOpenHashSet;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectIterator;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public class QueuedChangesMapLong2Int {
+
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap updatingMap;
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap visibleMap;
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap queuedPuts;
+    protected final LongOpenHashSet queuedRemove;
+
+    protected int queuedDefaultReturnValue;
+
+    // we use a seqlock as writes are not common.
+    protected final WeakSeqLock updatingMapSeqLock = new WeakSeqLock();
+
+    public QueuedChangesMapLong2Int() {
+        this(16, 0.75f);
+    }
+
+    public QueuedChangesMapLong2Int(final int capacity, final float loadFactor) {
+        this.updatingMap = new Long2IntOpenHashMap(capacity, loadFactor);
+        this.visibleMap = new Long2IntOpenHashMap(capacity, loadFactor);
+        this.queuedPuts = new Long2IntOpenHashMap();
+        this.queuedRemove = new LongOpenHashSet();
+    }
+
+    public void queueDefaultReturnValue(final int dfl) {
+        this.queuedDefaultReturnValue = dfl;
+        this.updatingMap.defaultReturnValue(dfl);
+    }
+
+    public int queueUpdate(final long k, final int v) {
+        this.queuedRemove.remove(k);
+        this.queuedPuts.put(k, v);
+
+        return this.updatingMap.put(k, v);
+    }
+
+    public int queueRemove(final long k) {
+        this.queuedPuts.remove(k);
+        this.queuedRemove.add(k);
+
+        return this.updatingMap.remove(k);
+    }
+
+    public int getUpdating(final long k) {
+        return this.updatingMap.get(k);
+    }
+
+    public int getVisible(final long k) {
+        return this.visibleMap.get(k);
+    }
+
+    public int getVisibleAsync(final long k) {
+        long readlock;
+        int ret = 0;
+
+        do {
+            readlock = this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+            try {
+                ret = this.visibleMap.get(k);
+            } catch (final Throwable thr) {
+                if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                }
+                // ignore...
+                continue;
+            }
+
+        } while (!this.updatingMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public boolean performUpdates() {
+        this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+        this.visibleMap.defaultReturnValue(this.queuedDefaultReturnValue);
+        this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+
+        if (this.queuedPuts.isEmpty() && this.queuedRemove.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // update puts
+        final ObjectIterator<Long2IntMap.Entry> iterator0 = this.queuedPuts.long2IntEntrySet().fastIterator();
+        while (iterator0.hasNext()) {
+            final Long2IntMap.Entry entry = iterator0.next();
+            final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+            final int val = entry.getIntValue();
+
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+            try {
+                this.visibleMap.put(key, val);
+            } finally {
+                this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.queuedPuts.clear();
+
+        final LongIterator iterator1 = this.queuedRemove.iterator();
+        while (iterator1.hasNext()) {
+            final long key = iterator1.nextLong();
+
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+            try {
+                this.visibleMap.remove(key);
+            } finally {
+                this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.queuedRemove.clear();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean performUpdatesLockMap() {
+        this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+        try {
+            this.visibleMap.defaultReturnValue(this.queuedDefaultReturnValue);
+
+            if (this.queuedPuts.isEmpty() && this.queuedRemove.isEmpty()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // update puts
+            final ObjectIterator<Long2IntMap.Entry> iterator0 = this.queuedPuts.long2IntEntrySet().fastIterator();
+            while (iterator0.hasNext()) {
+                final Long2IntMap.Entry entry = iterator0.next();
+                final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+                final int val = entry.getIntValue();
+
+                this.visibleMap.put(key, val);
+            }
+
+            this.queuedPuts.clear();
+
+            final LongIterator iterator1 = this.queuedRemove.iterator();
+            while (iterator1.hasNext()) {
+                final long key = iterator1.nextLong();
+
+                this.visibleMap.remove(key);
+            }
+
+            this.queuedRemove.clear();
+
+            return true;
+        } finally {
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Object.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Object.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7bab31a312463cc963d9621cdc543a281459bd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/map/QueuedChangesMapLong2Object.java
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.map;
+
+import com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent.WeakSeqLock;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectBidirectionalIterator;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public class QueuedChangesMapLong2Object<V> {
+
+    protected static final Object REMOVED = new Object();
+
+    protected final Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<V> updatingMap;
+    protected final Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<V> visibleMap;
+    protected final Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<Object> queuedChanges;
+
+    // we use a seqlock as writes are not common.
+    protected final WeakSeqLock updatingMapSeqLock = new WeakSeqLock();
+
+    public QueuedChangesMapLong2Object() {
+        this(16, 0.75f); // dfl for fastutil
+    }
+
+    public QueuedChangesMapLong2Object(final int capacity, final float loadFactor) {
+        this.updatingMap = new Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<>(capacity, loadFactor);
+        this.visibleMap = new Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<>(capacity, loadFactor);
+        this.queuedChanges = new Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<>();
+    }
+
+    public V queueUpdate(final long k, final V value) {
+        this.queuedChanges.put(k, value);
+        return this.updatingMap.put(k, value);
+    }
+
+    public V queueRemove(final long k) {
+        this.queuedChanges.put(k, REMOVED);
+        return this.updatingMap.remove(k);
+    }
+
+    public V getUpdating(final long k) {
+        return this.updatingMap.get(k);
+    }
+
+    public boolean updatingContainsKey(final long k) {
+        return this.updatingMap.containsKey(k);
+    }
+
+    public V getVisible(final long k) {
+        return this.visibleMap.get(k);
+    }
+
+    public boolean visibleContainsKey(final long k) {
+        return this.visibleMap.containsKey(k);
+    }
+
+    public V getVisibleAsync(final long k) {
+        long readlock;
+        V ret = null;
+
+        do {
+            readlock = this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+
+            try {
+                ret = this.visibleMap.get(k);
+            } catch (final Throwable thr) {
+                if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                }
+                // ignore...
+                continue;
+            }
+
+        } while (!this.updatingMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public boolean visibleContainsKeyAsync(final long k) {
+        long readlock;
+        boolean ret = false;
+
+        do {
+            readlock = this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+
+            try {
+                ret = this.visibleMap.containsKey(k);
+            } catch (final Throwable thr) {
+                if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                }
+                // ignore...
+                continue;
+            }
+
+        } while (!this.updatingMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<V> getVisibleMap() {
+        return this.visibleMap;
+    }
+
+    public Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<V> getUpdatingMap() {
+        return this.updatingMap;
+    }
+
+    public int getVisibleSize() {
+        return this.visibleMap.size();
+    }
+
+    public int getVisibleSizeAsync() {
+        long readlock;
+        int ret;
+
+        do {
+            readlock = this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+            ret = this.visibleMap.size();
+        } while (!this.updatingMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // unlike mojang's impl this cannot be used async since it's not a view of an immutable map
+    public Collection<V> getUpdatingValues() {
+        return this.updatingMap.values();
+    }
+
+    public List<V> getUpdatingValuesCopy() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(this.updatingMap.values());
+    }
+
+    // unlike mojang's impl this cannot be used async since it's not a view of an immutable map
+    public Collection<V> getVisibleValues() {
+        return this.visibleMap.values();
+    }
+
+    public List<V> getVisibleValuesCopy() {
+        return new ArrayList<>(this.visibleMap.values());
+    }
+
+    public boolean performUpdates() {
+        if (this.queuedChanges.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final ObjectBidirectionalIterator<Long2ObjectMap.Entry<Object>> iterator = this.queuedChanges.long2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator();
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            final Long2ObjectMap.Entry<Object> entry = iterator.next();
+            final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+            final Object val = entry.getValue();
+
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+            try {
+                if (val == REMOVED) {
+                    this.visibleMap.remove(key);
+                } else {
+                    this.visibleMap.put(key, (V)val);
+                }
+            } finally {
+                this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.queuedChanges.clear();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean performUpdatesLockMap() {
+        if (this.queuedChanges.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final ObjectBidirectionalIterator<Long2ObjectMap.Entry<Object>> iterator = this.queuedChanges.long2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator();
+
+        try {
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+
+            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                final Long2ObjectMap.Entry<Object> entry = iterator.next();
+                final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+                final Object val = entry.getValue();
+
+                if (val == REMOVED) {
+                    this.visibleMap.remove(key);
+                } else {
+                    this.visibleMap.put(key, (V)val);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            this.updatingMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+        }
+
+        this.queuedChanges.clear();
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ChunkList.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ChunkList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..554f4d4e63c1431721989e6f502a32ccc53a8807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ChunkList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.LevelChunk;
+
+// list with O(1) remove & contains
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class ChunkList implements Iterable<LevelChunk> {
+
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap chunkToIndex = new Long2IntOpenHashMap(2, 0.8f);
+    {
+        this.chunkToIndex.defaultReturnValue(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    protected static final LevelChunk[] EMPTY_LIST = new LevelChunk[0];
+
+    protected LevelChunk[] chunks = EMPTY_LIST;
+    protected int count;
+
+    public int size() {
+        return this.count;
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final LevelChunk chunk) {
+        return this.chunkToIndex.containsKey(chunk.coordinateKey);
+    }
+
+    public boolean remove(final LevelChunk chunk) {
+        final int index = this.chunkToIndex.remove(chunk.coordinateKey);
+        if (index == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // move the entity at the end to this index
+        final int endIndex = --this.count;
+        final LevelChunk end = this.chunks[endIndex];
+        if (index != endIndex) {
+            // not empty after this call
+            this.chunkToIndex.put(end.coordinateKey, index); // update index
+        }
+        this.chunks[index] = end;
+        this.chunks[endIndex] = null;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final LevelChunk chunk) {
+        final int count = this.count;
+        final int currIndex = this.chunkToIndex.putIfAbsent(chunk.coordinateKey, count);
+
+        if (currIndex != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false; // already in this list
+        }
+
+        LevelChunk[] list = this.chunks;
+
+        if (list.length == count) {
+            // resize required
+            list = this.chunks = Arrays.copyOf(list, (int)Math.max(4L, count * 2L)); // overflow results in negative
+        }
+
+        list[count] = chunk;
+        this.count = count + 1;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public LevelChunk getChecked(final int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= this.count) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index + " is out of bounds, size: " + this.count);
+        }
+        return this.chunks[index];
+    }
+
+    public LevelChunk getUnchecked(final int index) {
+        return this.chunks[index];
+    }
+
+    public LevelChunk[] getRawData() {
+        return this.chunks;
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.chunkToIndex.clear();
+        Arrays.fill(this.chunks, 0, this.count, null);
+        this.count = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<LevelChunk> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<LevelChunk>() {
+
+            LevelChunk lastRet;
+            int current;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return this.current < ChunkList.this.count;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public LevelChunk next() {
+                if (this.current >= ChunkList.this.count) {
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                }
+                return this.lastRet = ChunkList.this.chunks[this.current++];
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void remove() {
+                final LevelChunk lastRet = this.lastRet;
+
+                if (lastRet == null) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException();
+                }
+                this.lastRet = null;
+
+                ChunkList.this.remove(lastRet);
+                --this.current;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/EntityList.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/EntityList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0133ea6feb1ab88f021f66855669f58367e7420b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/EntityList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.Int2IntOpenHashMap;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+// list with O(1) remove & contains
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class EntityList implements Iterable<Entity> {
+
+    protected final Int2IntOpenHashMap entityToIndex = new Int2IntOpenHashMap(2, 0.8f);
+    {
+        this.entityToIndex.defaultReturnValue(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    protected static final Entity[] EMPTY_LIST = new Entity[0];
+
+    protected Entity[] entities = EMPTY_LIST;
+    protected int count;
+
+    public int size() {
+        return this.count;
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final Entity entity) {
+        return this.entityToIndex.containsKey(entity.getId());
+    }
+
+    public boolean remove(final Entity entity) {
+        final int index = this.entityToIndex.remove(entity.getId());
+        if (index == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // move the entity at the end to this index
+        final int endIndex = --this.count;
+        final Entity end = this.entities[endIndex];
+        if (index != endIndex) {
+            // not empty after this call
+            this.entityToIndex.put(end.getId(), index); // update index
+        }
+        this.entities[index] = end;
+        this.entities[endIndex] = null;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final Entity entity) {
+        final int count = this.count;
+        final int currIndex = this.entityToIndex.putIfAbsent(entity.getId(), count);
+
+        if (currIndex != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false; // already in this list
+        }
+
+        Entity[] list = this.entities;
+
+        if (list.length == count) {
+            // resize required
+            list = this.entities = Arrays.copyOf(list, (int)Math.max(4L, count * 2L)); // overflow results in negative
+        }
+
+        list[count] = entity;
+        this.count = count + 1;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public Entity getChecked(final int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= this.count) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index + " is out of bounds, size: " + this.count);
+        }
+        return this.entities[index];
+    }
+
+    public Entity getUnchecked(final int index) {
+        return this.entities[index];
+    }
+
+    public Entity[] getRawData() {
+        return this.entities;
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.entityToIndex.clear();
+        Arrays.fill(this.entities, 0, this.count, null);
+        this.count = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Entity> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<Entity>() {
+
+            Entity lastRet;
+            int current;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return this.current < EntityList.this.count;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Entity next() {
+                if (this.current >= EntityList.this.count) {
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                }
+                return this.lastRet = EntityList.this.entities[this.current++];
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void remove() {
+                final Entity lastRet = this.lastRet;
+
+                if (lastRet == null) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException();
+                }
+                this.lastRet = null;
+
+                EntityList.this.remove(lastRet);
+                --this.current;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/IBlockDataList.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/IBlockDataList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..277cfd9d1e8fff5d9b5e534b75c3c5162d58b0b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/IBlockDataList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.shorts.Short2LongOpenHashMap;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Block;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.GlobalPalette;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class IBlockDataList {
+
+    static final GlobalPalette<BlockState> GLOBAL_PALETTE = new GlobalPalette<>(Block.BLOCK_STATE_REGISTRY);
+
+    // map of location -> (index | (location << 16) | (palette id << 32))
+    private final Short2LongOpenHashMap map = new Short2LongOpenHashMap(2, 0.8f);
+    {
+        this.map.defaultReturnValue(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    private static final long[] EMPTY_LIST = new long[0];
+
+    private long[] byIndex = EMPTY_LIST;
+    private int size;
+
+    public static int getLocationKey(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return (x & 15) | (((z & 15) << 4)) | ((y & 255) << (4 + 4));
+    }
+
+    public static BlockState getBlockDataFromRaw(final long raw) {
+        return GLOBAL_PALETTE.valueFor((int)(raw >>> 32));
+    }
+
+    public static int getIndexFromRaw(final long raw) {
+        return (int)(raw & 0xFFFF);
+    }
+
+    public static int getLocationFromRaw(final long raw) {
+        return (int)((raw >>> 16) & 0xFFFF);
+    }
+
+    public static long getRawFromValues(final int index, final int location, final BlockState data) {
+        return (long)index | ((long)location << 16) | (((long)GLOBAL_PALETTE.idFor(data)) << 32);
+    }
+
+    public static long setIndexRawValues(final long value, final int index) {
+        return value & ~(0xFFFF) | (index);
+    }
+
+    public long add(final int x, final int y, final int z, final BlockState data) {
+        return this.add(getLocationKey(x, y, z), data);
+    }
+
+    public long add(final int location, final BlockState data) {
+        final long curr = this.map.get((short)location);
+
+        if (curr == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+            final int index = this.size++;
+            final long raw = getRawFromValues(index, location, data);
+            this.map.put((short)location, raw);
+
+            if (index >= this.byIndex.length) {
+                this.byIndex = Arrays.copyOf(this.byIndex, (int)Math.max(4L, this.byIndex.length * 2L));
+            }
+
+            this.byIndex[index] = raw;
+            return raw;
+        } else {
+            final int index = getIndexFromRaw(curr);
+            final long raw = this.byIndex[index] = getRawFromValues(index, location, data);
+
+            this.map.put((short)location, raw);
+
+            return raw;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public long remove(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return this.remove(getLocationKey(x, y, z));
+    }
+
+    public long remove(final int location) {
+        final long ret = this.map.remove((short)location);
+        final int index = getIndexFromRaw(ret);
+        if (ret == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        // move the entry at the end to this index
+        final int endIndex = --this.size;
+        final long end = this.byIndex[endIndex];
+        if (index != endIndex) {
+            // not empty after this call
+            this.map.put((short)getLocationFromRaw(end), setIndexRawValues(end, index));
+        }
+        this.byIndex[index] = end;
+        this.byIndex[endIndex] = 0L;
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        return this.size;
+    }
+
+    public long getRaw(final int index) {
+        return this.byIndex[index];
+    }
+
+    public int getLocation(final int index) {
+        return getLocationFromRaw(this.getRaw(index));
+    }
+
+    public BlockState getData(final int index) {
+        return getBlockDataFromRaw(this.getRaw(index));
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.size = 0;
+        this.map.clear();
+    }
+
+    public LongIterator getRawIterator() {
+        return this.map.values().iterator();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ReferenceList.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ReferenceList.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..190c5f0b02a3d99054704ae1afbffb3498ddffe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/maplist/ReferenceList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2IntOpenHashMap;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class ReferenceList<E> implements Iterable<E> {
+
+    protected final Reference2IntOpenHashMap<E> referenceToIndex = new Reference2IntOpenHashMap<>(2, 0.8f);
+    {
+        this.referenceToIndex.defaultReturnValue(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    protected static final Object[] EMPTY_LIST = new Object[0];
+
+    protected Object[] references = EMPTY_LIST;
+    protected int count;
+
+    public int size() {
+        return this.count;
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final E obj) {
+        return this.referenceToIndex.containsKey(obj);
+    }
+
+    public boolean remove(final E obj) {
+        final int index = this.referenceToIndex.removeInt(obj);
+        if (index == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // move the object at the end to this index
+        final int endIndex = --this.count;
+        final E end = (E)this.references[endIndex];
+        if (index != endIndex) {
+            // not empty after this call
+            this.referenceToIndex.put(end, index); // update index
+        }
+        this.references[index] = end;
+        this.references[endIndex] = null;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final E obj) {
+        final int count = this.count;
+        final int currIndex = this.referenceToIndex.putIfAbsent(obj, count);
+
+        if (currIndex != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+            return false; // already in this list
+        }
+
+        Object[] list = this.references;
+
+        if (list.length == count) {
+            // resize required
+            list = this.references = Arrays.copyOf(list, (int)Math.max(4L, count * 2L)); // overflow results in negative
+        }
+
+        list[count] = obj;
+        this.count = count + 1;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public E getChecked(final int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= this.count) {
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index + " is out of bounds, size: " + this.count);
+        }
+        return (E)this.references[index];
+    }
+
+    public E getUnchecked(final int index) {
+        return (E)this.references[index];
+    }
+
+    public Object[] getRawData() {
+        return this.references;
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.referenceToIndex.clear();
+        Arrays.fill(this.references, 0, this.count, null);
+        this.count = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<>() {
+            private E lastRet;
+            private int current;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return this.current < ReferenceList.this.count;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public E next() {
+                if (this.current >= ReferenceList.this.count) {
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                }
+                return this.lastRet = (E)ReferenceList.this.references[this.current++];
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void remove() {
+                final E lastRet = this.lastRet;
+
+                if (lastRet == null) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException();
+                }
+                this.lastRet = null;
+
+                ReferenceList.this.remove(lastRet);
+                --this.current;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/AreaMap.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/AreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41b9405d6759d865e0d14dd4f95163e9690e967d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/AreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.IntegerUtil;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2IntOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2LongOpenHashMap;
+import io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil;
+import net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+/** @author Spottedleaf */
+public abstract class AreaMap<E> {
+
+    /* Tested via https://gist.github.com/Spottedleaf/520419c6f41ef348fe9926ce674b7217 */
+
+    protected final Object2LongOpenHashMap<E> objectToLastCoordinate = new Object2LongOpenHashMap<>();
+    protected final Object2IntOpenHashMap<E> objectToViewDistance = new Object2IntOpenHashMap<>();
+
+    {
+        this.objectToViewDistance.defaultReturnValue(-1);
+        this.objectToLastCoordinate.defaultReturnValue(Long.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    // we use linked for better iteration.
+    // map of: coordinate to set of objects in coordinate
+    protected final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> areaMap = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>(1024, 0.7f);
+    protected final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets;
+
+    protected final ChangeCallback<E> addCallback;
+    protected final ChangeCallback<E> removeCallback;
+    protected final ChangeSourceCallback<E> changeSourceCallback;
+
+    public AreaMap() {
+        this(new PooledLinkedHashSets<>());
+    }
+
+    // let users define a "global" or "shared" pooled sets if they wish
+    public AreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets) {
+        this(pooledHashSets, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public AreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<E> addCallback, final ChangeCallback<E> removeCallback) {
+        this(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback, null);
+    }
+    public AreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<E> addCallback, final ChangeCallback<E> removeCallback, final ChangeSourceCallback<E> changeSourceCallback) {
+        this.pooledHashSets = pooledHashSets;
+        this.addCallback = addCallback;
+        this.removeCallback = removeCallback;
+        this.changeSourceCallback = changeSourceCallback;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getObjectsInRange(final long key) {
+        return this.areaMap.get(key);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getObjectsInRange(final ChunkPos chunkPos) {
+        return this.areaMap.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkPos));
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getObjectsInRange(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        return this.areaMap.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+    }
+
+    // Long.MIN_VALUE indicates the object is not mapped
+    public final long getLastCoordinate(final E object) {
+        return this.objectToLastCoordinate.getOrDefault(object, Long.MIN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    // -1 indicates the object is not mapped
+    public final int getLastViewDistance(final E object) {
+        return this.objectToViewDistance.getOrDefault(object, -1);
+    }
+
+    // returns the total number of mapped chunks
+    public final int size() {
+        return this.areaMap.size();
+    }
+
+    public final void addOrUpdate(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int oldViewDistance = this.objectToViewDistance.put(object, viewDistance);
+        final long newPos = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        final long oldPos = this.objectToLastCoordinate.put(object, newPos);
+
+        if (oldViewDistance == -1) {
+            this.addObject(object, chunkX, chunkZ, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE, viewDistance);
+            this.addObjectCallback(object, chunkX, chunkZ, viewDistance);
+        } else {
+            this.updateObject(object, oldPos, newPos, oldViewDistance, viewDistance);
+            this.updateObjectCallback(object, oldPos, newPos, oldViewDistance, viewDistance);
+        }
+        //this.validate(object, viewDistance);
+    }
+
+    public final boolean update(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int oldViewDistance = this.objectToViewDistance.replace(object, viewDistance);
+        if (oldViewDistance == -1) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            final long newPos = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+            final long oldPos = this.objectToLastCoordinate.put(object, newPos);
+            this.updateObject(object, oldPos, newPos, oldViewDistance, viewDistance);
+            this.updateObjectCallback(object, oldPos, newPos, oldViewDistance, viewDistance);
+        }
+        //this.validate(object, viewDistance);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // called after the distance map updates
+    protected void updateObjectCallback(final E Object, final long oldPosition, final long newPosition, final int oldViewDistance, final int newViewDistance) {
+        if (newPosition != oldPosition && this.changeSourceCallback != null) {
+            this.changeSourceCallback.accept(Object, oldPosition, newPosition);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final boolean add(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int oldViewDistance = this.objectToViewDistance.putIfAbsent(object, viewDistance);
+        if (oldViewDistance != -1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final long newPos = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        this.objectToLastCoordinate.put(object, newPos);
+        this.addObject(object, chunkX, chunkZ, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE, viewDistance);
+        this.addObjectCallback(object, chunkX, chunkZ, viewDistance);
+
+        //this.validate(object, viewDistance);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // called after the distance map updates
+    protected void addObjectCallback(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {}
+
+    public final boolean remove(final E object) {
+        final long position = this.objectToLastCoordinate.removeLong(object);
+        final int viewDistance = this.objectToViewDistance.removeInt(object);
+
+        if (viewDistance == -1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final int currentX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(position);
+        final int currentZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(position);
+
+        this.removeObject(object, currentX, currentZ, currentX, currentZ, viewDistance);
+        this.removeObjectCallback(object, currentX, currentZ, viewDistance);
+        //this.validate(object, -1);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // called after the distance map updates
+    protected void removeObjectCallback(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {}
+
+    protected abstract PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getEmptySetFor(final E object);
+
+    // expensive op, only for debug
+    protected void validate(final E object, final int viewDistance) {
+        int entiesGot = 0;
+        int expectedEntries = (2 * viewDistance + 1);
+        expectedEntries *= expectedEntries;
+        if (viewDistance < 0) {
+            expectedEntries = 0;
+        }
+
+        final long currPosition = this.objectToLastCoordinate.getLong(object);
+
+        final int centerX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(currPosition);
+        final int centerZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(currPosition);
+
+        for (Iterator<Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap.Entry<PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>>> iterator = this.areaMap.long2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator();
+             iterator.hasNext();) {
+
+            final Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap.Entry<PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> entry = iterator.next();
+            final long key = entry.getLongKey();
+            final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> map = entry.getValue();
+
+            if (map.referenceCount == 0) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid map");
+            }
+
+            if (map.contains(object)) {
+                ++entiesGot;
+
+                final int chunkX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(key);
+                final int chunkZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(key);
+
+                final int dist = Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(chunkX - centerX), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(chunkZ - centerZ));
+
+                if (dist > viewDistance) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Expected view distance " + viewDistance + ", got " + dist);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (entiesGot != expectedEntries) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Expected " + expectedEntries + ", got " + entiesGot);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addObjectTo(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int currChunkX,
+                             final int currChunkZ, final int prevChunkX, final int prevChunkZ) {
+        final long key = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+        PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> empty = this.getEmptySetFor(object);
+        PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current = this.areaMap.putIfAbsent(key, empty);
+
+        if (current != null) {
+            PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> next = this.pooledHashSets.findMapWith(current, object);
+            if (next == current) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Expected different map: got " + next.toString());
+            }
+            this.areaMap.put(key, next);
+
+            current = next;
+            // fall through to callback
+        } else {
+            current = empty;
+        }
+
+        if (this.addCallback != null) {
+            try {
+                this.addCallback.accept(object, chunkX, chunkZ, currChunkX, currChunkZ, prevChunkX, prevChunkZ, current);
+            } catch (final Throwable ex) {
+                if (ex instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)ex;
+                }
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error("Add callback for map threw exception ", ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeObjectFrom(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int currChunkX,
+                                  final int currChunkZ, final int prevChunkX, final int prevChunkZ) {
+        final long key = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+        PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current = this.areaMap.get(key);
+
+        if (current == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Current map may not be null for " + object + ", (" + chunkX + "," + chunkZ + ")");
+        }
+
+        PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> next = this.pooledHashSets.findMapWithout(current, object);
+
+        if (next == current) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Current map [" + next.toString() + "] should have contained " + object + ", (" + chunkX + "," + chunkZ + ")");
+        }
+
+        if (next != null) {
+            this.areaMap.put(key, next);
+        } else {
+            this.areaMap.remove(key);
+        }
+
+        if (this.removeCallback != null) {
+            try {
+                this.removeCallback.accept(object, chunkX, chunkZ, currChunkX, currChunkZ, prevChunkX, prevChunkZ, next);
+            } catch (final Throwable ex) {
+                if (ex instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)ex;
+                }
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error("Remove callback for map threw exception ", ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addObject(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int prevChunkX, final int prevChunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + viewDistance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + viewDistance;
+        final int minX = chunkX - viewDistance;
+        final int minZ = chunkZ - viewDistance;
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                this.addObjectTo(object, x, z, chunkX, chunkZ, prevChunkX, prevChunkZ);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeObject(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int currentChunkX, final int currentChunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + viewDistance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + viewDistance;
+        final int minX = chunkX - viewDistance;
+        final int minZ = chunkZ - viewDistance;
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                this.removeObjectFrom(object, x, z, currentChunkX, currentChunkZ, chunkX, chunkZ);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* math sign function except 0 returns 1 */
+    protected static int sign(int val) {
+        return 1 | (val >> (Integer.SIZE - 1));
+    }
+
+    private void updateObject(final E object, final long oldPosition, final long newPosition, final int oldViewDistance, final int newViewDistance) {
+        final int toX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(newPosition);
+        final int toZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(newPosition);
+        final int fromX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(oldPosition);
+        final int fromZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(oldPosition);
+
+        final int dx = toX - fromX;
+        final int dz = toZ - fromZ;
+
+        final int totalX = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromX - toX);
+        final int totalZ = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromZ - toZ);
+
+        if (Math.max(totalX, totalZ) > (2 * Math.max(newViewDistance, oldViewDistance))) {
+            // teleported?
+            this.removeObject(object, fromX, fromZ, fromX, fromZ, oldViewDistance);
+            this.addObject(object, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ, newViewDistance);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (oldViewDistance != newViewDistance) {
+            // remove loop
+
+            final int oldMinX = fromX - oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMinZ = fromZ - oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMaxX = fromX + oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMaxZ = fromZ + oldViewDistance;
+            for (int currX = oldMinX; currX <= oldMaxX; ++currX) {
+                for (int currZ = oldMinZ; currZ <= oldMaxZ; ++currZ) {
+
+                    // only remove if we're outside the new view distance...
+                    if (Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currX - toX), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currZ - toZ)) > newViewDistance) {
+                        this.removeObjectFrom(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // add loop
+
+            final int newMinX = toX - newViewDistance;
+            final int newMinZ = toZ - newViewDistance;
+            final int newMaxX = toX + newViewDistance;
+            final int newMaxZ = toZ + newViewDistance;
+            for (int currX = newMinX; currX <= newMaxX; ++currX) {
+                for (int currZ = newMinZ; currZ <= newMaxZ; ++currZ) {
+
+                    // only add if we're outside the old view distance...
+                    if (Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currX - fromX), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currZ - fromZ)) > oldViewDistance) {
+                        this.addObjectTo(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // x axis is width
+        // z axis is height
+        // right refers to the x axis of where we moved
+        // top refers to the z axis of where we moved
+
+        // same view distance
+
+        // used for relative positioning
+        final int up = sign(dz); // 1 if dz >= 0, -1 otherwise
+        final int right = sign(dx); // 1 if dx >= 0, -1 otherwise
+
+        // The area excluded by overlapping the two view distance squares creates four rectangles:
+        // Two on the left, and two on the right. The ones on the left we consider the "removed" section
+        // and on the right the "added" section.
+        // https://i.imgur.com/MrnOBgI.png is a reference image. Note that the outside border is not actually
+        // exclusive to the regions they surround.
+
+        // 4 points of the rectangle
+        int maxX; // exclusive
+        int minX; // inclusive
+        int maxZ; // exclusive
+        int minZ; // inclusive
+
+        if (dx != 0) {
+            // handle right addition
+
+            maxX = toX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = fromX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // inclusive
+            maxZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.addObjectTo(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dz != 0) {
+            // handle up addition
+
+            maxX = toX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = toX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = toZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.addObjectTo(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dx != 0) {
+            // handle left removal
+
+            maxX = toX - (oldViewDistance * right); // exclusive
+            minX = fromX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.removeObjectFrom(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dz != 0) {
+            // handle down removal
+
+            maxX = fromX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = fromX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // exclusive
+            minZ = fromZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.removeObjectFrom(object, currX, currZ, toX, toZ, fromX, fromZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface ChangeCallback<E> {
+
+        // if there is no previous position, then prevPos = Integer.MIN_VALUE
+        void accept(final E object, final int rangeX, final int rangeZ, final int currPosX, final int currPosZ, final int prevPosX, final int prevPosZ,
+                    final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> newState);
+
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface ChangeSourceCallback<E> {
+        void accept(final E object, final long prevPos, final long newPos);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/DistanceTrackingAreaMap.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/DistanceTrackingAreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..896c3ff7ddb07f1f6f05f90e1e3fe7fb615071d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/DistanceTrackingAreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.IntegerUtil;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2IntOpenHashMap;
+import io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+
+/** @author Spottedleaf */
+public abstract class DistanceTrackingAreaMap<E> extends AreaMap<E> {
+
+    // use this map only if you need distance tracking, the tracking here is obviously going to hit harder.
+
+    protected final Long2IntOpenHashMap chunkToNearestDistance = new Long2IntOpenHashMap(1024, 0.7f);
+    {
+        this.chunkToNearestDistance.defaultReturnValue(-1);
+    }
+
+    protected final DistanceChangeCallback<E> distanceChangeCallback;
+
+    public DistanceTrackingAreaMap() {
+        this(new PooledLinkedHashSets<>());
+    }
+
+    // let users define a "global" or "shared" pooled sets if they wish
+    public DistanceTrackingAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets) {
+        this(pooledHashSets, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public DistanceTrackingAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<E> addCallback, final ChangeCallback<E> removeCallback,
+                                   final DistanceChangeCallback<E> distanceChangeCallback) {
+        super(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback);
+        this.distanceChangeCallback = distanceChangeCallback;
+    }
+
+    // ret -1 if there is nothing mapped
+    public final int getNearestObjectDistance(final long key) {
+        return this.chunkToNearestDistance.get(key);
+    }
+
+    // ret -1 if there is nothing mapped
+    public final int getNearestObjectDistance(final ChunkPos chunkPos) {
+        return this.chunkToNearestDistance.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkPos));
+    }
+
+    // ret -1 if there is nothing mapped
+    public final int getNearestObjectDistance(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        return this.chunkToNearestDistance.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+    }
+
+    protected final void recalculateDistance(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        final long key = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> state = this.areaMap.get(key);
+        if (state == null) {
+            final int oldDistance = this.chunkToNearestDistance.remove(key);
+            // nothing here.
+            if (oldDistance == -1) {
+                // nothing was here previously
+                return;
+            }
+            if (this.distanceChangeCallback != null) {
+                this.distanceChangeCallback.accept(chunkX, chunkZ, oldDistance, -1, null);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        int newDistance = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+        final Object[] rawData = state.getBackingSet();
+        for (int i = 0, len = rawData.length; i < len; ++i) {
+            final Object raw = rawData[i];
+
+            if (raw == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final E object = (E)raw;
+            final long location = this.objectToLastCoordinate.getLong(object);
+
+            final int distance = Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(chunkX - MCUtil.getCoordinateX(location)), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(chunkZ - MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(location)));
+
+            if (distance < newDistance) {
+                newDistance = distance;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final int oldDistance = this.chunkToNearestDistance.put(key, newDistance);
+
+        if (oldDistance != newDistance) {
+            if (this.distanceChangeCallback != null) {
+                this.distanceChangeCallback.accept(chunkX, chunkZ, oldDistance, newDistance, state);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void addObjectCallback(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + viewDistance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + viewDistance;
+        final int minX = chunkX - viewDistance;
+        final int minZ = chunkZ - viewDistance;
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                this.recalculateDistance(x, z);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void removeObjectCallback(final E object, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int viewDistance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + viewDistance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + viewDistance;
+        final int minX = chunkX - viewDistance;
+        final int minZ = chunkZ - viewDistance;
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                this.recalculateDistance(x, z);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void updateObjectCallback(final E object, final long oldPosition, final long newPosition, final int oldViewDistance, final int newViewDistance) {
+        if (oldPosition == newPosition && newViewDistance == oldViewDistance) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int toX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(newPosition);
+        final int toZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(newPosition);
+        final int fromX = MCUtil.getCoordinateX(oldPosition);
+        final int fromZ = MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(oldPosition);
+
+        final int totalX = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromX - toX);
+        final int totalZ = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromZ - toZ);
+
+        if (Math.max(totalX, totalZ) > (2 * Math.max(newViewDistance, oldViewDistance))) {
+            // teleported?
+            this.removeObjectCallback(object, fromX, fromZ, oldViewDistance);
+            this.addObjectCallback(object, toX, toZ, newViewDistance);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int minX = Math.min(fromX - oldViewDistance, toX - newViewDistance);
+        final int maxX = Math.max(fromX + oldViewDistance, toX + newViewDistance);
+        final int minZ = Math.min(fromZ - oldViewDistance, toZ - newViewDistance);
+        final int maxZ = Math.max(fromZ + oldViewDistance, toZ + newViewDistance);
+
+        for (int x = minX; x <= maxX; ++x) {
+            for (int z = minZ; z <= maxZ; ++z) {
+                final int distXOld = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(x - fromX);
+                final int distZOld = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(z - fromZ);
+
+                if (Math.max(distXOld, distZOld) <= oldViewDistance) {
+                    this.recalculateDistance(x, z);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                final int distXNew = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(x - toX);
+                final int distZNew = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(z - toZ);
+
+                if (Math.max(distXNew, distZNew) <= newViewDistance) {
+                    this.recalculateDistance(x, z);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface DistanceChangeCallback<E> {
+
+        void accept(final int posX, final int posZ, final int oldNearestDistance, final int newNearestDistance,
+                    final PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> state);
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerAreaMap.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerAreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46954db7ecd35ac4018fdf476df7c8020d7ce6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerAreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf
+ */
+public final class PlayerAreaMap extends AreaMap<ServerPlayer> {
+
+    public PlayerAreaMap() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public PlayerAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets) {
+        super(pooledHashSets);
+    }
+
+    public PlayerAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> addCallback,
+                         final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> removeCallback) {
+        this(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback, null);
+    }
+
+    public PlayerAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> addCallback,
+                         final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> removeCallback, final ChangeSourceCallback<ServerPlayer> changeSourceCallback) {
+        super(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback, changeSourceCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<ServerPlayer> getEmptySetFor(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        return player.cachedSingleHashSet;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d05dcea15f7047b58736c7c0e07920a04d6c5abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
+
+public class PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap extends DistanceTrackingAreaMap<ServerPlayer> {
+
+    public PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets) {
+        super(pooledHashSets);
+    }
+
+    public PlayerDistanceTrackingAreaMap(final PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledHashSets, final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> addCallback,
+                                         final ChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> removeCallback, final DistanceChangeCallback<ServerPlayer> distanceChangeCallback) {
+        super(pooledHashSets, addCallback, removeCallback, distanceChangeCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<ServerPlayer> getEmptySetFor(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        return player.cachedSingleHashSet;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PooledLinkedHashSets.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PooledLinkedHashSets.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e51104e65a07b6ea7bbbcbb6afb066ef6401cc5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/misc/PooledLinkedHashSets.java
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Object2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectOpenHashSet;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+
+/** @author Spottedleaf */
+public class PooledLinkedHashSets<E> {
+
+    /* Tested via https://gist.github.com/Spottedleaf/a93bb7a8993d6ce142d3efc5932bf573 */
+
+    // we really want to avoid that equals() check as much as possible...
+    protected final Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>, PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> mapPool = new Object2ObjectOpenHashMap<>(128, 0.25f);
+
+    protected void decrementReferenceCount(final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current) {
+        if (current.referenceCount == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot decrement reference count for " + current);
+        }
+        if (current.referenceCount == -1 || --current.referenceCount > 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.mapPool.remove(current);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> findMapWith(final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current, final E object) {
+        final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> cached = current.getAddCache(object);
+
+        if (cached != null) {
+            decrementReferenceCount(current);
+
+            if (cached.referenceCount == 0) {
+                // bring the map back from the dead
+                PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> contending = this.mapPool.putIfAbsent(cached, cached);
+                if (contending != null) {
+                    // a map already exists with the elements we want
+                    if (contending.referenceCount != -1) {
+                        ++contending.referenceCount;
+                    }
+                    current.updateAddCache(object, contending);
+                    return contending;
+                }
+
+                cached.referenceCount = 1;
+            } else if (cached.referenceCount != -1) {
+                ++cached.referenceCount;
+            }
+
+            return cached;
+        }
+
+        if (!current.add(object)) {
+            return current;
+        }
+
+        // we use get/put since we use a different key on put
+        PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> ret = this.mapPool.get(current);
+
+        if (ret == null) {
+            ret = new PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(current);
+            current.remove(object);
+            this.mapPool.put(ret, ret);
+            ret.referenceCount = 1;
+        } else {
+            if (ret.referenceCount != -1) {
+                ++ret.referenceCount;
+            }
+            current.remove(object);
+        }
+
+        current.updateAddCache(object, ret);
+
+        decrementReferenceCount(current);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // rets null if current.size() == 1
+    public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> findMapWithout(final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> current, final E object) {
+        if (current.set.size() == 1) {
+            decrementReferenceCount(current);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> cached = current.getRemoveCache(object);
+
+        if (cached != null) {
+            decrementReferenceCount(current);
+
+            if (cached.referenceCount == 0) {
+                // bring the map back from the dead
+                PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> contending = this.mapPool.putIfAbsent(cached, cached);
+                if (contending != null) {
+                    // a map already exists with the elements we want
+                    if (contending.referenceCount != -1) {
+                        ++contending.referenceCount;
+                    }
+                    current.updateRemoveCache(object, contending);
+                    return contending;
+                }
+
+                cached.referenceCount = 1;
+            } else if (cached.referenceCount != -1) {
+                ++cached.referenceCount;
+            }
+
+            return cached;
+        }
+
+        if (!current.remove(object)) {
+            return current;
+        }
+
+        // we use get/put since we use a different key on put
+        PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> ret = this.mapPool.get(current);
+
+        if (ret == null) {
+            ret = new PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(current);
+            current.add(object);
+            this.mapPool.put(ret, ret);
+            ret.referenceCount = 1;
+        } else {
+            if (ret.referenceCount != -1) {
+                ++ret.referenceCount;
+            }
+            current.add(object);
+        }
+
+        current.updateRemoveCache(object, ret);
+
+        decrementReferenceCount(current);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    static final class RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> extends ObjectOpenHashSet<E> {
+
+        public RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        public RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final int capacity) {
+            super(capacity);
+        }
+
+        public RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final int capacity, final float loadFactor) {
+            super(capacity, loadFactor);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> clone() {
+            return (RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>)super.clone();
+        }
+
+        public E[] getRawSet() {
+            return this.key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> {
+
+        private static final WeakReference NULL_REFERENCE = new WeakReference<>(null);
+
+        final RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> set;
+        int referenceCount; // -1 if special
+        int hash; // optimize hashcode
+
+        // add cache
+        WeakReference<E> lastAddObject = NULL_REFERENCE;
+        WeakReference<PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> lastAddMap = NULL_REFERENCE;
+
+        // remove cache
+        WeakReference<E> lastRemoveObject = NULL_REFERENCE;
+        WeakReference<PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E>> lastRemoveMap = NULL_REFERENCE;
+
+        public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final PooledLinkedHashSets<E> pooledSets) {
+            this.set = new RawSetObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(2, 0.8f);
+        }
+
+        public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final E single) {
+            this((PooledLinkedHashSets<E>)null);
+            this.referenceCount = -1;
+            this.add(single);
+        }
+
+        public PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet(final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> other) {
+            this.set = other.set.clone();
+            this.hash = other.hash;
+        }
+
+        // from https://github.com/Spottedleaf/ConcurrentUtil/blob/master/src/main/java/ca/spottedleaf/concurrentutil/util/IntegerUtil.java
+        // generated by https://github.com/skeeto/hash-prospector
+        private static int hash0(int x) {
+            x *= 0x36935555;
+            x ^= x >>> 16;
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getAddCache(final E element) {
+            final E currentAdd = this.lastAddObject.get();
+
+            if (currentAdd == null || !(currentAdd == element || currentAdd.equals(element))) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return this.lastAddMap.get();
+        }
+
+        PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> getRemoveCache(final E element) {
+            final E currentRemove = this.lastRemoveObject.get();
+
+            if (currentRemove == null || !(currentRemove == element || currentRemove.equals(element))) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return this.lastRemoveMap.get();
+        }
+
+        void updateAddCache(final E element, final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> map) {
+            this.lastAddObject = new WeakReference<>(element);
+            this.lastAddMap = new WeakReference<>(map);
+        }
+
+        void updateRemoveCache(final E element, final PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<E> map) {
+            this.lastRemoveObject = new WeakReference<>(element);
+            this.lastRemoveMap = new WeakReference<>(map);
+        }
+
+        boolean add(final E element) {
+            boolean added =  this.set.add(element);
+
+            if (added) {
+                this.hash += hash0(element.hashCode());
+            }
+
+            return added;
+        }
+
+        boolean remove(Object element) {
+            boolean removed = this.set.remove(element);
+
+            if (removed) {
+                this.hash -= hash0(element.hashCode());
+            }
+
+            return removed;
+        }
+
+        public boolean contains(final Object element) {
+            return this.set.contains(element);
+        }
+
+        public E[] getBackingSet() {
+            return this.set.getRawSet();
+        }
+
+        public int size() {
+            return this.set.size();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return this.hash;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(final Object other) {
+            if (!(other instanceof PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (this.referenceCount == 0) {
+                return other == this;
+            } else {
+                if (other == this) {
+                    // Unfortunately we are never equal to our own instance while in use!
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return this.hash == ((PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet)other).hash && this.set.equals(((PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet)other).set);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "PooledHashSet: size: " + this.set.size() + ", reference count: " + this.referenceCount + ", hash: " +
+                this.hashCode() + ", identity: " + System.identityHashCode(this) + " map: " + this.set.toString();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/pooled/PooledObjects.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/pooled/PooledObjects.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a743703502cea333bd4231b6557de50e8eaf81eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/pooled/PooledObjects.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.pooled;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public final class PooledObjects<E> {
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for an object that will be have a cleaner registered for it, and may be automatically returned to pool.
+     */
+    public class AutoReleased {
+        private final E object;
+        private final Runnable cleaner;
+
+        public AutoReleased(E object, Runnable cleaner) {
+            this.object = object;
+            this.cleaner = cleaner;
+        }
+
+        public final E getObject() {
+            return object;
+        }
+
+        public final Runnable getCleaner() {
+            return cleaner;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final PooledObjects<MutableInt> POOLED_MUTABLE_INTEGERS = new PooledObjects<>(MutableInt::new, 1024);
+
+    private final Supplier<E> creator;
+    private final Consumer<E> releaser;
+    private final int maxPoolSize;
+    private final ArrayDeque<E> queue;
+
+    public PooledObjects(final Supplier<E> creator, int maxPoolSize) {
+        this(creator, maxPoolSize, null);
+    }
+    public PooledObjects(final Supplier<E> creator, int maxPoolSize, Consumer<E> releaser) {
+        if (creator == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Creator must not be null");
+        }
+        if (maxPoolSize <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Max pool size must be greater-than 0");
+        }
+
+        this.queue = new ArrayDeque<>(maxPoolSize);
+        this.maxPoolSize = maxPoolSize;
+        this.creator = creator;
+        this.releaser = releaser;
+    }
+
+    public AutoReleased acquireCleaner(Object holder) {
+        return acquireCleaner(holder, this::release);
+    }
+
+    public AutoReleased acquireCleaner(Object holder, Consumer<E> releaser) {
+        E resource = acquire();
+        Runnable cleaner = MCUtil.registerCleaner(holder, resource, releaser);
+        return new AutoReleased(resource, cleaner);
+    }
+
+    public final E acquire() {
+        E value;
+        synchronized (queue) {
+            value = this.queue.pollLast();
+        }
+        return value != null ? value : this.creator.get();
+    }
+
+    public final void release(final E value) {
+        if (this.releaser != null) {
+            this.releaser.accept(value);
+        }
+        synchronized (this.queue) {
+            if (queue.size() < this.maxPoolSize) {
+                this.queue.addLast(value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/set/OptimizedSmallEnumSet.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/set/OptimizedSmallEnumSet.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8066e27ff88454cb4bc8075d936e58a067dbe9b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/util/set/OptimizedSmallEnumSet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package com.destroystokyo.paper.util.set;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+/**
+ * @author Spottedleaf &lt;Spottedleaf@users.noreply.github.com>
+ */
+public final class OptimizedSmallEnumSet<E extends Enum<E>> {
+
+    private final Class<E> enumClass;
+    private long backingSet;
+
+    public OptimizedSmallEnumSet(final Class<E> clazz) {
+        if (clazz == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null class");
+        }
+        if (!clazz.isEnum()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class must be enum, not " + clazz.getCanonicalName());
+        }
+        this.enumClass = clazz;
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final E element) {
+        final int ordinal = element.ordinal();
+        final long key = 1L << ordinal;
+
+        final long prev = this.backingSet;
+        this.backingSet = prev | key;
+
+        return (prev & key) == 0;
+    }
+
+    public boolean remove(final E element) {
+        final int ordinal = element.ordinal();
+        final long key = 1L << ordinal;
+
+        final long prev = this.backingSet;
+        this.backingSet = prev & ~key;
+
+        return (prev & key) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        this.backingSet = 0L;
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        return Long.bitCount(this.backingSet);
+    }
+
+    public void addAll(final Collection<E> enums) {
+        for (final E element : enums) {
+            if (element == null) {
+                throw new NullPointerException("Null element");
+            }
+            this.backingSet |= (1L << element.ordinal());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public long getBackingSet() {
+        return this.backingSet;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasCommonElements(final OptimizedSmallEnumSet<E> other) {
+        return (other.backingSet & this.backingSet) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final E element) {
+        return (this.backingSet & (1L << element.ordinal())) != 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/mojang/logging/LogUtils.java b/src/main/java/com/mojang/logging/LogUtils.java
index 46cab7a8c7b87ab01b26074b04f5a02b3907cfc4..49019b4a9bc4e634d54a9b0acaf9229a5c896f85 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/mojang/logging/LogUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/mojang/logging/LogUtils.java
@@ -61,4 +61,9 @@ public class LogUtils {
     public static Logger getLogger() {
         return LoggerFactory.getLogger(STACK_WALKER.getCallerClass());
     }
+    // Paper start
+    public static Logger getClassLogger() {
+        return LoggerFactory.getLogger(STACK_WALKER.getCallerClass().getSimpleName());
+    }
+    // Paper end
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a5f706d6f716b2a463ae58adcde69d9e665c7733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.chunk;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ReferenceLinkedOpenHashSet;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ReferenceOpenHashSet;
+import io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public final class SingleThreadChunkRegionManager {
+
+    protected final int regionSectionMergeRadius;
+    protected final int regionSectionChunkSize;
+    public final int regionChunkShift; // log2(REGION_CHUNK_SIZE)
+
+    public final ServerLevel world;
+    public final String name;
+
+    protected final Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<RegionSection> regionsBySection = new Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>();
+    protected final ReferenceLinkedOpenHashSet<Region> needsRecalculation = new ReferenceLinkedOpenHashSet<>();
+    protected final int minSectionRecalcCount;
+    protected final double maxDeadRegionPercent;
+    protected final Supplier<RegionData> regionDataSupplier;
+    protected final Supplier<RegionSectionData> regionSectionDataSupplier;
+
+    public SingleThreadChunkRegionManager(final ServerLevel world, final int minSectionRecalcCount,
+                                          final double maxDeadRegionPercent, final int sectionMergeRadius,
+                                          final int regionSectionChunkShift,
+                                          final String name, final Supplier<RegionData> regionDataSupplier,
+                                          final Supplier<RegionSectionData> regionSectionDataSupplier) {
+        this.regionSectionMergeRadius = sectionMergeRadius;
+        this.regionSectionChunkSize = 1 << regionSectionChunkShift;
+        this.regionChunkShift = regionSectionChunkShift;
+        this.world = world;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.minSectionRecalcCount = Math.max(2, minSectionRecalcCount);
+        this.maxDeadRegionPercent = maxDeadRegionPercent;
+        this.regionDataSupplier = regionDataSupplier;
+        this.regionSectionDataSupplier = regionSectionDataSupplier;
+    }
+
+    // tested via https://gist.github.com/Spottedleaf/aa7ade3451c37b4cac061fc77074db2f
+
+    /*
+    protected void check() {
+        ReferenceOpenHashSet<Region<T>> checked = new ReferenceOpenHashSet<>();
+
+        for (RegionSection<T> section : this.regionsBySection.values()) {
+            if (!checked.add(section.region)) {
+                section.region.check();
+            }
+        }
+        for (Region<T> region : this.needsRecalculation) {
+            region.check();
+        }
+    }
+    */
+
+    protected void addToRecalcQueue(final Region region) {
+        this.needsRecalculation.add(region);
+    }
+
+    protected void removeFromRecalcQueue(final Region region) {
+        this.needsRecalculation.remove(region);
+    }
+
+    public RegionSection getRegionSection(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        return this.regionsBySection.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX >> this.regionChunkShift, chunkZ >> this.regionChunkShift));
+    }
+
+    public Region getRegion(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        final RegionSection section = this.regionsBySection.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX >> regionChunkShift, chunkZ >> regionChunkShift));
+        return section != null ? section.region : null;
+    }
+
+    private final List<Region> toMerge = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    protected RegionSection getOrCreateAndMergeSection(final int sectionX, final int sectionZ, final RegionSection force) {
+        final long sectionKey = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(sectionX, sectionZ);
+
+        if (force == null) {
+            RegionSection region = this.regionsBySection.get(sectionKey);
+            if (region != null) {
+                return region;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int mergeCandidateSectionSize = -1;
+        Region mergeIntoCandidate = null;
+
+        // find optimal candidate to merge into
+
+        final int minX = sectionX - this.regionSectionMergeRadius;
+        final int maxX = sectionX + this.regionSectionMergeRadius;
+        final int minZ = sectionZ - this.regionSectionMergeRadius;
+        final int maxZ = sectionZ + this.regionSectionMergeRadius;
+        for (int currX = minX; currX <= maxX; ++currX) {
+            for (int currZ = minZ; currZ <= maxZ; ++currZ) {
+                final RegionSection section = this.regionsBySection.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(currX, currZ));
+                if (section == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final Region region = section.region;
+                if (region.dead) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Dead region should not be in live region manager state: " + region);
+                }
+                final int sections = region.sections.size();
+
+                if (sections > mergeCandidateSectionSize) {
+                    mergeCandidateSectionSize = sections;
+                    mergeIntoCandidate = region;
+                }
+                this.toMerge.add(region);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // merge
+        if (mergeIntoCandidate != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < this.toMerge.size(); ++i) {
+                final Region region = this.toMerge.get(i);
+                if (region.dead || mergeIntoCandidate == region) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                region.mergeInto(mergeIntoCandidate);
+            }
+            this.toMerge.clear();
+        } else {
+            mergeIntoCandidate = new Region(this);
+        }
+
+        final RegionSection section;
+        if (force == null) {
+            this.regionsBySection.put(sectionKey, section = new RegionSection(sectionKey, this));
+        } else {
+            final RegionSection existing = this.regionsBySection.putIfAbsent(sectionKey, force);
+            if (existing != null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Attempting to override section '" + existing.toStringWithRegion() +
+                        ", with " + force.toStringWithRegion());
+            }
+
+            section = force;
+        }
+
+        mergeIntoCandidate.addRegionSection(section);
+        //mergeIntoCandidate.check();
+        //this.check();
+
+        return section;
+    }
+
+    public void addChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        this.getOrCreateAndMergeSection(chunkX >> this.regionChunkShift, chunkZ >> this.regionChunkShift, null).addChunk(chunkX, chunkZ);
+    }
+
+    public void removeChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        final RegionSection section = this.regionsBySection.get(
+                MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(chunkX >> this.regionChunkShift, chunkZ >> this.regionChunkShift)
+        );
+        if (section != null) {
+            section.removeChunk(chunkX, chunkZ);
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot remove chunk at (" + chunkX + "," + chunkZ + ") from region state, section does not exist");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void recalculateRegions() {
+        for (int i = 0, len = this.needsRecalculation.size(); i < len; ++i) {
+            final Region region = this.needsRecalculation.removeFirst();
+
+            this.recalculateRegion(region);
+            //this.check();
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void recalculateRegion(final Region region) {
+        region.markedForRecalc = false;
+        //region.check();
+        // clear unused regions
+        for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = region.deadSections.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final RegionSection deadSection = iterator.next();
+
+            if (deadSection.hasChunks()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Dead section '" + deadSection.toStringWithRegion() + "' is marked dead but has chunks!");
+            }
+            if (!region.removeRegionSection(deadSection)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Region " + region + " has inconsistent state, it should contain section " + deadSection);
+            }
+            if (!this.regionsBySection.remove(deadSection.regionCoordinate, deadSection)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot remove dead section '" +
+                        deadSection.toStringWithRegion() + "' from section state! State at section coordinate: " +
+                        this.regionsBySection.get(deadSection.regionCoordinate));
+            }
+        }
+        region.deadSections.clear();
+
+        // implicitly cover cases where size == 0
+        if (region.sections.size() < this.minSectionRecalcCount) {
+            //region.check();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // run a test to see if we actually need to recalculate
+        // TODO
+
+        // destroy and rebuild the region
+        region.dead = true;
+
+        // destroy region state
+        for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = region.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final RegionSection aliveSection = iterator.next();
+            if (!aliveSection.hasChunks()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Alive section '" + aliveSection.toStringWithRegion() + "' has no chunks!");
+            }
+            if (!this.regionsBySection.remove(aliveSection.regionCoordinate, aliveSection)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot remove alive section '" +
+                        aliveSection.toStringWithRegion() + "' from section state! State at section coordinate: " +
+                        this.regionsBySection.get(aliveSection.regionCoordinate));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // rebuild regions
+        for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = region.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final RegionSection aliveSection = iterator.next();
+            this.getOrCreateAndMergeSection(aliveSection.getSectionX(), aliveSection.getSectionZ(), aliveSection);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class Region {
+        protected final IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<RegionSection> sections = new IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<>();
+        protected final ReferenceOpenHashSet<RegionSection> deadSections = new ReferenceOpenHashSet<>(16, 0.7f);
+        protected boolean dead;
+        protected boolean markedForRecalc;
+
+        public final SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager;
+        public final RegionData regionData;
+
+        protected Region(final SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager) {
+            this.regionManager = regionManager;
+            this.regionData = regionManager.regionDataSupplier.get();
+        }
+
+        public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.Iterator<RegionSection> getSections() {
+            return this.sections.iterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS);
+        }
+
+        protected final double getDeadSectionPercent() {
+            return (double)this.deadSections.size() / (double)this.sections.size();
+        }
+
+        /*
+        protected void check() {
+            if (this.dead) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Dead region!");
+            }
+            for (final Iterator<RegionSection<T>> iterator = this.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+                final RegionSection<T> section = iterator.next();
+                if (section.region != this) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Region section must point to us!");
+                }
+                if (this.regionManager.regionsBySection.get(section.regionCoordinate) != section) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Region section must match the regionmanager state!");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        */
+
+        // note: it is not true that the region at this point is not in any region. use the region field on the section
+        // to see if it is currently in another region.
+        protected final boolean addRegionSection(final RegionSection section) {
+            if (!this.sections.add(section)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            section.sectionData.addToRegion(section, section.region, this);
+
+            section.region = this;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected final boolean removeRegionSection(final RegionSection section) {
+            if (!this.sections.remove(section)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            section.sectionData.removeFromRegion(section, this);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected void mergeInto(final Region mergeTarget) {
+            if (this == mergeTarget) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot merge a region onto itself");
+            }
+            if (this.dead) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Source region is dead! Source " + this + ", target " + mergeTarget);
+            } else if (mergeTarget.dead) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Target region is dead! Source " + this + ", target " + mergeTarget);
+            }
+            this.dead = true;
+            if (this.markedForRecalc) {
+                this.regionManager.removeFromRecalcQueue(this);
+            }
+
+            for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = this.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+                final RegionSection section = iterator.next();
+
+                if (!mergeTarget.addRegionSection(section)) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Target cannot contain source's sections! Source " + this + ", target " + mergeTarget);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (final RegionSection deadSection : this.deadSections) {
+                if (!this.sections.contains(deadSection)) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Source region does not even contain its own dead sections! Missing " + deadSection + " from region " + this);
+                }
+                mergeTarget.deadSections.add(deadSection);
+            }
+            //mergeTarget.check();
+        }
+
+        protected void markSectionAlive(final RegionSection section) {
+            this.deadSections.remove(section);
+            if (this.markedForRecalc && (this.sections.size() < this.regionManager.minSectionRecalcCount || this.getDeadSectionPercent() < this.regionManager.maxDeadRegionPercent)) {
+                this.regionManager.removeFromRecalcQueue(this);
+                this.markedForRecalc = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void markSectionDead(final RegionSection section) {
+            this.deadSections.add(section);
+            if (!this.markedForRecalc && (this.sections.size() >= this.regionManager.minSectionRecalcCount || this.sections.size() == this.deadSections.size()) && this.getDeadSectionPercent() >= this.regionManager.maxDeadRegionPercent) {
+                this.regionManager.addToRecalcQueue(this);
+                this.markedForRecalc = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            final StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(128);
+
+            ret.append("Region{");
+            ret.append("dead=").append(this.dead).append(',');
+            ret.append("markedForRecalc=").append(this.markedForRecalc).append(',');
+
+            ret.append("sectionCount=").append(this.sections.size()).append(',');
+            ret.append("sections=[");
+            for (final Iterator<RegionSection> iterator = this.sections.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+                final RegionSection section = iterator.next();
+                ret.append(section);
+                if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                    ret.append(',');
+                }
+            }
+            ret.append(']');
+
+            ret.append('}');
+            return ret.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class RegionSection {
+        protected final long regionCoordinate;
+        protected final long[] chunksBitset;
+        protected int chunkCount;
+        protected Region region;
+
+        public final SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager;
+        public final RegionSectionData sectionData;
+
+        protected RegionSection(final long regionCoordinate, final SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager) {
+            this.regionCoordinate = regionCoordinate;
+            this.regionManager = regionManager;
+            this.chunksBitset = new long[Math.max(1, regionManager.regionSectionChunkSize * regionManager.regionSectionChunkSize / Long.SIZE)];
+            this.sectionData = regionManager.regionSectionDataSupplier.get();
+        }
+
+        public int getSectionX() {
+            return MCUtil.getCoordinateX(this.regionCoordinate);
+        }
+
+        public int getSectionZ() {
+            return MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(this.regionCoordinate);
+        }
+
+        public Region getRegion() {
+            return this.region;
+        }
+
+        private int getChunkIndex(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+            return (chunkX & (this.regionManager.regionSectionChunkSize - 1)) | ((chunkZ & (this.regionManager.regionSectionChunkSize - 1)) << this.regionManager.regionChunkShift);
+        }
+
+        protected boolean hasChunks() {
+            return this.chunkCount != 0;
+        }
+
+        protected void addChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+            final int index = this.getChunkIndex(chunkX, chunkZ);
+            final long bitset = this.chunksBitset[index >>> 6]; // index / Long.SIZE
+            final long after = this.chunksBitset[index >>> 6] = bitset | (1L << (index & (Long.SIZE - 1)));
+            if (after == bitset) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot add a chunk to a section which already has the chunk! RegionSection: " + this + ", global chunk: " + new ChunkPos(chunkX, chunkZ).toString());
+            }
+            if (++this.chunkCount != 1) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.region.markSectionAlive(this);
+        }
+
+        protected void removeChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+            final int index = this.getChunkIndex(chunkX, chunkZ);
+            final long before = this.chunksBitset[index >>> 6]; // index / Long.SIZE
+            final long bitset = this.chunksBitset[index >>> 6] = before & ~(1L << (index & (Long.SIZE - 1)));
+            if (before == bitset) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot remove a chunk from a section which does not have that chunk! RegionSection: " + this + ", global chunk: " + new ChunkPos(chunkX, chunkZ).toString());
+            }
+            if (--this.chunkCount != 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.region.markSectionDead(this);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "RegionSection{" +
+                    "regionCoordinate=" + new ChunkPos(this.regionCoordinate).toString() + "," +
+                    "chunkCount=" + this.chunkCount + "," +
+                    "chunksBitset=" + toString(this.chunksBitset) + "," +
+                    "hash=" + this.hashCode() +
+                    "}";
+        }
+
+        public String toStringWithRegion() {
+            return "RegionSection{" +
+                    "regionCoordinate=" + new ChunkPos(this.regionCoordinate).toString() + "," +
+                    "chunkCount=" + this.chunkCount + "," +
+                    "chunksBitset=" + toString(this.chunksBitset) + "," +
+                    "hash=" + this.hashCode() + "," +
+                    "region=" + this.region +
+                    "}";
+        }
+
+        private static String toString(final long[] array) {
+            final StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
+            for (final long value : array) {
+                // zero pad the hex string
+                final char[] zeros = new char[Long.SIZE / 4];
+                Arrays.fill(zeros, '0');
+                final String string = Long.toHexString(value);
+                System.arraycopy(string.toCharArray(), 0, zeros, zeros.length - string.length(), string.length());
+
+                ret.append(zeros);
+            }
+
+            return ret.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static interface RegionData {
+
+    }
+
+    public static interface RegionSectionData {
+
+        public void removeFromRegion(final RegionSection section, final Region from);
+
+        // removal from the old region is handled via removeFromRegion
+        public void addToRegion(final RegionSection section, final Region oldRegion, final Region newRegion);
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/ChunkSystem.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/ChunkSystem.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cff2f04409fab9abca87ceec85a551e1d59f9e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/chunk/system/ChunkSystem.java
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.chunk.system;
+
+import ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.executor.standard.PrioritisedExecutor;
+import com.destroystokyo.paper.util.SneakyThrow;
+import com.mojang.datafixers.util.Either;
+import com.mojang.logging.LogUtils;
+import io.papermc.paper.util.CoordinateUtils;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ChunkHolder;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ChunkMap;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.FullChunkStatus;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.TicketType;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.status.ChunkStatus;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.LevelChunk;
+import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+public final class ChunkSystem {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogUtils.getLogger();
+
+    public static void scheduleChunkTask(final ServerLevel level, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final Runnable run) {
+        scheduleChunkTask(level, chunkX, chunkZ, run, PrioritisedExecutor.Priority.NORMAL);
+    }
+
+    public static void scheduleChunkTask(final ServerLevel level, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final Runnable run, final PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority) {
+        level.chunkSource.mainThreadProcessor.execute(run);
+    }
+
+    public static void scheduleChunkLoad(final ServerLevel level, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final boolean gen,
+                                         final ChunkStatus toStatus, final boolean addTicket, final PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority,
+                                         final Consumer<ChunkAccess> onComplete) {
+        if (gen) {
+            scheduleChunkLoad(level, chunkX, chunkZ, toStatus, addTicket, priority, onComplete);
+            return;
+        }
+        scheduleChunkLoad(level, chunkX, chunkZ, ChunkStatus.EMPTY, addTicket, priority, (final ChunkAccess chunk) -> {
+            if (chunk == null) {
+                onComplete.accept(null);
+            } else {
+                if (chunk.getStatus().isOrAfter(toStatus)) {
+                    scheduleChunkLoad(level, chunkX, chunkZ, toStatus, addTicket, priority, onComplete);
+                } else {
+                    onComplete.accept(null);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    static final TicketType<Long> CHUNK_LOAD = TicketType.create("chunk_load", Long::compareTo);
+
+    private static long chunkLoadCounter = 0L;
+    public static void scheduleChunkLoad(final ServerLevel level, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final ChunkStatus toStatus,
+                                         final boolean addTicket, final PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority, final Consumer<ChunkAccess> onComplete) {
+        if (!Bukkit.isPrimaryThread()) {
+            scheduleChunkTask(level, chunkX, chunkZ, () -> {
+                scheduleChunkLoad(level, chunkX, chunkZ, toStatus, addTicket, priority, onComplete);
+            }, priority);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int minLevel = 33 + ChunkStatus.getDistance(toStatus);
+        final Long chunkReference = addTicket ? Long.valueOf(++chunkLoadCounter) : null;
+        final ChunkPos chunkPos = new ChunkPos(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+        if (addTicket) {
+            level.chunkSource.addTicketAtLevel(CHUNK_LOAD, chunkPos, minLevel, chunkReference);
+        }
+        level.chunkSource.runDistanceManagerUpdates();
+
+        final Consumer<ChunkAccess> loadCallback = (final ChunkAccess chunk) -> {
+            try {
+                if (onComplete != null) {
+                    onComplete.accept(chunk);
+                }
+            } catch (final ThreadDeath death) {
+                throw death;
+            } catch (final Throwable thr) {
+                LOGGER.error("Exception handling chunk load callback", thr);
+                SneakyThrow.sneaky(thr);
+            } finally {
+                if (addTicket) {
+                    level.chunkSource.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.UNKNOWN, chunkPos, minLevel, chunkPos);
+                    level.chunkSource.removeTicketAtLevel(CHUNK_LOAD, chunkPos, minLevel, chunkReference);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        final ChunkHolder holder = level.chunkSource.chunkMap.updatingChunkMap.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+
+        if (holder == null || holder.getTicketLevel() > minLevel) {
+            loadCallback.accept(null);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final CompletableFuture<Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> loadFuture = holder.getOrScheduleFuture(toStatus, level.chunkSource.chunkMap);
+
+        if (loadFuture.isDone()) {
+            loadCallback.accept(loadFuture.join().left().orElse(null));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        loadFuture.whenCompleteAsync((final Either<ChunkAccess, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure> either, final Throwable thr) -> {
+            if (thr != null) {
+                loadCallback.accept(null);
+                return;
+            }
+            loadCallback.accept(either.left().orElse(null));
+        }, (final Runnable r) -> {
+            scheduleChunkTask(level, chunkX, chunkZ, r, PrioritisedExecutor.Priority.HIGHEST);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public static void scheduleTickingState(final ServerLevel level, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ,
+                                            final FullChunkStatus toStatus, final boolean addTicket,
+                                            final PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority, final Consumer<LevelChunk> onComplete) {
+        // This method goes unused until the chunk system rewrite
+        if (toStatus == FullChunkStatus.INACCESSIBLE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot wait for INACCESSIBLE status");
+        }
+
+        if (!Bukkit.isPrimaryThread()) {
+            scheduleChunkTask(level, chunkX, chunkZ, () -> {
+                scheduleTickingState(level, chunkX, chunkZ, toStatus, addTicket, priority, onComplete);
+            }, priority);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int minLevel = 33 - (toStatus.ordinal() - 1);
+        final int radius = toStatus.ordinal() - 1;
+        final Long chunkReference = addTicket ? Long.valueOf(++chunkLoadCounter) : null;
+        final ChunkPos chunkPos = new ChunkPos(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+        if (addTicket) {
+            level.chunkSource.addTicketAtLevel(CHUNK_LOAD, chunkPos, minLevel, chunkReference);
+        }
+        level.chunkSource.runDistanceManagerUpdates();
+
+        final Consumer<LevelChunk> loadCallback = (final LevelChunk chunk) -> {
+            try {
+                if (onComplete != null) {
+                    onComplete.accept(chunk);
+                }
+            } catch (final ThreadDeath death) {
+                throw death;
+            } catch (final Throwable thr) {
+                LOGGER.error("Exception handling chunk load callback", thr);
+                SneakyThrow.sneaky(thr);
+            } finally {
+                if (addTicket) {
+                    level.chunkSource.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.UNKNOWN, chunkPos, minLevel, chunkPos);
+                    level.chunkSource.removeTicketAtLevel(CHUNK_LOAD, chunkPos, minLevel, chunkReference);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        final ChunkHolder holder = level.chunkSource.chunkMap.updatingChunkMap.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+
+        if (holder == null || holder.getTicketLevel() > minLevel) {
+            loadCallback.accept(null);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final CompletableFuture<Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure>> tickingState;
+        switch (toStatus) {
+            case FULL: {
+                tickingState = holder.getFullChunkFuture();
+                break;
+            }
+            case BLOCK_TICKING: {
+                tickingState = holder.getTickingChunkFuture();
+                break;
+            }
+            case ENTITY_TICKING: {
+                tickingState = holder.getEntityTickingChunkFuture();
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot reach here");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (tickingState.isDone()) {
+            loadCallback.accept(tickingState.join().left().orElse(null));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        tickingState.whenCompleteAsync((final Either<LevelChunk, ChunkHolder.ChunkLoadingFailure> either, final Throwable thr) -> {
+            if (thr != null) {
+                loadCallback.accept(null);
+                return;
+            }
+            loadCallback.accept(either.left().orElse(null));
+        }, (final Runnable r) -> {
+            scheduleChunkTask(level, chunkX, chunkZ, r, PrioritisedExecutor.Priority.HIGHEST);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public static List<ChunkHolder> getVisibleChunkHolders(final ServerLevel level) {
+        return new ArrayList<>(level.chunkSource.chunkMap.visibleChunkMap.values());
+    }
+
+    public static List<ChunkHolder> getUpdatingChunkHolders(final ServerLevel level) {
+        return new ArrayList<>(level.chunkSource.chunkMap.updatingChunkMap.values());
+    }
+
+    public static int getVisibleChunkHolderCount(final ServerLevel level) {
+        return level.chunkSource.chunkMap.visibleChunkMap.size();
+    }
+
+    public static int getUpdatingChunkHolderCount(final ServerLevel level) {
+        return level.chunkSource.chunkMap.updatingChunkMap.size();
+    }
+
+    public static boolean hasAnyChunkHolders(final ServerLevel level) {
+        return getUpdatingChunkHolderCount(level) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public static void onEntityPreAdd(final ServerLevel level, final Entity entity) {
+
+    }
+
+    public static void onChunkHolderCreate(final ServerLevel level, final ChunkHolder holder) {
+        final ChunkMap chunkMap = level.chunkSource.chunkMap;
+        for (int index = 0, len = chunkMap.regionManagers.size(); index < len; ++index) {
+            chunkMap.regionManagers.get(index).addChunk(holder.getPos().x, holder.getPos().z);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void onChunkHolderDelete(final ServerLevel level, final ChunkHolder holder) {
+        final ChunkMap chunkMap = level.chunkSource.chunkMap;
+        for (int index = 0, len = chunkMap.regionManagers.size(); index < len; ++index) {
+            chunkMap.regionManagers.get(index).removeChunk(holder.getPos().x, holder.getPos().z);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void onChunkBorder(final LevelChunk chunk, final ChunkHolder holder) {
+        chunk.playerChunk = holder;
+    }
+
+    public static void onChunkNotBorder(final LevelChunk chunk, final ChunkHolder holder) {
+
+    }
+
+    public static void onChunkTicking(final LevelChunk chunk, final ChunkHolder holder) {
+        chunk.level.getChunkSource().tickingChunks.add(chunk);
+    }
+
+    public static void onChunkNotTicking(final LevelChunk chunk, final ChunkHolder holder) {
+        chunk.level.getChunkSource().tickingChunks.remove(chunk);
+    }
+
+    public static void onChunkEntityTicking(final LevelChunk chunk, final ChunkHolder holder) {
+        chunk.level.getChunkSource().entityTickingChunks.add(chunk);
+    }
+
+    public static void onChunkNotEntityTicking(final LevelChunk chunk, final ChunkHolder holder) {
+        chunk.level.getChunkSource().entityTickingChunks.remove(chunk);
+    }
+
+    public static ChunkHolder getUnloadingChunkHolder(final ServerLevel level, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+        return level.chunkSource.chunkMap.getUnloadingChunkHolder(chunkX, chunkZ);
+    }
+
+    public static int getSendViewDistance(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        return getLoadViewDistance(player);
+    }
+
+    public static int getLoadViewDistance(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        final ServerLevel level = player.serverLevel();
+        if (level == null) {
+            return Bukkit.getViewDistance();
+        }
+        return level.chunkSource.chunkMap.getPlayerViewDistance(player);
+    }
+
+    public static int getTickViewDistance(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        final ServerLevel level = player.serverLevel();
+        if (level == null) {
+            return Bukkit.getSimulationDistance();
+        }
+        return level.chunkSource.chunkMap.distanceManager.simulationDistance;
+    }
+
+    private ChunkSystem() {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CachedLists.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CachedLists.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be668387f65a633c6ac497fca632a4767a1bf3a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CachedLists.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+public final class CachedLists {
+
+    public static void reset() {
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CoordinateUtils.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CoordinateUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..413e4b6da027876dbbe8eb78f2568a440f431547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/CoordinateUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
+import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+
+public final class CoordinateUtils {
+
+    // dx, dz are relative to the target chunk
+    // dx, dz in [-radius, radius]
+    public static int getNeighbourMappedIndex(final int dx, final int dz, final int radius) {
+        return (dx + radius) + (2 * radius + 1)*(dz + radius);
+    }
+
+    // the chunk keys are compatible with vanilla
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return ((long)(pos.getZ() >> 4) << 32) | ((pos.getX() >> 4) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getZ()) >> 4) << 32) | ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getX()) >> 4) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final ChunkPos pos) {
+        return ((long)pos.z << 32) | (pos.x & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final SectionPos pos) {
+        return ((long)pos.getZ() << 32) | (pos.getX() & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkKey(final int x, final int z) {
+        return ((long)z << 32) | (x & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkX(final long chunkKey) {
+        return (int)chunkKey;
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkZ(final long chunkKey) {
+        return (int)(chunkKey >>> 32);
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkCoordinate(final double blockCoordinate) {
+        return Mth.floor(blockCoordinate) >> 4;
+    }
+
+    // the section keys are compatible with vanilla's
+
+    static final int SECTION_X_BITS = 22;
+    static final long SECTION_X_MASK = (1L << SECTION_X_BITS) - 1;
+    static final int SECTION_Y_BITS = 20;
+    static final long SECTION_Y_MASK = (1L << SECTION_Y_BITS) - 1;
+    static final int SECTION_Z_BITS = 22;
+    static final long SECTION_Z_MASK = (1L << SECTION_Z_BITS) - 1;
+    // format is y,z,x (in order of LSB to MSB)
+    static final int SECTION_Y_SHIFT = 0;
+    static final int SECTION_Z_SHIFT = SECTION_Y_SHIFT + SECTION_Y_BITS;
+    static final int SECTION_X_SHIFT = SECTION_Z_SHIFT + SECTION_X_BITS;
+    static final int SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT = 4;
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return ((x & SECTION_X_MASK) << SECTION_X_SHIFT)
+                | ((y & SECTION_Y_MASK) << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)
+                | ((z & SECTION_Z_MASK) << SECTION_Z_SHIFT);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final SectionPos pos) {
+        return ((pos.getX() & SECTION_X_MASK) << SECTION_X_SHIFT)
+                | ((pos.getY() & SECTION_Y_MASK) << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)
+                | ((pos.getZ() & SECTION_Z_MASK) << SECTION_Z_SHIFT);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final ChunkPos pos, final int y) {
+        return ((pos.x & SECTION_X_MASK) << SECTION_X_SHIFT)
+                | ((y & SECTION_Y_MASK) << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)
+                | ((pos.z & SECTION_Z_MASK) << SECTION_Z_SHIFT);
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return (((long)pos.getX() << (SECTION_X_SHIFT - SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT)) & (SECTION_X_MASK << SECTION_X_SHIFT)) |
+                ((pos.getY() >> SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT) & (SECTION_Y_MASK << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)) |
+                (((long)pos.getZ() << (SECTION_Z_SHIFT - SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT)) & (SECTION_Z_MASK << SECTION_Z_SHIFT));
+    }
+
+    public static long getChunkSectionKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getX()) << (SECTION_X_SHIFT - SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT)) & (SECTION_X_MASK << SECTION_X_SHIFT)) |
+                ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getY()) >> SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT) & (SECTION_Y_MASK << SECTION_Y_SHIFT)) |
+                ((Mth.lfloor(entity.getZ()) << (SECTION_Z_SHIFT - SECTION_TO_BLOCK_SHIFT)) & (SECTION_Z_MASK << SECTION_Z_SHIFT));
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkSectionX(final long key) {
+        return (int)(key << (Long.SIZE - (SECTION_X_SHIFT + SECTION_X_BITS)) >> (Long.SIZE - SECTION_X_BITS));
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkSectionY(final long key) {
+        return (int)(key << (Long.SIZE - (SECTION_Y_SHIFT + SECTION_Y_BITS)) >> (Long.SIZE - SECTION_Y_BITS));
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkSectionZ(final long key) {
+        return (int)(key << (Long.SIZE - (SECTION_Z_SHIFT + SECTION_Z_BITS)) >> (Long.SIZE - SECTION_Z_BITS));
+    }
+
+    // the block coordinates are not necessarily compatible with vanilla's
+
+    public static int getBlockCoordinate(final double blockCoordinate) {
+        return Mth.floor(blockCoordinate);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return ((long)x & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)z & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)y << 54);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return ((long)pos.getX() & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)pos.getZ() & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)pos.getY() << 54);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return ((long)entity.getX() & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)entity.getZ() & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)entity.getY() << 54);
+    }
+
+    private CoordinateUtils() {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntegerUtil.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntegerUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16785bd5c0524f6bad0691ca7ecd4514608d2eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntegerUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+public final class IntegerUtil {
+
+    public static final int HIGH_BIT_U32 = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+    public static final long HIGH_BIT_U64 = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+
+    public static int ceilLog2(final int value) {
+        return Integer.SIZE - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value - 1); // see doc of numberOfLeadingZeros
+    }
+
+    public static long ceilLog2(final long value) {
+        return Long.SIZE - Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(value - 1); // see doc of numberOfLeadingZeros
+    }
+
+    public static int floorLog2(final int value) {
+        // xor is optimized subtract for 2^n -1
+        // note that (2^n -1) - k = (2^n -1) ^ k for k <= (2^n - 1)
+        return (Integer.SIZE - 1) ^ Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value); // see doc of numberOfLeadingZeros
+    }
+
+    public static int floorLog2(final long value) {
+        // xor is optimized subtract for 2^n -1
+        // note that (2^n -1) - k = (2^n -1) ^ k for k <= (2^n - 1)
+        return (Long.SIZE - 1) ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(value); // see doc of numberOfLeadingZeros
+    }
+
+    public static int roundCeilLog2(final int value) {
+        // optimized variant of 1 << (32 - leading(val - 1))
+        // given
+        // 1 << n = HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - n) for n [0, 32)
+        // 1 << (32 - leading(val - 1)) = HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - (32 - leading(val - 1)))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - (32 - leading(val - 1)))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - 32 + leading(val - 1))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (-1 + leading(val - 1))
+        return HIGH_BIT_U32 >>> (Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value - 1) - 1);
+    }
+
+    public static long roundCeilLog2(final long value) {
+        // see logic documented above
+        return HIGH_BIT_U64 >>> (Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(value - 1) - 1);
+    }
+
+    public static int roundFloorLog2(final int value) {
+        // optimized variant of 1 << (31 - leading(val))
+        // given
+        // 1 << n = HIGH_BIT_32 >>> (31 - n) for n [0, 32)
+        // 1 << (31 - leading(val)) = HIGH_BIT_32 >> (31 - (31 - leading(val)))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >> (31 - (31 - leading(val)))
+        // HIGH_BIT_32 >> (31 - 31 + leading(val))
+        return HIGH_BIT_U32 >>> Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value);
+    }
+
+    public static long roundFloorLog2(final long value) {
+        // see logic documented above
+        return HIGH_BIT_U64 >>> Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(value);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(final int n) {
+        // 2^n has one bit
+        // note: this rets true for 0 still
+        return IntegerUtil.getTrailingBit(n) == n;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(final long n) {
+        // 2^n has one bit
+        // note: this rets true for 0 still
+        return IntegerUtil.getTrailingBit(n) == n;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTrailingBit(final int n) {
+        return -n & n;
+    }
+
+    public static long getTrailingBit(final long n) {
+        return -n & n;
+    }
+
+    public static int trailingZeros(final int n) {
+        return Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(n);
+    }
+
+    public static int trailingZeros(final long n) {
+        return Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(n);
+    }
+
+    // from hacker's delight (signed division magic value)
+    public static int getDivisorMultiple(final long numbers) {
+        return (int)(numbers >>> 32);
+    }
+
+    // from hacker's delight (signed division magic value)
+    public static int getDivisorShift(final long numbers) {
+        return (int)numbers;
+    }
+
+    // copied from hacker's delight (signed division magic value)
+    // http://www.hackersdelight.org/hdcodetxt/magic.c.txt
+    public static long getDivisorNumbers(final int d) {
+        final int ad = branchlessAbs(d);
+
+        if (ad < 2) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("|number| must be in [2, 2^31 -1], not: " + d);
+        }
+
+        final int two31 = 0x80000000;
+        final long mask = 0xFFFFFFFFL; // mask for enforcing unsigned behaviour
+
+        /*
+         Signed usage:
+         int number;
+         long magic = getDivisorNumbers(div);
+         long mul = magic >>> 32;
+         int sign = number >> 31;
+         int result = (int)(((long)number * mul) >>> magic) - sign;
+         */
+        /*
+         Unsigned usage:
+         int number;
+         long magic = getDivisorNumbers(div);
+         long mul = magic >>> 32;
+         int result = (int)(((long)number * mul) >>> magic);
+         */
+
+        int p = 31;
+
+        // all these variables are UNSIGNED!
+        int t = two31 + (d >>> 31);
+        int anc = t - 1 - (int)((t & mask)%ad);
+        int q1 = (int)((two31 & mask)/(anc & mask));
+        int r1 = two31 - q1*anc;
+        int q2 = (int)((two31 & mask)/(ad & mask));
+        int r2 = two31 - q2*ad;
+        int delta;
+
+        do {
+            p = p + 1;
+            q1 = 2*q1;                        // Update q1 = 2**p/|nc|.
+            r1 = 2*r1;                        // Update r1 = rem(2**p, |nc|).
+            if ((r1 & mask) >= (anc & mask)) {// (Must be an unsigned comparison here)
+                q1 = q1 + 1;
+                r1 = r1 - anc;
+            }
+            q2 = 2*q2;                       // Update q2 = 2**p/|d|.
+            r2 = 2*r2;                       // Update r2 = rem(2**p, |d|).
+            if ((r2 & mask) >= (ad & mask)) {// (Must be an unsigned comparison here)
+                q2 = q2 + 1;
+                r2 = r2 - ad;
+            }
+            delta = ad - r2;
+        } while ((q1 & mask) < (delta & mask) || (q1 == delta && r1 == 0));
+
+        int magicNum = q2 + 1;
+        if (d < 0) {
+            magicNum = -magicNum;
+        }
+        int shift = p;
+        return ((long)magicNum << 32) | shift;
+    }
+
+    public static int branchlessAbs(final int val) {
+        // -n = -1 ^ n + 1
+        final int mask = val >> (Integer.SIZE - 1); // -1 if < 0, 0 if >= 0
+        return (mask ^ val) - mask; // if val < 0, then (0 ^ val) - 0 else (-1 ^ val) + 1
+    }
+
+    public static long branchlessAbs(final long val) {
+        // -n = -1 ^ n + 1
+        final long mask = val >> (Long.SIZE - 1); // -1 if < 0, 0 if >= 0
+        return (mask ^ val) - mask; // if val < 0, then (0 ^ val) - 0 else (-1 ^ val) + 1
+    }
+
+    //https://github.com/skeeto/hash-prospector for hash functions
+
+    //score = ~590.47984224483832
+    public static int hash0(int x) {
+        x *= 0x36935555;
+        x ^= x >>> 16;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    //score = ~310.01596637036749
+    public static int hash1(int x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 15;
+        x *= 0x356aaaad;
+        x ^= x >>> 17;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    public static int hash2(int x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 16;
+        x *= 0x7feb352d;
+        x ^= x >>> 15;
+        x *= 0x846ca68b;
+        x ^= x >>> 16;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    public static int hash3(int x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 17;
+        x *= 0xed5ad4bb;
+        x ^= x >>> 11;
+        x *= 0xac4c1b51;
+        x ^= x >>> 15;
+        x *= 0x31848bab;
+        x ^= x >>> 14;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    //score = ~365.79959673201887
+    public static long hash1(long x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 27;
+        x *= 0xb24924b71d2d354bL;
+        x ^= x >>> 28;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    //h2 hash
+    public static long hash2(long x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 32;
+        x *= 0xd6e8feb86659fd93L;
+        x ^= x >>> 32;
+        x *= 0xd6e8feb86659fd93L;
+        x ^= x >>> 32;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    public static long hash3(long x) {
+        x ^= x >>> 45;
+        x *= 0xc161abe5704b6c79L;
+        x ^= x >>> 41;
+        x *= 0xe3e5389aedbc90f7L;
+        x ^= x >>> 56;
+        x *= 0x1f9aba75a52db073L;
+        x ^= x >>> 53;
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    private IntegerUtil() {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntervalledCounter.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntervalledCounter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cea9c098ade00ee87b8efc8164ab72f5279758f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/IntervalledCounter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+public final class IntervalledCounter {
+
+    protected long[] times;
+    protected long[] counts;
+    protected final long interval;
+    protected long minTime;
+    protected long sum;
+    protected int head; // inclusive
+    protected int tail; // exclusive
+
+    public IntervalledCounter(final long interval) {
+        this.times = new long[8];
+        this.counts = new long[8];
+        this.interval = interval;
+    }
+
+    public void updateCurrentTime() {
+        this.updateCurrentTime(System.nanoTime());
+    }
+
+    public void updateCurrentTime(final long currentTime) {
+        long sum = this.sum;
+        int head = this.head;
+        final int tail = this.tail;
+        final long minTime = currentTime - this.interval;
+
+        final int arrayLen = this.times.length;
+
+        // guard against overflow by using subtraction
+        while (head != tail && this.times[head] - minTime < 0) {
+            sum -= this.counts[head];
+            // there are two ways we can do this:
+            // 1. free the count when adding
+            // 2. free it now
+            // option #2
+            this.counts[head] = 0;
+            if (++head >= arrayLen) {
+                head = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.sum = sum;
+        this.head = head;
+        this.minTime = minTime;
+    }
+
+    public void addTime(final long currTime) {
+        this.addTime(currTime, 1L);
+    }
+
+    public void addTime(final long currTime, final long count) {
+        // guard against overflow by using subtraction
+        if (currTime - this.minTime < 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        int nextTail = (this.tail + 1) % this.times.length;
+        if (nextTail == this.head) {
+            this.resize();
+            nextTail = (this.tail + 1) % this.times.length;
+        }
+
+        this.times[this.tail] = currTime;
+        this.counts[this.tail] += count;
+        this.sum += count;
+        this.tail = nextTail;
+    }
+
+    public void updateAndAdd(final int count) {
+        final long currTime = System.nanoTime();
+        this.updateCurrentTime(currTime);
+        this.addTime(currTime, count);
+    }
+
+    public void updateAndAdd(final int count, final long currTime) {
+        this.updateCurrentTime(currTime);
+        this.addTime(currTime, count);
+    }
+
+    private void resize() {
+        final long[] oldElements = this.times;
+        final long[] oldCounts = this.counts;
+        final long[] newElements = new long[this.times.length * 2];
+        final long[] newCounts = new long[this.times.length * 2];
+        this.times = newElements;
+        this.counts = newCounts;
+
+        final int head = this.head;
+        final int tail = this.tail;
+        final int size = tail >= head ? (tail - head) : (tail + (oldElements.length - head));
+        this.head = 0;
+        this.tail = size;
+
+        if (tail >= head) {
+            System.arraycopy(oldElements, head, newElements, 0, size);
+            System.arraycopy(oldCounts, head, newCounts, 0, size);
+        } else {
+            System.arraycopy(oldElements, head, newElements, 0, oldElements.length - head);
+            System.arraycopy(oldElements, 0, newElements, oldElements.length - head, tail);
+
+            System.arraycopy(oldCounts, head, newCounts, 0, oldCounts.length - head);
+            System.arraycopy(oldCounts, 0, newCounts, oldCounts.length - head, tail);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // returns in units per second
+    public double getRate() {
+        return this.size() / (this.interval * 1.0e-9);
+    }
+
+    public long size() {
+        return this.sum;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/MCUtil.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/MCUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e21566fc4d76ae2e305f0e1d47d8c2f1c1f2c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/MCUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
+import io.papermc.paper.math.BlockPosition;
+import io.papermc.paper.math.FinePosition;
+import io.papermc.paper.math.Position;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectRBTreeSet;
+import java.lang.ref.Cleaner;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.core.Direction;
+import net.minecraft.core.Vec3i;
+import net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
+import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ClipContext;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.Level;
+import net.minecraft.world.phys.Vec3;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.exception.ExceptionUtils;
+import org.bukkit.Location;
+import org.bukkit.block.BlockFace;
+import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.CraftWorld;
+import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.util.Waitable;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.spigotmc.AsyncCatcher;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public final class MCUtil {
+    public static final ThreadPoolExecutor asyncExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
+        0, 2, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
+        new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(),
+        new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+            .setNameFormat("Paper Async Task Handler Thread - %1$d")
+            .setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new net.minecraft.DefaultUncaughtExceptionHandlerWithName(MinecraftServer.LOGGER))
+            .build()
+    );
+    public static final ThreadPoolExecutor cleanerExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
+        1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
+        new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(),
+        new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+            .setNameFormat("Paper Object Cleaner")
+            .setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new net.minecraft.DefaultUncaughtExceptionHandlerWithName(MinecraftServer.LOGGER))
+            .build()
+    );
+
+    public static final long INVALID_CHUNK_KEY = getCoordinateKey(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+
+
+    public static Runnable once(Runnable run) {
+        AtomicBoolean ran = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        return () -> {
+            if (ran.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                run.run();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static <T> Runnable once(List<T> list, Consumer<T> cb) {
+        return once(() -> {
+            list.forEach(cb);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static Runnable makeCleanerCallback(Runnable run) {
+        return once(() -> cleanerExecutor.execute(run));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DANGER WILL ROBINSON: Be sure you do not use a lambda that lives in the object being monitored, or leaky leaky!
+     * @param obj
+     * @param run
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Runnable registerCleaner(Object obj, Runnable run) {
+        // Wrap callback in its own method above or the lambda will leak object
+        Runnable cleaner = makeCleanerCallback(run);
+        CleanerHolder.CLEANER.register(obj, cleaner);
+        return cleaner;
+    }
+
+    private static final class CleanerHolder {
+        private static final Cleaner CLEANER = Cleaner.create();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DANGER WILL ROBINSON: Be sure you do not use a lambda that lives in the object being monitored, or leaky leaky!
+     * @param obj
+     * @param list
+     * @param cleaner
+     * @param <T>
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static <T> Runnable registerListCleaner(Object obj, List<T> list, Consumer<T> cleaner) {
+        return registerCleaner(obj, () -> {
+            list.forEach(cleaner);
+            list.clear();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DANGER WILL ROBINSON: Be sure you do not use a lambda that lives in the object being monitored, or leaky leaky!
+     * @param obj
+     * @param resource
+     * @param cleaner
+     * @param <T>
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static <T> Runnable registerCleaner(Object obj, T resource, java.util.function.Consumer<T> cleaner) {
+        return registerCleaner(obj, () -> cleaner.accept(resource));
+    }
+
+    public static List<ChunkPos> getSpiralOutChunks(BlockPos blockposition, int radius) {
+        List<ChunkPos> list = com.google.common.collect.Lists.newArrayList();
+
+        list.add(new ChunkPos(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4));
+        for (int r = 1; r <= radius; r++) {
+            int x = -r;
+            int z = r;
+
+            // Iterates the edge of half of the box; then negates for other half.
+            while (x <= r && z > -r) {
+                list.add(new ChunkPos((blockposition.getX() + (x << 4)) >> 4, (blockposition.getZ() + (z << 4)) >> 4));
+                list.add(new ChunkPos((blockposition.getX() - (x << 4)) >> 4, (blockposition.getZ() - (z << 4)) >> 4));
+
+                if (x < r) {
+                    x++;
+                } else {
+                    z--;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    public static int fastFloor(double x) {
+        int truncated = (int)x;
+        return x < (double)truncated ? truncated - 1 : truncated;
+    }
+
+    public static int fastFloor(float x) {
+        int truncated = (int)x;
+        return x < (double)truncated ? truncated - 1 : truncated;
+    }
+
+    public static float normalizeYaw(float f) {
+        float f1 = f % 360.0F;
+
+        if (f1 >= 180.0F) {
+            f1 -= 360.0F;
+        }
+
+        if (f1 < -180.0F) {
+            f1 += 360.0F;
+        }
+
+        return f1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Quickly generate a stack trace for current location
+     *
+     * @return Stacktrace
+     */
+    public static String stack() {
+        return ExceptionUtils.getFullStackTrace(new Throwable());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Quickly generate a stack trace for current location with message
+     *
+     * @param str
+     * @return Stacktrace
+     */
+    public static String stack(String str) {
+        return ExceptionUtils.getFullStackTrace(new Throwable(str));
+    }
+
+    public static long getCoordinateKey(final BlockPos blockPos) {
+        return ((long)(blockPos.getZ() >> 4) << 32) | ((blockPos.getX() >> 4) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getCoordinateKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return ((long)(MCUtil.fastFloor(entity.getZ()) >> 4) << 32) | ((MCUtil.fastFloor(entity.getX()) >> 4) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getCoordinateKey(final ChunkPos pair) {
+        return ((long)pair.z << 32) | (pair.x & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static long getCoordinateKey(final int x, final int z) {
+        return ((long)z << 32) | (x & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public static int getCoordinateX(final long key) {
+        return (int)key;
+    }
+
+    public static int getCoordinateZ(final long key) {
+        return (int)(key >>> 32);
+    }
+
+    public static int getChunkCoordinate(final double coordinate) {
+        return MCUtil.fastFloor(coordinate) >> 4;
+    }
+
+    public static int getBlockCoordinate(final double coordinate) {
+        return MCUtil.fastFloor(coordinate);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return ((long)x & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)z & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)y << 54);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return ((long)pos.getX() & 0x7FFFFFF) | (((long)pos.getZ() & 0x7FFFFFF) << 27) | ((long)pos.getY() << 54);
+    }
+
+    public static long getBlockKey(final Entity entity) {
+        return getBlockKey(getBlockCoordinate(entity.getX()), getBlockCoordinate(entity.getY()), getBlockCoordinate(entity.getZ()));
+    }
+
+    // assumes the sets have the same comparator, and if this comparator is null then assume T is Comparable
+    public static <T> void mergeSortedSets(final java.util.function.Consumer<T> consumer, final java.util.Comparator<? super T> comparator, final java.util.SortedSet<T>...sets) {
+        final ObjectRBTreeSet<T> all = new ObjectRBTreeSet<>(comparator);
+        // note: this is done in log(n!) ~ nlogn time. It could be improved if it were to mimic what mergesort does.
+        for (java.util.SortedSet<T> set : sets) {
+            if (set != null) {
+                all.addAll(set);
+            }
+        }
+        all.forEach(consumer);
+    }
+
+    private MCUtil() {}
+
+    public static final java.util.concurrent.Executor MAIN_EXECUTOR = (run) -> {
+        if (!isMainThread()) {
+            MinecraftServer.getServer().execute(run);
+        } else {
+            run.run();
+        }
+    };
+
+    public static <T> CompletableFuture<T> ensureMain(CompletableFuture<T> future) {
+        return future.thenApplyAsync(r -> r, MAIN_EXECUTOR);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> void thenOnMain(CompletableFuture<T> future, Consumer<T> consumer) {
+        future.thenAcceptAsync(consumer, MAIN_EXECUTOR);
+    }
+    public static <T> void thenOnMain(CompletableFuture<T> future, BiConsumer<T, Throwable> consumer) {
+        future.whenCompleteAsync(consumer, MAIN_EXECUTOR);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isMainThread() {
+        return MinecraftServer.getServer().isSameThread();
+    }
+
+    public static org.bukkit.scheduler.BukkitTask scheduleTask(int ticks, Runnable runnable) {
+        return scheduleTask(ticks, runnable, null);
+    }
+
+    public static org.bukkit.scheduler.BukkitTask scheduleTask(int ticks, Runnable runnable, String taskName) {
+        return MinecraftServer.getServer().server.getScheduler().scheduleInternalTask(runnable, ticks, taskName);
+    }
+
+    public static void processQueue() {
+        Runnable runnable;
+        Queue<Runnable> processQueue = getProcessQueue();
+        while ((runnable = processQueue.poll()) != null) {
+            try {
+                runnable.run();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error("Error executing task", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    public static <T> T processQueueWhileWaiting(CompletableFuture <T> future) {
+        try {
+            if (isMainThread()) {
+                while (!future.isDone()) {
+                    try {
+                        return future.get(1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                    } catch (TimeoutException ignored) {
+                        processQueue();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return future.get();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void ensureMain(Runnable run) {
+        ensureMain(null, run);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Ensures the target code is running on the main thread
+     * @param reason
+     * @param run
+     */
+    public static void ensureMain(String reason, Runnable run) {
+        if (!isMainThread()) {
+            if (reason != null) {
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.warn("Asynchronous " + reason + "!", new IllegalStateException());
+            }
+            getProcessQueue().add(run);
+            return;
+        }
+        run.run();
+    }
+
+    private static Queue<Runnable> getProcessQueue() {
+        return MinecraftServer.getServer().processQueue;
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T ensureMain(Supplier<T> run) {
+        return ensureMain(null, run);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Ensures the target code is running on the main thread
+     * @param reason
+     * @param run
+     * @param <T>
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static <T> T ensureMain(String reason, Supplier<T> run) {
+        if (!isMainThread()) {
+            if (reason != null) {
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.warn("Asynchronous " + reason + "! Blocking thread until it returns ", new IllegalStateException());
+            }
+            Waitable<T> wait = new Waitable<T>() {
+                @Override
+                protected T evaluate() {
+                    return run.get();
+                }
+            };
+            getProcessQueue().add(wait);
+            try {
+                return wait.get();
+            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
+                MinecraftServer.LOGGER.warn("Encountered exception", e);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return run.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates distance between 2 entities
+     * @param e1
+     * @param e2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distance(Entity e1, Entity e2) {
+        return Math.sqrt(distanceSq(e1, e2));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates distance between 2 block positions
+     * @param e1
+     * @param e2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distance(BlockPos e1, BlockPos e2) {
+        return Math.sqrt(distanceSq(e1, e2));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the distance between 2 positions
+     * @param x1
+     * @param y1
+     * @param z1
+     * @param x2
+     * @param y2
+     * @param z2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distance(double x1, double y1, double z1, double x2, double y2, double z2) {
+        return Math.sqrt(distanceSq(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get's the distance squared between 2 entities
+     * @param e1
+     * @param e2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distanceSq(Entity e1, Entity e2) {
+        return distanceSq(e1.getX(),e1.getY(),e1.getZ(), e2.getX(),e2.getY(),e2.getZ());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the distance sqaured between 2 block positions
+     * @param pos1
+     * @param pos2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distanceSq(BlockPos pos1, BlockPos pos2) {
+        return distanceSq(pos1.getX(), pos1.getY(), pos1.getZ(), pos2.getX(), pos2.getY(), pos2.getZ());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the distance squared between 2 positions
+     * @param x1
+     * @param y1
+     * @param z1
+     * @param x2
+     * @param y2
+     * @param z2
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static double distanceSq(double x1, double y1, double z1, double x2, double y2, double z2) {
+        return (x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2) + (z1 - z2) * (z1 - z2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a NMS World/BlockPosition to Bukkit Location
+     * @param world
+     * @param x
+     * @param y
+     * @param z
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Location toLocation(Level world, double x, double y, double z) {
+        return new Location(world.getWorld(), x, y, z);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a NMS World/BlockPosition to Bukkit Location
+     * @param world
+     * @param pos
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Location toLocation(Level world, BlockPos pos) {
+        return new Location(world.getWorld(), pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts an NMS entity's current location to a Bukkit Location
+     * @param entity
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Location toLocation(Entity entity) {
+        return new Location(entity.getCommandSenderWorld().getWorld(), entity.getX(), entity.getY(), entity.getZ());
+    }
+
+    public static BlockPos toBlockPosition(Location loc) {
+        return new BlockPos(loc.getBlockX(), loc.getBlockY(), loc.getBlockZ());
+    }
+
+    public static BlockPos toBlockPos(Position pos) {
+        return new BlockPos(pos.blockX(), pos.blockY(), pos.blockZ());
+    }
+
+    public static FinePosition toPosition(Vec3 vector) {
+        return Position.fine(vector.x, vector.y, vector.z);
+    }
+
+    public static BlockPosition toPosition(Vec3i vector) {
+        return Position.block(vector.getX(), vector.getY(), vector.getZ());
+    }
+
+    public static Vec3 toVec3(Position position) {
+        return new Vec3(position.x(), position.y(), position.z());
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isEdgeOfChunk(BlockPos pos) {
+        final int modX = pos.getX() & 15;
+        final int modZ = pos.getZ() & 15;
+        return (modX == 0 || modX == 15 || modZ == 0 || modZ == 15);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Posts a task to be executed asynchronously
+     * @param run
+     */
+    public static void scheduleAsyncTask(Runnable run) {
+        asyncExecutor.execute(run);
+    }
+
+    @Nonnull
+    public static ServerLevel getNMSWorld(@Nonnull org.bukkit.World world) {
+        return ((CraftWorld) world).getHandle();
+    }
+
+    public static ServerLevel getNMSWorld(@Nonnull org.bukkit.entity.Entity entity) {
+        return getNMSWorld(entity.getWorld());
+    }
+
+    public static BlockFace toBukkitBlockFace(Direction enumDirection) {
+        switch (enumDirection) {
+            case DOWN:
+                return BlockFace.DOWN;
+            case UP:
+                return BlockFace.UP;
+            case NORTH:
+                return BlockFace.NORTH;
+            case SOUTH:
+                return BlockFace.SOUTH;
+            case WEST:
+                return BlockFace.WEST;
+            case EAST:
+                return BlockFace.EAST;
+            default:
+                return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int getTicketLevelFor(net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.status.ChunkStatus status) {
+        return net.minecraft.server.level.ChunkMap.MAX_VIEW_DISTANCE + net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.status.ChunkStatus.getDistance(status);
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    public static <T> List<T> copyListAndAdd(@NotNull final List<T> original,
+                                             @NotNull final T newElement) {
+        return ImmutableList.<T>builderWithExpectedSize(original.size() + 1)
+            .addAll(original)
+            .add(newElement)
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    public static <T> List<T> copyListAndRemoveIf(@NotNull final List<T> original,
+                                                  @NotNull final Predicate<T> removalPredicate) {
+        final ImmutableList.Builder<T> builder = ImmutableList.builderWithExpectedSize(original.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < original.size(); i++) {
+            final T value = original.get(i);
+            if (removalPredicate.test(value)) continue;
+
+            builder.add(value);
+        }
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/StackWalkerUtil.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/StackWalkerUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7114d5b8f2f93f62883e24da29afaf9f74ee1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/StackWalkerUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+import org.bukkit.plugin.java.JavaPlugin;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.java.PluginClassLoader;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class StackWalkerUtil {
+
+    @Nullable
+    public static JavaPlugin getFirstPluginCaller() {
+        Optional<JavaPlugin> foundFrame = StackWalker.getInstance(StackWalker.Option.RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE)
+            .walk(stream -> stream
+                .filter(frame -> frame.getDeclaringClass().getClassLoader() instanceof PluginClassLoader)
+                .map((frame) -> {
+                    PluginClassLoader classLoader = (PluginClassLoader) frame.getDeclaringClass().getClassLoader();
+                    return classLoader.getPlugin();
+                })
+                .findFirst());
+
+        return foundFrame.orElse(null);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/WorldUtil.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/WorldUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67bb91fcfb532a919954cd9d7733d09a6c3fec35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/WorldUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util;
+
+import net.minecraft.world.level.LevelHeightAccessor;
+
+public final class WorldUtil {
+
+    // min, max are inclusive
+
+    public static int getMaxSection(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return world.getMaxSection() - 1; // getMaxSection() is exclusive
+    }
+
+    public static int getMinSection(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return world.getMinSection();
+    }
+
+    public static int getMaxLightSection(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMaxSection(world) + 1;
+    }
+
+    public static int getMinLightSection(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMinSection(world) - 1;
+    }
+
+
+
+    public static int getTotalSections(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMaxSection(world) - getMinSection(world) + 1;
+    }
+
+    public static int getTotalLightSections(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMaxLightSection(world) - getMinLightSection(world) + 1;
+    }
+
+    public static int getMinBlockY(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return getMinSection(world) << 4;
+    }
+
+    public static int getMaxBlockY(final LevelHeightAccessor world) {
+        return (getMaxSection(world) << 4) | 15;
+    }
+
+    private WorldUtil() {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/maplist/IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/maplist/IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fd814f1d65c111266a2b20f86561839a4cef755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/maplist/IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util.maplist;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2IntLinkedOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2IntMap;
+import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+public final class IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<E> {
+
+    public static final int ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS = 1 << 0;
+
+    protected final Reference2IntLinkedOpenHashMap<E> indexMap;
+    protected int firstInvalidIndex = -1;
+
+    /* list impl */
+    protected E[] listElements;
+    protected int listSize;
+
+    protected final double maxFragFactor;
+
+    protected int iteratorCount;
+
+    private final boolean threadRestricted;
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet() {
+        this(16, 0.75f, 16, 0.2);
+    }
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet(final boolean threadRestricted) {
+        this(16, 0.75f, 16, 0.2, threadRestricted);
+    }
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet(final int setCapacity, final float setLoadFactor, final int arrayCapacity,
+                                           final double maxFragFactor) {
+        this(setCapacity, setLoadFactor, arrayCapacity, maxFragFactor, false);
+    }
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet(final int setCapacity, final float setLoadFactor, final int arrayCapacity,
+                                           final double maxFragFactor, final boolean threadRestricted) {
+        this.indexMap = new Reference2IntLinkedOpenHashMap<>(setCapacity, setLoadFactor);
+        this.indexMap.defaultReturnValue(-1);
+        this.maxFragFactor = maxFragFactor;
+        this.listElements = (E[])new Object[arrayCapacity];
+        this.threadRestricted = threadRestricted;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    public void check() {
+        int iterated = 0;
+        ReferenceOpenHashSet<E> check = new ReferenceOpenHashSet<>();
+        if (this.listElements != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < this.listSize; ++i) {
+                Object obj = this.listElements[i];
+                if (obj != null) {
+                    iterated++;
+                    if (!check.add((E)obj)) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("contains duplicate");
+                    }
+                    if (!this.contains((E)obj)) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("desync");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (iterated != this.size()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Size is mismatched! Got " + iterated + ", expected " + this.size());
+        }
+
+        check.clear();
+        iterated = 0;
+        for (final java.util.Iterator<E> iterator = this.unsafeIterator(IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final E element = iterator.next();
+            iterated++;
+            if (!check.add(element)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("contains duplicate (iterator is wrong)");
+            }
+            if (!this.contains(element)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("desync (iterator is wrong)");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (iterated != this.size()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Size is mismatched! (iterator is wrong) Got " + iterated + ", expected " + this.size());
+        }
+    }
+    */
+
+    protected final boolean allowSafeIteration() {
+        return !this.threadRestricted || Bukkit.isPrimaryThread();
+    }
+
+    protected final double getFragFactor() {
+        return 1.0 - ((double)this.indexMap.size() / (double)this.listSize);
+    }
+
+    public int createRawIterator() {
+        if (this.allowSafeIteration()) {
+            ++this.iteratorCount;
+        }
+        if (this.indexMap.isEmpty()) {
+            return -1;
+        } else {
+            return this.firstInvalidIndex == 0 ? this.indexMap.getInt(this.indexMap.firstKey()) : 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int advanceRawIterator(final int index) {
+        final E[] elements = this.listElements;
+        int ret = index + 1;
+        for (int len = this.listSize; ret < len; ++ret) {
+            if (elements[ret] != null) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public void finishRawIterator() {
+        if (this.allowSafeIteration() && --this.iteratorCount == 0) {
+            if (this.getFragFactor() >= this.maxFragFactor) {
+                this.defrag();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean remove(final E element) {
+        final int index = this.indexMap.removeInt(element);
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            if (this.firstInvalidIndex < 0 || index < this.firstInvalidIndex) {
+                this.firstInvalidIndex = index;
+            }
+            if (this.listElements[index] != element) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            this.listElements[index] = null;
+            if (this.allowSafeIteration() && this.iteratorCount == 0 && this.getFragFactor() >= this.maxFragFactor) {
+                this.defrag();
+            }
+            //this.check();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final E element) {
+        return this.indexMap.containsKey(element);
+    }
+
+    public boolean add(final E element) {
+        final int listSize = this.listSize;
+
+        final int previous = this.indexMap.putIfAbsent(element, listSize);
+        if (previous != -1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (listSize >= this.listElements.length) {
+            this.listElements = Arrays.copyOf(this.listElements, listSize * 2);
+        }
+        this.listElements[listSize] = element;
+        this.listSize = listSize + 1;
+
+        //this.check();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    protected void defrag() {
+        if (this.firstInvalidIndex < 0) {
+            return; // nothing to do
+        }
+
+        if (this.indexMap.isEmpty()) {
+            Arrays.fill(this.listElements, 0, this.listSize, null);
+            this.listSize = 0;
+            this.firstInvalidIndex = -1;
+            //this.check();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final E[] backingArray = this.listElements;
+
+        int lastValidIndex;
+        java.util.Iterator<Reference2IntMap.Entry<E>> iterator;
+
+        if (this.firstInvalidIndex == 0) {
+            iterator = this.indexMap.reference2IntEntrySet().fastIterator();
+            lastValidIndex = 0;
+        } else {
+            lastValidIndex = this.firstInvalidIndex;
+            final E key = backingArray[lastValidIndex - 1];
+            iterator = this.indexMap.reference2IntEntrySet().fastIterator(new Reference2IntMap.Entry<E>() {
+                @Override
+                public int getIntValue() {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public int setValue(int i) {
+                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public E getKey() {
+                    return key;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            final Reference2IntMap.Entry<E> entry = iterator.next();
+
+            final int newIndex = lastValidIndex++;
+            backingArray[newIndex] = entry.getKey();
+            entry.setValue(newIndex);
+        }
+
+        // cleanup end
+        Arrays.fill(backingArray, lastValidIndex, this.listSize, null);
+        this.listSize = lastValidIndex;
+        this.firstInvalidIndex = -1;
+        //this.check();
+    }
+
+    public E rawGet(final int index) {
+        return this.listElements[index];
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        // always returns the correct amount - listSize can be different
+        return this.indexMap.size();
+    }
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.Iterator<E> iterator() {
+        return this.iterator(0);
+    }
+
+    public IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.Iterator<E> iterator(final int flags) {
+        if (this.allowSafeIteration()) {
+            ++this.iteratorCount;
+        }
+        return new BaseIterator<>(this, true, (flags & ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS) != 0 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : this.listSize);
+    }
+
+    public java.util.Iterator<E> unsafeIterator() {
+        return this.unsafeIterator(0);
+    }
+    public java.util.Iterator<E> unsafeIterator(final int flags) {
+        return new BaseIterator<>(this, false, (flags & ITERATOR_FLAG_SEE_ADDITIONS) != 0 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : this.listSize);
+    }
+
+    public static interface Iterator<E> extends java.util.Iterator<E> {
+
+        public void finishedIterating();
+
+    }
+
+    protected static final class BaseIterator<E> implements IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet.Iterator<E> {
+
+        protected final IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<E> set;
+        protected final boolean canFinish;
+        protected final int maxIndex;
+        protected int nextIndex;
+        protected E pendingValue;
+        protected boolean finished;
+        protected E lastReturned;
+
+        protected BaseIterator(final IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<E> set, final boolean canFinish, final int maxIndex) {
+            this.set = set;
+            this.canFinish = canFinish;
+            this.maxIndex = maxIndex;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean hasNext() {
+            if (this.finished) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (this.pendingValue != null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            final E[] elements = this.set.listElements;
+            int index, len;
+            for (index = this.nextIndex, len = Math.min(this.maxIndex, this.set.listSize); index < len; ++index) {
+                final E element = elements[index];
+                if (element != null) {
+                    this.pendingValue = element;
+                    this.nextIndex = index + 1;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            this.nextIndex = index;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public E next() {
+            if (!this.hasNext()) {
+                throw new NoSuchElementException();
+            }
+            final E ret = this.pendingValue;
+
+            this.pendingValue = null;
+            this.lastReturned = ret;
+
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void remove() {
+            final E lastReturned = this.lastReturned;
+            if (lastReturned == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            this.lastReturned = null;
+            this.set.remove(lastReturned);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void finishedIterating() {
+            if (this.finished || !this.canFinish) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            this.lastReturned = null;
+            this.finished = true;
+            if (this.set.allowSafeIteration()) {
+                this.set.finishRawIterator();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..470402573bc31106d5a63e415b958fb7f9c36aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D.java
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util.misc;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.CoordinateUtils;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ByteOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongLinkedOpenHashSet;
+
+public final class Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D {
+
+    // this map is considered "stale" unless updates are propagated.
+    protected final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.LevelMap levels = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.LevelMap(8192*2, 0.6f);
+
+    // this map is never stale
+    protected final Long2ByteOpenHashMap sources = new Long2ByteOpenHashMap(4096, 0.6f);
+
+    // Generally updates to positions are made close to other updates, so we link to decrease cache misses when
+    // propagating updates
+    protected final LongLinkedOpenHashSet updatedSources = new LongLinkedOpenHashSet();
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface LevelChangeCallback {
+
+        /**
+         * This can be called for intermediate updates. So do not rely on newLevel being close to or
+         * the exact level that is expected after a full propagation has occured.
+         */
+        public void onLevelUpdate(final long coordinate, final byte oldLevel, final byte newLevel);
+
+    }
+
+    protected final LevelChangeCallback changeCallback;
+
+    public Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D() {
+        this(null);
+    }
+
+    public Delayed26WayDistancePropagator3D(final LevelChangeCallback changeCallback) {
+        this.changeCallback = changeCallback;
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel(final long pos) {
+        return this.levels.get(pos);
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return this.levels.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(x, y, z));
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(final int x, final int y, final int z, final int level) {
+        this.setSource(CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(x, y, z), level);
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(final long coordinate, final int level) {
+        if ((level & 63) != level || level == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Level must be in (0, 63], not " + level);
+        }
+
+        final byte byteLevel = (byte)level;
+        final byte oldLevel = this.sources.put(coordinate, byteLevel);
+
+        if (oldLevel == byteLevel) {
+            return; // nothing to do
+        }
+
+        // queue to update later
+        this.updatedSources.add(coordinate);
+    }
+
+    public void removeSource(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        this.removeSource(CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(x, y, z));
+    }
+
+    public void removeSource(final long coordinate) {
+        if (this.sources.remove(coordinate) != 0) {
+            this.updatedSources.add(coordinate);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // queues used for BFS propagating levels
+    protected final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue[] levelIncreaseWorkQueues = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue[64];
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues.length; ++i) {
+            this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[i] = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue();
+        }
+    }
+    protected final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue[] levelRemoveWorkQueues = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue[64];
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.levelRemoveWorkQueues.length; ++i) {
+            this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[i] = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue();
+        }
+    }
+    protected long levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset;
+    protected long levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset;
+
+    protected final void addToIncreaseWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte level) {
+        final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[level];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << level);
+    }
+
+    protected final void addToIncreaseWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte index, final byte level) {
+        final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[index];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << index);
+    }
+
+    protected final void addToRemoveWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte level) {
+        final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[level];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << level);
+    }
+
+    public boolean propagateUpdates() {
+        if (this.updatedSources.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        boolean ret = false;
+
+        for (final LongIterator iterator = this.updatedSources.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final long coordinate = iterator.nextLong();
+
+            final byte currentLevel = this.levels.get(coordinate);
+            final byte updatedSource = this.sources.get(coordinate);
+
+            if (currentLevel == updatedSource) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            ret = true;
+
+            if (updatedSource > currentLevel) {
+                // level increase
+                this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, updatedSource);
+            } else {
+                // level decrease
+                this.addToRemoveWorkQueue(coordinate, currentLevel);
+                // if the current coordinate is a source, then the decrease propagation will detect that and queue
+                // the source propagation
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.updatedSources.clear();
+
+        // propagate source level increases first for performance reasons (in crowded areas hopefully the additions
+        // make the removes remove less)
+        this.propagateIncreases();
+
+        // now we propagate the decreases (which will then re-propagate clobbered sources)
+        this.propagateDecreases();
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateIncreases() {
+        for (int queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset);
+             this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset != 0L;
+             this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset ^= (1L << queueIndex), queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset)) {
+
+            final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[queueIndex];
+            while (!queue.queuedLevels.isEmpty()) {
+                final long coordinate = queue.queuedCoordinates.removeFirstLong();
+                byte level = queue.queuedLevels.removeFirstByte();
+
+                final boolean neighbourCheck = level < 0;
+
+                final byte currentLevel;
+                if (neighbourCheck) {
+                    level = (byte)-level;
+                    currentLevel = this.levels.get(coordinate);
+                } else {
+                    currentLevel = this.levels.putIfGreater(coordinate, level);
+                }
+
+                if (neighbourCheck) {
+                    // used when propagating from decrease to indicate that this level needs to check its neighbours
+                    // this means the level at coordinate could be equal, but would still need neighbours checked
+
+                    if (currentLevel != level) {
+                        // something caused the level to change, which means something propagated to it (which means
+                        // us propagating here is redundant), or something removed the level (which means we
+                        // cannot propagate further)
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } else if (currentLevel >= level) {
+                    // something higher/equal propagated
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (this.changeCallback != null) {
+                    this.changeCallback.onLevelUpdate(coordinate, currentLevel, level);
+                }
+
+                if (level == 1) {
+                    // can't propagate 0 to neighbours
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // propagate to neighbours
+                final byte neighbourLevel = (byte)(level - 1);
+                final int x = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionX(coordinate);
+                final int y = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionY(coordinate);
+                final int z = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionZ(coordinate);
+
+                for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; ++dy) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                            if ((dy | dz | dx) == 0) {
+                                // already propagated to coordinate
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // sure we can check the neighbour level in the map right now and avoid a propagation,
+                            // but then we would still have to recheck it when popping the value off of the queue!
+                            // so just avoid the double lookup
+                            final long neighbourCoordinate = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(dx + x, dy + y, dz + z);
+                            this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(neighbourCoordinate, neighbourLevel);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateDecreases() {
+        for (int queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset);
+             this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset != 0L;
+             this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset ^= (1L << queueIndex), queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset)) {
+
+            final Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.WorkQueue queue = this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[queueIndex];
+            while (!queue.queuedLevels.isEmpty()) {
+                final long coordinate = queue.queuedCoordinates.removeFirstLong();
+                final byte level = queue.queuedLevels.removeFirstByte();
+
+                final byte currentLevel = this.levels.removeIfGreaterOrEqual(coordinate, level);
+                if (currentLevel == 0) {
+                    // something else removed
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (currentLevel > level) {
+                    // something higher propagated here or we hit the propagation of another source
+                    // in the second case we need to re-propagate because we could have just clobbered another source's
+                    // propagation
+                    this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, currentLevel, (byte)-currentLevel); // indicate to the increase code that the level's neighbours need checking
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (this.changeCallback != null) {
+                    this.changeCallback.onLevelUpdate(coordinate, currentLevel, (byte)0);
+                }
+
+                final byte source = this.sources.get(coordinate);
+                if (source != 0) {
+                    // must re-propagate source later
+                    this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, source);
+                }
+
+                if (level == 0) {
+                    // can't propagate -1 to neighbours
+                    // we have to check neighbours for removing 1 just in case the neighbour is 2
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // propagate to neighbours
+                final byte neighbourLevel = (byte)(level - 1);
+                final int x = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionX(coordinate);
+                final int y = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionY(coordinate);
+                final int z = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionZ(coordinate);
+
+                for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; ++dy) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                            if ((dy | dz | dx) == 0) {
+                                // already propagated to coordinate
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // sure we can check the neighbour level in the map right now and avoid a propagation,
+                            // but then we would still have to recheck it when popping the value off of the queue!
+                            // so just avoid the double lookup
+                            final long neighbourCoordinate = CoordinateUtils.getChunkSectionKey(dx + x, dy + y, dz + z);
+                            this.addToRemoveWorkQueue(neighbourCoordinate, neighbourLevel);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // propagate sources we clobbered in the process
+        this.propagateIncreases();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..808d1449ac44ae86a650932365081fbaf178d141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/misc/Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D.java
@@ -0,0 +1,718 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util.misc;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.HashCommon;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.bytes.ByteArrayFIFOQueue;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ByteOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayFIFOQueue;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongIterator;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongLinkedOpenHashSet;
+import io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil;
+
+public final class Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D {
+
+    // Test
+    /*
+    protected static void test(int x, int z, com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.DistanceTrackingAreaMap<Ticket> reference, Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D test) {
+        int got = test.getLevel(x, z);
+
+        int expect = 0;
+        Object[] nearest = reference.getObjectsInRange(x, z) == null ? null : reference.getObjectsInRange(x, z).getBackingSet();
+        if (nearest != null) {
+            for (Object _obj : nearest) {
+                if (_obj instanceof Ticket) {
+                    Ticket ticket = (Ticket)_obj;
+                    long ticketCoord = reference.getLastCoordinate(ticket);
+                    int viewDistance = reference.getLastViewDistance(ticket);
+                    int distance = Math.max(com.destroystokyo.paper.util.math.IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(MCUtil.getCoordinateX(ticketCoord) - x),
+                            com.destroystokyo.paper.util.math.IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(MCUtil.getCoordinateZ(ticketCoord) - z));
+                    int level = viewDistance - distance;
+                    if (level > expect) {
+                        expect = level;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (expect != got) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Expected " + expect + " at pos (" + x + "," + z + ") but got " + got);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class Ticket {
+
+        int x;
+        int z;
+
+        final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<Ticket> empty
+                = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(this);
+
+    }
+
+    public static void main(final String[] args) {
+        com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.DistanceTrackingAreaMap<Ticket> reference = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.DistanceTrackingAreaMap<Ticket>() {
+            @Override
+            protected com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<Ticket> getEmptySetFor(Ticket object) {
+                return object.empty;
+            }
+        };
+        Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D test = new Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D();
+
+        final int maxDistance = 64;
+        // test origin
+        {
+            Ticket originTicket = new Ticket();
+            int originDistance = 31;
+            // test single source
+            reference.add(originTicket, 0, 0, originDistance);
+            test.setSource(0, 0, originDistance); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -originDistance; dx <= originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -originDistance; dz <= originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+            // test single source decrease
+            reference.update(originTicket, 0, 0, originDistance/2);
+            test.setSource(0, 0, originDistance/2); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -originDistance; dx <= originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -originDistance; dz <= originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+            // test source increase
+            originDistance = 2*originDistance;
+            reference.update(originTicket, 0, 0, originDistance);
+            test.setSource(0, 0, originDistance); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -4*originDistance; dx <= 4*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -4*originDistance; dz <= 4*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            reference.remove(originTicket);
+            test.removeSource(0, 0); test.propagateUpdates();
+        }
+
+        // test multiple sources at origin
+        {
+            int originDistance = 31;
+            java.util.List<Ticket> list = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+                Ticket a = new Ticket();
+                list.add(a);
+                a.x = (i & 1) == 1 ? -i : i;
+                a.z = (i & 1) == 1 ? -i : i;
+            }
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.add(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -8*originDistance; dx <= 8*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -8*originDistance; dz <= 8*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket level decrease
+
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.update(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance/2);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance/2);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -8*originDistance; dx <= 8*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -8*originDistance; dz <= 8*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket level increase
+
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.update(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance*2);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance*2);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -16*originDistance; dx <= 16*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -16*originDistance; dz <= 16*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket remove
+            for (int i = 0, len = list.size(); i < len; ++i) {
+                if ((i & 3) != 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Ticket ticket = list.get(i);
+                reference.remove(ticket);
+                test.removeSource(ticket.x, ticket.z);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -16*originDistance; dx <= 16*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -16*originDistance; dz <= 16*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // now test at coordinate offsets
+        // test offset
+        {
+            Ticket originTicket = new Ticket();
+            int originDistance = 31;
+            int offX = 54432;
+            int offZ = -134567;
+            // test single source
+            reference.add(originTicket, offX, offZ, originDistance);
+            test.setSource(offX, offZ, originDistance); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -originDistance; dx <= originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -originDistance; dz <= originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx + offX, dz + offZ, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+            // test single source decrease
+            reference.update(originTicket, offX, offZ, originDistance/2);
+            test.setSource(offX, offZ, originDistance/2); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -originDistance; dx <= originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -originDistance; dz <= originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx + offX, dz + offZ, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+            // test source increase
+            originDistance = 2*originDistance;
+            reference.update(originTicket, offX, offZ, originDistance);
+            test.setSource(offX, offZ, originDistance); test.propagateUpdates(); // set and propagate
+            for (int dx = -4*originDistance; dx <= 4*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -4*originDistance; dz <= 4*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx + offX, dz + offZ, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            reference.remove(originTicket);
+            test.removeSource(offX, offZ); test.propagateUpdates();
+        }
+
+        // test multiple sources at origin
+        {
+            int originDistance = 31;
+            int offX = 54432;
+            int offZ = -134567;
+            java.util.List<Ticket> list = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+                Ticket a = new Ticket();
+                list.add(a);
+                a.x = offX + ((i & 1) == 1 ? -i : i);
+                a.z = offZ + ((i & 1) == 1 ? -i : i);
+            }
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.add(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -8*originDistance; dx <= 8*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -8*originDistance; dz <= 8*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket level decrease
+
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.update(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance/2);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance/2);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -8*originDistance; dx <= 8*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -8*originDistance; dz <= 8*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket level increase
+
+            for (Ticket ticket : list) {
+                reference.update(ticket, ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance*2);
+                test.setSource(ticket.x, ticket.z, originDistance*2);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -16*originDistance; dx <= 16*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -16*originDistance; dz <= 16*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // test ticket remove
+            for (int i = 0, len = list.size(); i < len; ++i) {
+                if ((i & 3) != 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Ticket ticket = list.get(i);
+                reference.remove(ticket);
+                test.removeSource(ticket.x, ticket.z);
+            }
+            test.propagateUpdates();
+
+            for (int dx = -16*originDistance; dx <= 16*originDistance; ++dx) {
+                for (int dz = -16*originDistance; dz <= 16*originDistance; ++dz) {
+                    test(dx, dz, reference, test);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+     */
+
+    // this map is considered "stale" unless updates are propagated.
+    protected final LevelMap levels = new LevelMap(8192*2, 0.6f);
+
+    // this map is never stale
+    protected final Long2ByteOpenHashMap sources = new Long2ByteOpenHashMap(4096, 0.6f);
+
+    // Generally updates to positions are made close to other updates, so we link to decrease cache misses when
+    // propagating updates
+    protected final LongLinkedOpenHashSet updatedSources = new LongLinkedOpenHashSet();
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    public static interface LevelChangeCallback {
+
+        /**
+         * This can be called for intermediate updates. So do not rely on newLevel being close to or
+         * the exact level that is expected after a full propagation has occured.
+         */
+        public void onLevelUpdate(final long coordinate, final byte oldLevel, final byte newLevel);
+
+    }
+
+    protected final LevelChangeCallback changeCallback;
+
+    public Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D() {
+        this(null);
+    }
+
+    public Delayed8WayDistancePropagator2D(final LevelChangeCallback changeCallback) {
+        this.changeCallback = changeCallback;
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel(final long pos) {
+        return this.levels.get(pos);
+    }
+
+    public int getLevel(final int x, final int z) {
+        return this.levels.get(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x, z));
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(final int x, final int z, final int level) {
+        this.setSource(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x, z), level);
+    }
+
+    public void setSource(final long coordinate, final int level) {
+        if ((level & 63) != level || level == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Level must be in (0, 63], not " + level);
+        }
+
+        final byte byteLevel = (byte)level;
+        final byte oldLevel = this.sources.put(coordinate, byteLevel);
+
+        if (oldLevel == byteLevel) {
+            return; // nothing to do
+        }
+
+        // queue to update later
+        this.updatedSources.add(coordinate);
+    }
+
+    public void removeSource(final int x, final int z) {
+        this.removeSource(MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x, z));
+    }
+
+    public void removeSource(final long coordinate) {
+        if (this.sources.remove(coordinate) != 0) {
+            this.updatedSources.add(coordinate);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // queues used for BFS propagating levels
+    protected final WorkQueue[] levelIncreaseWorkQueues = new WorkQueue[64];
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues.length; ++i) {
+            this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[i] = new WorkQueue();
+        }
+    }
+    protected final WorkQueue[] levelRemoveWorkQueues = new WorkQueue[64];
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < this.levelRemoveWorkQueues.length; ++i) {
+            this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[i] = new WorkQueue();
+        }
+    }
+    protected long levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset;
+    protected long levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset;
+
+    protected final void addToIncreaseWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte level) {
+        final WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[level];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << level);
+    }
+
+    protected final void addToIncreaseWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte index, final byte level) {
+        final WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[index];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << index);
+    }
+
+    protected final void addToRemoveWorkQueue(final long coordinate, final byte level) {
+        final WorkQueue queue = this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[level];
+        queue.queuedCoordinates.enqueue(coordinate);
+        queue.queuedLevels.enqueue(level);
+
+        this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset |= (1L << level);
+    }
+
+    public boolean propagateUpdates() {
+        if (this.updatedSources.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        boolean ret = false;
+
+        for (final LongIterator iterator = this.updatedSources.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+            final long coordinate = iterator.nextLong();
+
+            final byte currentLevel = this.levels.get(coordinate);
+            final byte updatedSource = this.sources.get(coordinate);
+
+            if (currentLevel == updatedSource) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            ret = true;
+
+            if (updatedSource > currentLevel) {
+                // level increase
+                this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, updatedSource);
+            } else {
+                // level decrease
+                this.addToRemoveWorkQueue(coordinate, currentLevel);
+                // if the current coordinate is a source, then the decrease propagation will detect that and queue
+                // the source propagation
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.updatedSources.clear();
+
+        // propagate source level increases first for performance reasons (in crowded areas hopefully the additions
+        // make the removes remove less)
+        this.propagateIncreases();
+
+        // now we propagate the decreases (which will then re-propagate clobbered sources)
+        this.propagateDecreases();
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateIncreases() {
+        for (int queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset);
+             this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset != 0L;
+             this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset ^= (1L << queueIndex), queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelIncreaseWorkQueueBitset)) {
+
+            final WorkQueue queue = this.levelIncreaseWorkQueues[queueIndex];
+            while (!queue.queuedLevels.isEmpty()) {
+                final long coordinate = queue.queuedCoordinates.removeFirstLong();
+                byte level = queue.queuedLevels.removeFirstByte();
+
+                final boolean neighbourCheck = level < 0;
+
+                final byte currentLevel;
+                if (neighbourCheck) {
+                    level = (byte)-level;
+                    currentLevel = this.levels.get(coordinate);
+                } else {
+                    currentLevel = this.levels.putIfGreater(coordinate, level);
+                }
+
+                if (neighbourCheck) {
+                    // used when propagating from decrease to indicate that this level needs to check its neighbours
+                    // this means the level at coordinate could be equal, but would still need neighbours checked
+
+                    if (currentLevel != level) {
+                        // something caused the level to change, which means something propagated to it (which means
+                        // us propagating here is redundant), or something removed the level (which means we
+                        // cannot propagate further)
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } else if (currentLevel >= level) {
+                    // something higher/equal propagated
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (this.changeCallback != null) {
+                    this.changeCallback.onLevelUpdate(coordinate, currentLevel, level);
+                }
+
+                if (level == 1) {
+                    // can't propagate 0 to neighbours
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // propagate to neighbours
+                final byte neighbourLevel = (byte)(level - 1);
+                final int x = (int)coordinate;
+                final int z = (int)(coordinate >>> 32);
+
+                for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        if ((dx | dz) == 0) {
+                            // already propagated to coordinate
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // sure we can check the neighbour level in the map right now and avoid a propagation,
+                        // but then we would still have to recheck it when popping the value off of the queue!
+                        // so just avoid the double lookup
+                        final long neighbourCoordinate = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x + dx, z + dz);
+                        this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(neighbourCoordinate, neighbourLevel);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void propagateDecreases() {
+        for (int queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset);
+             this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset != 0L;
+             this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset ^= (1L << queueIndex), queueIndex = 63 ^ Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(this.levelRemoveWorkQueueBitset)) {
+
+            final WorkQueue queue = this.levelRemoveWorkQueues[queueIndex];
+            while (!queue.queuedLevels.isEmpty()) {
+                final long coordinate = queue.queuedCoordinates.removeFirstLong();
+                final byte level = queue.queuedLevels.removeFirstByte();
+
+                final byte currentLevel = this.levels.removeIfGreaterOrEqual(coordinate, level);
+                if (currentLevel == 0) {
+                    // something else removed
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (currentLevel > level) {
+                    // something higher propagated here or we hit the propagation of another source
+                    // in the second case we need to re-propagate because we could have just clobbered another source's
+                    // propagation
+                    this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, currentLevel, (byte)-currentLevel); // indicate to the increase code that the level's neighbours need checking
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (this.changeCallback != null) {
+                    this.changeCallback.onLevelUpdate(coordinate, currentLevel, (byte)0);
+                }
+
+                final byte source = this.sources.get(coordinate);
+                if (source != 0) {
+                    // must re-propagate source later
+                    this.addToIncreaseWorkQueue(coordinate, source);
+                }
+
+                if (level == 0) {
+                    // can't propagate -1 to neighbours
+                    // we have to check neighbours for removing 1 just in case the neighbour is 2
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // propagate to neighbours
+                final byte neighbourLevel = (byte)(level - 1);
+                final int x = (int)coordinate;
+                final int z = (int)(coordinate >>> 32);
+
+                for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        if ((dx | dz) == 0) {
+                            // already propagated to coordinate
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // sure we can check the neighbour level in the map right now and avoid a propagation,
+                        // but then we would still have to recheck it when popping the value off of the queue!
+                        // so just avoid the double lookup
+                        final long neighbourCoordinate = MCUtil.getCoordinateKey(x + dx, z + dz);
+                        this.addToRemoveWorkQueue(neighbourCoordinate, neighbourLevel);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // propagate sources we clobbered in the process
+        this.propagateIncreases();
+    }
+
+    protected static final class LevelMap extends Long2ByteOpenHashMap {
+        public LevelMap() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        public LevelMap(final int expected, final float loadFactor) {
+            super(expected, loadFactor);
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        private int find(final long k) {
+            if (k == 0L) {
+                return this.containsNullKey ? this.n : -(this.n + 1);
+            } else {
+                final long[] key = this.key;
+                long curr;
+                int pos;
+                if ((curr = key[pos = (int)HashCommon.mix(k) & this.mask]) == 0L) {
+                    return -(pos + 1);
+                } else if (k == curr) {
+                    return pos;
+                } else {
+                    while((curr = key[pos = pos + 1 & this.mask]) != 0L) {
+                        if (k == curr) {
+                            return pos;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return -(pos + 1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        private void insert(final int pos, final long k, final byte v) {
+            if (pos == this.n) {
+                this.containsNullKey = true;
+            }
+
+            this.key[pos] = k;
+            this.value[pos] = v;
+            if (this.size++ >= this.maxFill) {
+                this.rehash(HashCommon.arraySize(this.size + 1, this.f));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        public byte putIfGreater(final long key, final byte value) {
+            final int pos = this.find(key);
+            if (pos < 0) {
+                if (this.defRetValue < value) {
+                    this.insert(-pos - 1, key, value);
+                }
+                return this.defRetValue;
+            } else {
+                final byte curr = this.value[pos];
+                if (value > curr) {
+                    this.value[pos] = value;
+                    return curr;
+                }
+                return curr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        private void removeEntry(final int pos) {
+            --this.size;
+            this.shiftKeys(pos);
+            if (this.n > this.minN && this.size < this.maxFill / 4 && this.n > 16) {
+                this.rehash(this.n / 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        private void removeNullEntry() {
+            this.containsNullKey = false;
+            --this.size;
+            if (this.n > this.minN && this.size < this.maxFill / 4 && this.n > 16) {
+                this.rehash(this.n / 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // copied from superclass
+        public byte removeIfGreaterOrEqual(final long key, final byte value) {
+            if (key == 0L) {
+                if (!this.containsNullKey) {
+                    return this.defRetValue;
+                }
+                final byte current = this.value[this.n];
+                if (value >= current) {
+                    this.removeNullEntry();
+                    return current;
+                }
+                return current;
+            } else {
+                long[] keys = this.key;
+                byte[] values = this.value;
+                long curr;
+                int pos;
+                if ((curr = keys[pos = (int)HashCommon.mix(key) & this.mask]) == 0L) {
+                    return this.defRetValue;
+                } else if (key == curr) {
+                    final byte current = values[pos];
+                    if (value >= current) {
+                        this.removeEntry(pos);
+                        return current;
+                    }
+                    return current;
+                } else {
+                    while((curr = keys[pos = pos + 1 & this.mask]) != 0L) {
+                        if (key == curr) {
+                            final byte current = values[pos];
+                            if (value >= current) {
+                                this.removeEntry(pos);
+                                return current;
+                            }
+                            return current;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return this.defRetValue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static final class WorkQueue {
+
+        public final NoResizeLongArrayFIFODeque queuedCoordinates = new NoResizeLongArrayFIFODeque();
+        public final NoResizeByteArrayFIFODeque queuedLevels = new NoResizeByteArrayFIFODeque();
+
+    }
+
+    protected static final class NoResizeLongArrayFIFODeque extends LongArrayFIFOQueue {
+
+        /**
+         * Assumes non-empty. If empty, undefined behaviour.
+         */
+        public long removeFirstLong() {
+            // copied from superclass
+            long t = this.array[this.start];
+            if (++this.start == this.length) {
+                this.start = 0;
+            }
+
+            return t;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static final class NoResizeByteArrayFIFODeque extends ByteArrayFIFOQueue {
+
+        /**
+         * Assumes non-empty. If empty, undefined behaviour.
+         */
+        public byte removeFirstByte() {
+            // copied from superclass
+            byte t = this.array[this.start];
+            if (++this.start == this.length) {
+                this.start = 0;
+            }
+
+            return t;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/player/NearbyPlayers.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/player/NearbyPlayers.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3ce8a42dddd76b7189ad5685b23f9d9f8ccadb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/player/NearbyPlayers.java
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util.player;
+
+import com.destroystokyo.paper.util.maplist.ReferenceList;
+import io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem;
+import io.papermc.paper.util.CoordinateUtils;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ReferenceOpenHashMap;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.Reference2ReferenceOpenHashMap;
+import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
+
+public final class NearbyPlayers {
+
+    public static enum NearbyMapType {
+        GENERAL,
+        GENERAL_SMALL,
+        GENERAL_REALLY_SMALL,
+        TICK_VIEW_DISTANCE,
+        VIEW_DISTANCE;
+    }
+
+    private static final NearbyMapType[] MOB_TYPES = NearbyMapType.values();
+    public static final int TOTAL_MAP_TYPES = MOB_TYPES.length;
+
+    private static final int GENERAL_AREA_VIEW_DISTANCE = 33;
+    private static final int GENERAL_SMALL_VIEW_DISTANCE = 10;
+    private static final int GENERAL_REALLY_SMALL_VIEW_DISTANCE = 3;
+
+    public static final int GENERAL_AREA_VIEW_DISTANCE_BLOCKS = (GENERAL_AREA_VIEW_DISTANCE << 4);
+    public static final int GENERAL_SMALL_AREA_VIEW_DISTANCE_BLOCKS = (GENERAL_SMALL_VIEW_DISTANCE << 4);
+    public static final int GENERAL_REALLY_SMALL_AREA_VIEW_DISTANCE_BLOCKS = (GENERAL_REALLY_SMALL_VIEW_DISTANCE << 4);
+
+    private final ServerLevel world;
+    private final Reference2ReferenceOpenHashMap<ServerPlayer, TrackedPlayer[]> players = new Reference2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
+    private final Long2ReferenceOpenHashMap<TrackedChunk> byChunk = new Long2ReferenceOpenHashMap<>();
+
+    public NearbyPlayers(final ServerLevel world) {
+        this.world = world;
+    }
+
+    public void addPlayer(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        final TrackedPlayer[] newTrackers = new TrackedPlayer[TOTAL_MAP_TYPES];
+        if (this.players.putIfAbsent(player, newTrackers) != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already have player " + player);
+        }
+
+        final ChunkPos chunk = player.chunkPosition();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL_MAP_TYPES; ++i) {
+            // use 0 for default, will be updated by tickPlayer
+            (newTrackers[i] = new TrackedPlayer(player, MOB_TYPES[i])).add(chunk.x, chunk.z, 0);
+        }
+
+        // update view distances
+        this.tickPlayer(player);
+    }
+
+    public void removePlayer(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        final TrackedPlayer[] players = this.players.remove(player);
+        if (players == null) {
+            return; // May be called during teleportation before the player is actually placed
+        }
+
+        for (final TrackedPlayer tracker : players) {
+            tracker.remove();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void tickPlayer(final ServerPlayer player) {
+        final TrackedPlayer[] players = this.players.get(player);
+        if (players == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Don't have player " + player);
+        }
+
+        final ChunkPos chunk = player.chunkPosition();
+
+        players[NearbyMapType.GENERAL.ordinal()].update(chunk.x, chunk.z, GENERAL_AREA_VIEW_DISTANCE);
+        players[NearbyMapType.GENERAL_SMALL.ordinal()].update(chunk.x, chunk.z, GENERAL_SMALL_VIEW_DISTANCE);
+        players[NearbyMapType.GENERAL_REALLY_SMALL.ordinal()].update(chunk.x, chunk.z, GENERAL_REALLY_SMALL_VIEW_DISTANCE);
+        players[NearbyMapType.TICK_VIEW_DISTANCE.ordinal()].update(chunk.x, chunk.z, ChunkSystem.getTickViewDistance(player));
+        players[NearbyMapType.VIEW_DISTANCE.ordinal()].update(chunk.x, chunk.z, ChunkSystem.getLoadViewDistance(player));
+    }
+
+    public TrackedChunk getChunk(final ChunkPos pos) {
+        return this.byChunk.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(pos));
+    }
+
+    public TrackedChunk getChunk(final BlockPos pos) {
+        return this.byChunk.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(pos));
+    }
+
+    public ReferenceList<ServerPlayer> getPlayers(final BlockPos pos, final NearbyMapType type) {
+        final TrackedChunk chunk = this.byChunk.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(pos));
+
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.players[type.ordinal()];
+    }
+
+    public ReferenceList<ServerPlayer> getPlayers(final ChunkPos pos, final NearbyMapType type) {
+        final TrackedChunk chunk = this.byChunk.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(pos));
+
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.players[type.ordinal()];
+    }
+
+    public ReferenceList<ServerPlayer> getPlayersByChunk(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final NearbyMapType type) {
+        final TrackedChunk chunk = this.byChunk.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.players[type.ordinal()];
+    }
+
+    public ReferenceList<ServerPlayer> getPlayersByBlock(final int blockX, final int blockZ, final NearbyMapType type) {
+        final TrackedChunk chunk = this.byChunk.get(CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(blockX >> 4, blockZ >> 4));
+
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.players[type.ordinal()];
+    }
+
+    public static final class TrackedChunk {
+
+        public final ReferenceList<ServerPlayer>[] players = new ReferenceList[TOTAL_MAP_TYPES];
+        private int nonEmptyLists;
+        private int updateCount;
+
+        public boolean isEmpty() {
+            return this.nonEmptyLists == 0;
+        }
+
+        public int getUpdateCount() {
+            return this.updateCount;
+        }
+
+        public ReferenceList<ServerPlayer> getPlayers(final NearbyMapType type) {
+            return this.players[type.ordinal()];
+        }
+
+        public void addPlayer(final ServerPlayer player, final NearbyMapType type) {
+            ++this.updateCount;
+            final int idx = type.ordinal();
+            final ReferenceList<ServerPlayer> list = this.players[idx];
+            if (list == null) {
+                ++this.nonEmptyLists;
+                (this.players[idx] = new ReferenceList<>()).add(player);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!list.add(player)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Already contains player " + player);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void removePlayer(final ServerPlayer player, final NearbyMapType type) {
+            ++this.updateCount;
+            final int idx = type.ordinal();
+            final ReferenceList<ServerPlayer> list = this.players[idx];
+            if (list == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Does not contain player " + player);
+            }
+
+            if (!list.remove(player)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Does not contain player " + player);
+            }
+
+            if (list.size() == 0) {
+                this.players[idx] = null;
+                --this.nonEmptyLists;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class TrackedPlayer extends SingleUserAreaMap<ServerPlayer> {
+
+        final NearbyMapType type;
+
+        public TrackedPlayer(final ServerPlayer player, final NearbyMapType type) {
+            super(player);
+            this.type = type;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void addCallback(final ServerPlayer parameter, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+            final long chunkKey = CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+            NearbyPlayers.this.byChunk.computeIfAbsent(chunkKey, (final long keyInMap) -> {
+                return new TrackedChunk();
+            }).addPlayer(parameter, this.type);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void removeCallback(final ServerPlayer parameter, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ) {
+            final long chunkKey = CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ);
+
+            final TrackedChunk chunk = NearbyPlayers.this.byChunk.get(chunkKey);
+            if (chunk == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Chunk should exist at " + new ChunkPos(chunkKey));
+            }
+
+            chunk.removePlayer(parameter, this.type);
+
+            if (chunk.isEmpty()) {
+                NearbyPlayers.this.byChunk.remove(chunkKey);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/player/SingleUserAreaMap.java b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/player/SingleUserAreaMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d603887f4d0464f4463172fd79bcd5298d54983e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/io/papermc/paper/util/player/SingleUserAreaMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+package io.papermc.paper.util.player;
+
+import io.papermc.paper.util.IntegerUtil;
+
+public abstract class SingleUserAreaMap<T> {
+
+    private static final int NOT_SET = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+
+    private final T parameter;
+    private int lastChunkX = NOT_SET;
+    private int lastChunkZ = NOT_SET;
+    private int distance = NOT_SET;
+
+    public SingleUserAreaMap(final T parameter) {
+        this.parameter = parameter;
+    }
+
+    /* math sign function except 0 returns 1 */
+    protected static int sign(int val) {
+        return 1 | (val >> (Integer.SIZE - 1));
+    }
+
+    protected abstract void addCallback(final T parameter, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ);
+
+    protected abstract void removeCallback(final T parameter, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ);
+
+    private void addToNew(final T parameter, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int distance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + distance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + distance;
+
+        for (int cx = chunkX - distance; cx <= maxX; ++cx) {
+            for (int cz = chunkZ - distance; cz <= maxZ; ++cz) {
+                this.addCallback(parameter, cx, cz);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeFromOld(final T parameter, final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int distance) {
+        final int maxX = chunkX + distance;
+        final int maxZ = chunkZ + distance;
+
+        for (int cx = chunkX - distance; cx <= maxX; ++cx) {
+            for (int cz = chunkZ - distance; cz <= maxZ; ++cz) {
+                this.removeCallback(parameter, cx, cz);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final boolean add(final int chunkX, final int chunkZ, final int distance) {
+        if (distance < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(Integer.toString(distance));
+        }
+        if (this.lastChunkX != NOT_SET) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        this.lastChunkX = chunkX;
+        this.lastChunkZ = chunkZ;
+        this.distance = distance;
+
+        this.addToNew(this.parameter, chunkX, chunkZ, distance);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean update(final int toX, final int toZ, final int newViewDistance) {
+        if (newViewDistance < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(Integer.toString(newViewDistance));
+        }
+        final int fromX = this.lastChunkX;
+        final int fromZ = this.lastChunkZ;
+        final int oldViewDistance = this.distance;
+        if (fromX == NOT_SET) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        this.lastChunkX = toX;
+        this.lastChunkZ = toZ;
+        this.distance = newViewDistance;
+
+        final T parameter = this.parameter;
+
+
+        final int dx = toX - fromX;
+        final int dz = toZ - fromZ;
+
+        final int totalX = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromX - toX);
+        final int totalZ = IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(fromZ - toZ);
+
+        if (Math.max(totalX, totalZ) > (2 * Math.max(newViewDistance, oldViewDistance))) {
+            // teleported?
+            this.removeFromOld(parameter, fromX, fromZ, oldViewDistance);
+            this.addToNew(parameter, toX, toZ, newViewDistance);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (oldViewDistance != newViewDistance) {
+            // remove loop
+
+            final int oldMinX = fromX - oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMinZ = fromZ - oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMaxX = fromX + oldViewDistance;
+            final int oldMaxZ = fromZ + oldViewDistance;
+            for (int currX = oldMinX; currX <= oldMaxX; ++currX) {
+                for (int currZ = oldMinZ; currZ <= oldMaxZ; ++currZ) {
+
+                    // only remove if we're outside the new view distance...
+                    if (Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currX - toX), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currZ - toZ)) > newViewDistance) {
+                        this.removeCallback(parameter, currX, currZ);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // add loop
+
+            final int newMinX = toX - newViewDistance;
+            final int newMinZ = toZ - newViewDistance;
+            final int newMaxX = toX + newViewDistance;
+            final int newMaxZ = toZ + newViewDistance;
+            for (int currX = newMinX; currX <= newMaxX; ++currX) {
+                for (int currZ = newMinZ; currZ <= newMaxZ; ++currZ) {
+
+                    // only add if we're outside the old view distance...
+                    if (Math.max(IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currX - fromX), IntegerUtil.branchlessAbs(currZ - fromZ)) > oldViewDistance) {
+                        this.addCallback(parameter, currX, currZ);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // x axis is width
+        // z axis is height
+        // right refers to the x axis of where we moved
+        // top refers to the z axis of where we moved
+
+        // same view distance
+
+        // used for relative positioning
+        final int up = sign(dz); // 1 if dz >= 0, -1 otherwise
+        final int right = sign(dx); // 1 if dx >= 0, -1 otherwise
+
+        // The area excluded by overlapping the two view distance squares creates four rectangles:
+        // Two on the left, and two on the right. The ones on the left we consider the "removed" section
+        // and on the right the "added" section.
+        // https://i.imgur.com/MrnOBgI.png is a reference image. Note that the outside border is not actually
+        // exclusive to the regions they surround.
+
+        // 4 points of the rectangle
+        int maxX; // exclusive
+        int minX; // inclusive
+        int maxZ; // exclusive
+        int minZ; // inclusive
+
+        if (dx != 0) {
+            // handle right addition
+
+            maxX = toX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = fromX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // inclusive
+            maxZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.addCallback(parameter, currX, currZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dz != 0) {
+            // handle up addition
+
+            maxX = toX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = toX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = toZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.addCallback(parameter, currX, currZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dx != 0) {
+            // handle left removal
+
+            maxX = toX - (oldViewDistance * right); // exclusive
+            minX = fromX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = fromZ + (oldViewDistance * up) + up; // exclusive
+            minZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.removeCallback(parameter, currX, currZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dz != 0) {
+            // handle down removal
+
+            maxX = fromX + (oldViewDistance * right) + right; // exclusive
+            minX = fromX - (oldViewDistance * right); // inclusive
+            maxZ = toZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // exclusive
+            minZ = fromZ - (oldViewDistance * up); // inclusive
+
+            for (int currX = minX; currX != maxX; currX += right) {
+                for (int currZ = minZ; currZ != maxZ; currZ += up) {
+                    this.removeCallback(parameter, currX, currZ);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean remove() {
+        final int chunkX = this.lastChunkX;
+        final int chunkZ = this.lastChunkZ;
+        final int distance = this.distance;
+        if (chunkX == NOT_SET) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        this.lastChunkX = this.lastChunkZ = this.distance = NOT_SET;
+
+        this.removeFromOld(this.parameter, chunkX, chunkZ, distance);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/Util.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/Util.java
index 2014fdb15c31b8d5ec520f9a39c973972ceb6060..9d91e7890d8cba72f0aa2ca9661f6de7ae8a0dcd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/Util.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/Util.java
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public class Util {
     }
 
     public static long getNanos() {
-        return timeSource.getAsLong();
+        return System.nanoTime(); // Paper
     }
 
     public static long getEpochMillis() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/nbt/CompoundTag.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/nbt/CompoundTag.java
index 6b588a4e639da11edeb933ec2bc4afde8f0b47f1..1cbc42c44911b71dfadebc2d60e0e5cb9b6cafe6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/nbt/CompoundTag.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/nbt/CompoundTag.java
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public class CompoundTag implements Tag {
             return "TAG_Compound";
         }
     };
-    private final Map<String, Tag> tags;
+    public final Map<String, Tag> tags; // Paper
 
     protected CompoundTag(Map<String, Tag> entries) {
         this.tags = entries;
@@ -235,6 +235,10 @@ public class CompoundTag implements Tag {
         this.tags.put(key, NbtUtils.createUUID(value));
     }
 
+
+    /**
+     * You must use {@link #hasUUID(String)} before or else it <b>will</b> throw an NPE.
+     */
     public UUID getUUID(String key) {
         return NbtUtils.loadUUID(this.get(key));
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/Connection.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/Connection.java
index 7de2bf05e9ab33ded7a6c49efe5e35a232153c2e..256a983c7345902600d52d7b7e3056162275f4c7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/Connection.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/Connection.java
@@ -121,6 +121,18 @@ public class Connection extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Packet<?>> {
     BandwidthDebugMonitor bandwidthDebugMonitor;
     public String hostname = ""; // CraftBukkit - add field
 
+    // Paper start - add utility methods
+    public final net.minecraft.server.level.ServerPlayer getPlayer() {
+        if (this.packetListener instanceof net.minecraft.server.network.ServerGamePacketListenerImpl impl) {
+            return impl.player;
+        } else if (this.packetListener instanceof net.minecraft.server.network.ServerCommonPacketListenerImpl impl) {
+            org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftPlayer player = impl.getCraftPlayer();
+            return player == null ? null : player.getHandle();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    // Paper end - add utility methods
+
     public Connection(PacketFlow side) {
         this.receiving = side;
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/PacketEncoder.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/PacketEncoder.java
index e82263b4b48c4544a5ade6613ea284f4de2b4c80..a58f67973b4ed986065860263c7a42214640520d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/PacketEncoder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/PacketEncoder.java
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class PacketEncoder<T extends PacketListener> extends MessageToByteEncode
 
             JvmProfiler.INSTANCE.onPacketSent(this.protocolInfo.id(), packetType, channelHandlerContext.channel().remoteAddress(), i);
         } catch (Throwable var9) {
-            LOGGER.error("Error sending packet {}", packetType, var9);
+            LOGGER.error("Error sending packet {} (skippable? {})", packetType, packet.isSkippable(), var9);
             if (packet.isSkippable()) {
                 throw new SkipPacketException(var9);
             }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/protocol/login/ClientboundCustomQueryPacket.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/protocol/login/ClientboundCustomQueryPacket.java
index e113cd9d93750cf59712b06db62591876b4efbac..1789c0c71d968b386060bd6dc2630e8a078c32e2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/protocol/login/ClientboundCustomQueryPacket.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/protocol/login/ClientboundCustomQueryPacket.java
@@ -47,4 +47,14 @@ public record ClientboundCustomQueryPacket(int transactionId, CustomQueryPayload
     public void handle(ClientLoginPacketListener listener) {
         listener.handleCustomQuery(this);
     }
+
+    // Paper start - MC Utils - default query payloads
+    public static record PlayerInfoChannelPayload(ResourceLocation id, FriendlyByteBuf buffer) implements CustomQueryPayload {
+
+        @Override
+        public void write(final FriendlyByteBuf buf) {
+            buf.writeBytes(this.buffer.copy());
+        }
+    }
+    // Paper end - MC Utils - default query payloads
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/protocol/login/ServerboundCustomQueryAnswerPacket.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/protocol/login/ServerboundCustomQueryAnswerPacket.java
index 3e5a85a7ad6149b04622c254fbc2e174896a4128..3f662692ed4846e026a9d48595e7b3b22404a031 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/protocol/login/ServerboundCustomQueryAnswerPacket.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/network/protocol/login/ServerboundCustomQueryAnswerPacket.java
@@ -20,7 +20,17 @@ public record ServerboundCustomQueryAnswerPacket(int transactionId, @Nullable Cu
     }
 
     private static CustomQueryAnswerPayload readPayload(int queryId, FriendlyByteBuf buf) {
-        return readUnknownPayload(buf);
+        // Paper start - MC Utils - default query payloads
+        FriendlyByteBuf buffer = buf.readNullable((buf2) -> {
+            int i = buf2.readableBytes();
+            if (i >= 0 && i <= MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
+                return new FriendlyByteBuf(buf2.readBytes(i));
+            } else {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Payload may not be larger than " + MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE + " bytes");
+            }
+        });
+        return buffer == null ? null : new net.minecraft.network.protocol.login.ServerboundCustomQueryAnswerPacket.QueryAnswerPayload(buffer);
+        // Paper end - MC Utils - default query payloads
     }
 
     private static CustomQueryAnswerPayload readUnknownPayload(FriendlyByteBuf buf) {
@@ -47,4 +57,21 @@ public record ServerboundCustomQueryAnswerPacket(int transactionId, @Nullable Cu
     public void handle(ServerLoginPacketListener listener) {
         listener.handleCustomQueryPacket(this);
     }
+
+    // Paper start - MC Utils - default query payloads
+    public static final class QueryAnswerPayload implements CustomQueryAnswerPayload {
+
+        public final FriendlyByteBuf buffer;
+
+        public QueryAnswerPayload(final net.minecraft.network.FriendlyByteBuf buffer) {
+            this.buffer = buffer;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void write(final net.minecraft.network.FriendlyByteBuf buf) {
+            buf.writeBytes(this.buffer.copy());
+        }
+    }
+    // Paper end - MC Utils - default query payloads
+
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
index 9efd8dc1c35dc0a13f5ff3f097386e6e768b3bc0..977275f767c374a1be9055e4aa9e124025d55828 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
@@ -303,6 +303,7 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
     public final double[] recentTps = new double[ 3 ];
     // Spigot end
     public final io.papermc.paper.configuration.PaperConfigurations paperConfigurations; // Paper - add paper configuration files
+    public static long currentTickLong = 0L; // Paper - track current tick as a long
 
     public static <S extends MinecraftServer> S spin(Function<Thread, S> serverFactory) {
         AtomicReference<S> atomicreference = new AtomicReference();
@@ -966,6 +967,9 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
             MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error("Failed to unlock level {}", this.storageSource.getLevelId(), ioexception1);
         }
         // Spigot start
+        io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil.asyncExecutor.shutdown(); // Paper
+        try { io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil.asyncExecutor.awaitTermination(30, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS); // Paper
+        } catch (java.lang.InterruptedException ignored) {} // Paper
         if (org.spigotmc.SpigotConfig.saveUserCacheOnStopOnly) {
             MinecraftServer.LOGGER.info("Saving usercache.json");
             this.getProfileCache().save();
@@ -1039,6 +1043,7 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
                     }
                 }
                 // Spigot start
+                ++MinecraftServer.currentTickLong; // Paper - track current tick as a long
                 if ( tickCount++ % MinecraftServer.SAMPLE_INTERVAL == 0 )
                 {
                     long curTime = Util.getMillis();
@@ -1309,7 +1314,7 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
             MinecraftServer.LOGGER.debug("Autosave finished");
             SpigotTimings.worldSaveTimer.stopTiming(); // Spigot
         }
-
+        io.papermc.paper.util.CachedLists.reset(); // Paper
         this.profiler.push("tallying");
         long j = Util.getNanos() - i;
         int k = this.tickCount % 100;
@@ -1442,6 +1447,11 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer extends ReentrantBlockableEventLoop<TickTa
             try {
                 worldserver.timings.doTick.startTiming(); // Spigot
                 worldserver.tick(shouldKeepTicking);
+                // Paper start
+                for (final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager regionManager : worldserver.getChunkSource().chunkMap.regionManagers) {
+                    regionManager.recalculateRegions();
+                }
+                // Paper end
                 worldserver.timings.doTick.stopTiming(); // Spigot
             } catch (Throwable throwable) {
                 CrashReport crashreport = CrashReport.forThrowable(throwable, "Exception ticking world");
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder.java
index 2119fc6f72461199ae8969ab0d9b8fab26d775a8..b12921579cb9ab3cbf5607841cc84f2f843624ea 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkHolder.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
     private static final List<ChunkStatus> CHUNK_STATUSES = ChunkStatus.getStatusList();
     private final AtomicReferenceArray<CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<ChunkAccess>>> futures;
     private final LevelHeightAccessor levelHeightAccessor;
-    private volatile CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> fullChunkFuture;
-    private volatile CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> tickingChunkFuture;
-    private volatile CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> entityTickingChunkFuture;
+    private volatile CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> fullChunkFuture; private int fullChunkCreateCount; private volatile boolean isFullChunkReady; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
+    private volatile CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> tickingChunkFuture; private volatile boolean isTickingReady; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
+    private volatile CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> entityTickingChunkFuture; private volatile boolean isEntityTickingReady; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
     private CompletableFuture<ChunkAccess> chunkToSave;
     @Nullable
     private final DebugBuffer<ChunkHolder.ChunkSaveDebug> chunkToSaveHistory;
@@ -69,6 +69,18 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
     private CompletableFuture<Void> pendingFullStateConfirmation;
     private CompletableFuture<?> sendSync;
 
+    private final ChunkMap chunkMap; // Paper
+
+    // Paper start
+    public void onChunkAdd() {
+
+    }
+
+    public void onChunkRemove() {
+
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public ChunkHolder(ChunkPos pos, int level, LevelHeightAccessor world, LevelLightEngine lightingProvider, ChunkHolder.LevelChangeListener levelUpdateListener, ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider playersWatchingChunkProvider) {
         this.futures = new AtomicReferenceArray(ChunkHolder.CHUNK_STATUSES.size());
         this.fullChunkFuture = ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK_FUTURE;
@@ -90,8 +102,23 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         this.queueLevel = this.oldTicketLevel;
         this.setTicketLevel(level);
         this.changedBlocksPerSection = new ShortSet[world.getSectionsCount()];
+        this.chunkMap = (ChunkMap)playersWatchingChunkProvider; // Paper
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    public @Nullable ChunkAccess getAvailableChunkNow() {
+        // TODO can we just getStatusFuture(EMPTY)?
+        for (ChunkStatus curr = ChunkStatus.FULL, next = curr.getParent(); curr != next; curr = next, next = next.getParent()) {
+            CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<ChunkAccess>> future = this.getFutureIfPresentUnchecked(curr);
+            ChunkResult<ChunkAccess> either = future.getNow(null);
+            if (either == null || either.isSuccess()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return either.orElseThrow(IllegalStateException::new);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    // Paper end
     // CraftBukkit start
     public LevelChunk getFullChunkNow() {
         // Note: We use the oldTicketLevel for isLoaded checks.
@@ -116,20 +143,20 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         return ChunkLevel.generationStatus(this.ticketLevel).isOrAfter(leastStatus) ? this.getFutureIfPresentUnchecked(leastStatus) : ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_CHUNK_FUTURE;
     }
 
-    public CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> getTickingChunkFuture() {
+    public final CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> getTickingChunkFuture() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.tickingChunkFuture;
     }
 
-    public CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> getEntityTickingChunkFuture() {
+    public final CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> getEntityTickingChunkFuture() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.entityTickingChunkFuture;
     }
 
-    public CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> getFullChunkFuture() {
+    public final CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<LevelChunk>> getFullChunkFuture() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.fullChunkFuture;
     }
 
     @Nullable
-    public LevelChunk getTickingChunk() {
+    public final LevelChunk getTickingChunk() { // Paper - final for inline
         return (LevelChunk) ((ChunkResult) this.getTickingChunkFuture().getNow(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK)).orElse(null); // CraftBukkit - decompile error
     }
 
@@ -156,6 +183,21 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         return null;
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    public @Nullable ChunkStatus getChunkHolderStatus() {
+        for (ChunkStatus curr = ChunkStatus.FULL, next = curr.getParent(); curr != next; curr = next, next = next.getParent()) {
+            CompletableFuture<ChunkResult<ChunkAccess>> future = this.getFutureIfPresentUnchecked(curr);
+            ChunkResult<ChunkAccess> either = future.getNow(null);
+            if (either == null || !either.isSuccess()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return curr;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Nullable
     public ChunkAccess getLastAvailable() {
         for (int i = ChunkHolder.CHUNK_STATUSES.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
@@ -174,7 +216,7 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         return null;
     }
 
-    public CompletableFuture<ChunkAccess> getChunkToSave() {
+    public final CompletableFuture<ChunkAccess> getChunkToSave() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.chunkToSave;
     }
 
@@ -366,11 +408,11 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         return ChunkLevel.fullStatus(this.ticketLevel);
     }
 
-    public ChunkPos getPos() {
+    public final ChunkPos getPos() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.pos;
     }
 
-    public int getTicketLevel() {
+    public final int getTicketLevel() { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.ticketLevel;
     }
 
@@ -457,14 +499,31 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
 
         this.wasAccessibleSinceLastSave |= flag3;
         if (!flag2 && flag3) {
+            int expectCreateCount = ++this.fullChunkCreateCount; // Paper
             this.fullChunkFuture = chunkStorage.prepareAccessibleChunk(this);
             this.scheduleFullChunkPromotion(chunkStorage, this.fullChunkFuture, executor, FullChunkStatus.FULL);
+            // Paper start - cache ticking ready status
+            this.fullChunkFuture.thenAccept(chunkResult -> {
+                chunkResult.ifSuccess(chunk -> {
+                    if (ChunkHolder.this.fullChunkCreateCount == expectCreateCount) {
+                        ChunkHolder.this.isFullChunkReady = true;
+                        io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkBorder(chunk, this);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
             this.updateChunkToSave(this.fullChunkFuture, "full");
         }
 
         if (flag2 && !flag3) {
+            // Paper start
+            if (this.isFullChunkReady) {
+                io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkNotBorder(this.fullChunkFuture.join().orElseThrow(IllegalStateException::new), this); // Paper
+            }
+            // Paper end
             this.fullChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK);
             this.fullChunkFuture = ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK_FUTURE;
+            ++this.fullChunkCreateCount; // Paper - cache ticking ready status
+            this.isFullChunkReady = false; // Paper - cache ticking ready status
         }
 
         boolean flag4 = fullchunkstatus.isOrAfter(FullChunkStatus.BLOCK_TICKING);
@@ -473,11 +532,25 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
         if (!flag4 && flag5) {
             this.tickingChunkFuture = chunkStorage.prepareTickingChunk(this);
             this.scheduleFullChunkPromotion(chunkStorage, this.tickingChunkFuture, executor, FullChunkStatus.BLOCK_TICKING);
+            // Paper start - cache ticking ready status
+            this.tickingChunkFuture.thenAccept(chunkResult -> {
+                chunkResult.ifSuccess(chunk -> {
+                    // note: Here is a very good place to add callbacks to logic waiting on this.
+                    ChunkHolder.this.isTickingReady = true;
+                    io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkTicking(chunk, this);
+                });
+            });
+            // Paper end
             this.updateChunkToSave(this.tickingChunkFuture, "ticking");
         }
 
         if (flag4 && !flag5) {
-            this.tickingChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK);
+            // Paper start
+            if (this.isTickingReady) {
+                io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkNotTicking(this.tickingChunkFuture.join().orElseThrow(IllegalStateException::new), this); // Paper
+            }
+            // Paper end
+            this.tickingChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK); this.isTickingReady = false; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
             this.tickingChunkFuture = ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK_FUTURE;
         }
 
@@ -491,11 +564,24 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
 
             this.entityTickingChunkFuture = chunkStorage.prepareEntityTickingChunk(this);
             this.scheduleFullChunkPromotion(chunkStorage, this.entityTickingChunkFuture, executor, FullChunkStatus.ENTITY_TICKING);
+            // Paper start - cache ticking ready status
+            this.entityTickingChunkFuture.thenAccept(chunkResult -> {
+                chunkResult.ifSuccess(chunk -> {
+                    ChunkHolder.this.isEntityTickingReady = true;
+                    io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkEntityTicking(chunk, this);
+                });
+            });
+            // Paper end
             this.updateChunkToSave(this.entityTickingChunkFuture, "entity ticking");
         }
 
         if (flag6 && !flag7) {
-            this.entityTickingChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK);
+            // Paper start
+            if (this.isEntityTickingReady) {
+                io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkNotEntityTicking(this.entityTickingChunkFuture.join().orElseThrow(IllegalStateException::new), this);
+            }
+            // Paper end
+            this.entityTickingChunkFuture.complete(ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK); this.isEntityTickingReady = false; // Paper - cache chunk ticking stage
             this.entityTickingChunkFuture = ChunkHolder.UNLOADED_LEVEL_CHUNK_FUTURE;
         }
 
@@ -575,4 +661,18 @@ public class ChunkHolder {
     private static record ChunkSaveDebug(Thread thread, CompletableFuture<?> future, String source) {
 
     }
+
+    // Paper start
+    public final boolean isEntityTickingReady() {
+        return this.isEntityTickingReady;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isTickingReady() {
+        return this.isTickingReady;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isFullChunkReady() {
+        return this.isFullChunkReady;
+    }
+    // Paper end
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkMap.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkMap.java
index 49fefb67a51ef4b27598ff15a30f24e511b49cc3..e53b68f91183c8abcc9a0f7d97adfc212aec02c6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkMap.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ChunkMap.java
@@ -171,6 +171,62 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
     };
     // CraftBukkit end
 
+    // Paper start - distance maps
+    private final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets<ServerPlayer> pooledLinkedPlayerHashSets = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets<>();
+
+    void addPlayerToDistanceMaps(ServerPlayer player) {
+        int chunkX = io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getX());
+        int chunkZ = io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getZ());
+        // Note: players need to be explicitly added to distance maps before they can be updated
+        this.nearbyPlayers.addPlayer(player);
+    }
+
+    void removePlayerFromDistanceMaps(ServerPlayer player) {
+        int chunkX = io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getX());
+        int chunkZ = io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getZ());
+        // Note: players need to be explicitly added to distance maps before they can be updated
+        this.nearbyPlayers.removePlayer(player);
+    }
+
+    void updateMaps(ServerPlayer player) {
+        int chunkX = io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getX());
+        int chunkZ = io.papermc.paper.util.MCUtil.getChunkCoordinate(player.getZ());
+        // Note: players need to be explicitly added to distance maps before they can be updated
+        this.nearbyPlayers.tickPlayer(player);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+    // Paper start
+    public final List<io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager> regionManagers = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+    public final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager dataRegionManager;
+
+    public static final class DataRegionData implements io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.RegionData {
+    }
+
+    public static final class DataRegionSectionData implements io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.RegionSectionData {
+
+        @Override
+        public void removeFromRegion(final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.RegionSection section,
+                                     final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.Region from) {
+            final DataRegionSectionData sectionData = (DataRegionSectionData)section.sectionData;
+            final DataRegionData fromData = (DataRegionData)from.regionData;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void addToRegion(final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.RegionSection section,
+                                final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.Region oldRegion,
+                                final io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager.Region newRegion) {
+            final DataRegionSectionData sectionData = (DataRegionSectionData)section.sectionData;
+            final DataRegionData oldRegionData = oldRegion == null ? null : (DataRegionData)oldRegion.regionData;
+            final DataRegionData newRegionData = (DataRegionData)newRegion.regionData;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final ChunkHolder getUnloadingChunkHolder(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
+        return this.pendingUnloads.get(io.papermc.paper.util.CoordinateUtils.getChunkKey(chunkX, chunkZ));
+    }
+    public final io.papermc.paper.util.player.NearbyPlayers nearbyPlayers;
+    // Paper end
+
     public ChunkMap(ServerLevel world, LevelStorageSource.LevelStorageAccess session, DataFixer dataFixer, StructureTemplateManager structureTemplateManager, Executor executor, BlockableEventLoop<Runnable> mainThreadExecutor, LightChunkGetter chunkProvider, ChunkGenerator chunkGenerator, ChunkProgressListener worldGenerationProgressListener, ChunkStatusUpdateListener chunkStatusChangeListener, Supplier<DimensionDataStorage> persistentStateManagerFactory, int viewDistance, boolean dsync) {
         super(new RegionStorageInfo(session.getLevelId(), world.dimension(), "chunk"), session.getDimensionPath(world.dimension()).resolve("region"), dataFixer, dsync);
         this.visibleChunkMap = this.updatingChunkMap.clone();
@@ -223,7 +279,19 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
         this.poiManager = new PoiManager(new RegionStorageInfo(session.getLevelId(), world.dimension(), "poi"), path.resolve("poi"), dataFixer, dsync, iregistrycustom, world);
         this.setServerViewDistance(viewDistance);
         this.worldGenContext = new WorldGenContext(world, chunkGenerator, structureTemplateManager, this.lightEngine);
+        // Paper start
+        this.dataRegionManager = new io.papermc.paper.chunk.SingleThreadChunkRegionManager(this.level, 2, (1.0 / 3.0), 1, 6, "Data", DataRegionData::new, DataRegionSectionData::new);
+        this.regionManagers.add(this.dataRegionManager);
+        this.nearbyPlayers = new io.papermc.paper.util.player.NearbyPlayers(this.level);
+        // Paper end
+    }
+
+    // Paper start
+    // always use accessor, so folia can override
+    public final io.papermc.paper.util.player.NearbyPlayers getNearbyPlayers() {
+        return this.nearbyPlayers;
     }
+    // Paper end
 
     protected ChunkGenerator generator() {
         return this.generator;
@@ -249,6 +317,10 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
         });
     }
 
+    public int getMobCountNear(final ServerPlayer player, final net.minecraft.world.entity.MobCategory mobCategory) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
     private static double euclideanDistanceSquared(ChunkPos pos, Entity entity) {
         double d0 = (double) SectionPos.sectionToBlockCoord(pos.x, 8);
         double d1 = (double) SectionPos.sectionToBlockCoord(pos.z, 8);
@@ -417,9 +489,9 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
         };
 
         stringbuilder.append("Updating:").append(System.lineSeparator());
-        this.updatingChunkMap.values().forEach(consumer);
+        io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getUpdatingChunkHolders(this.level).forEach(consumer); // Paper
         stringbuilder.append("Visible:").append(System.lineSeparator());
-        this.visibleChunkMap.values().forEach(consumer);
+        io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getVisibleChunkHolders(this.level).forEach(consumer); // Paper
         CrashReport crashreport = CrashReport.forThrowable(exception, "Chunk loading");
         CrashReportCategory crashreportsystemdetails = crashreport.addCategory("Chunk loading");
 
@@ -461,8 +533,14 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
                     holder.setTicketLevel(level);
                 } else {
                     holder = new ChunkHolder(new ChunkPos(pos), level, this.level, this.lightEngine, this.queueSorter, this);
+                    // Paper start
+                    io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkHolderCreate(this.level, holder);
+                    // Paper end
                 }
 
+                // Paper start
+                holder.onChunkAdd();
+                // Paper end
                 this.updatingChunkMap.put(pos, holder);
                 this.modified = true;
             }
@@ -484,7 +562,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
 
     protected void saveAllChunks(boolean flush) {
         if (flush) {
-            List<ChunkHolder> list = this.visibleChunkMap.values().stream().filter(ChunkHolder::wasAccessibleSinceLastSave).peek(ChunkHolder::refreshAccessibility).toList();
+            List<ChunkHolder> list = io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getVisibleChunkHolders(this.level).stream().filter(ChunkHolder::wasAccessibleSinceLastSave).peek(ChunkHolder::refreshAccessibility).toList(); // Paper
             MutableBoolean mutableboolean = new MutableBoolean();
 
             do {
@@ -513,7 +591,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
             });
             this.flushWorker();
         } else {
-            this.visibleChunkMap.values().forEach(this::saveChunkIfNeeded);
+            io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getVisibleChunkHolders(this.level).forEach(this::saveChunkIfNeeded);
         }
 
     }
@@ -532,7 +610,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
     }
 
     public boolean hasWork() {
-        return this.lightEngine.hasLightWork() || !this.pendingUnloads.isEmpty() || !this.updatingChunkMap.isEmpty() || this.poiManager.hasWork() || !this.toDrop.isEmpty() || !this.unloadQueue.isEmpty() || this.queueSorter.hasWork() || this.distanceManager.hasTickets();
+        return this.lightEngine.hasLightWork() || !this.pendingUnloads.isEmpty() || io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.hasAnyChunkHolders(this.level) || this.poiManager.hasWork() || !this.toDrop.isEmpty() || !this.unloadQueue.isEmpty() || this.queueSorter.hasWork() || this.distanceManager.hasTickets(); // Paper
     }
 
     private void processUnloads(BooleanSupplier shouldKeepTicking) {
@@ -543,6 +621,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
             ChunkHolder playerchunk = (ChunkHolder) this.updatingChunkMap.remove(j);
 
             if (playerchunk != null) {
+                playerchunk.onChunkRemove(); // Paper
                 this.pendingUnloads.put(j, playerchunk);
                 this.modified = true;
                 ++i;
@@ -560,7 +639,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
         }
 
         int l = 0;
-        ObjectIterator<ChunkHolder> objectiterator = this.visibleChunkMap.values().iterator();
+        Iterator<ChunkHolder> objectiterator = io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getVisibleChunkHolders(this.level).iterator(); // Paper
 
         while (l < 20 && shouldKeepTicking.getAsBoolean() && objectiterator.hasNext()) {
             if (this.saveChunkIfNeeded((ChunkHolder) objectiterator.next())) {
@@ -578,7 +657,11 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
             if (completablefuture1 != completablefuture) {
                 this.scheduleUnload(pos, holder);
             } else {
-                if (this.pendingUnloads.remove(pos, holder) && ichunkaccess != null) {
+                // Paper start
+                boolean removed;
+                if ((removed = this.pendingUnloads.remove(pos, holder)) && ichunkaccess != null) {
+                    io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkHolderDelete(this.level, holder);
+                    // Paper end
                     if (ichunkaccess instanceof LevelChunk) {
                         ((LevelChunk) ichunkaccess).setLoaded(false);
                     }
@@ -594,7 +677,9 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
                     this.lightEngine.tryScheduleUpdate();
                     this.progressListener.onStatusChange(ichunkaccess.getPos(), (ChunkStatus) null);
                     this.chunkSaveCooldowns.remove(ichunkaccess.getPos().toLong());
-                }
+                } else if (removed) { // Paper start
+                    io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onChunkHolderDelete(this.level, holder);
+                } // Paper end
 
             }
         };
@@ -1016,7 +1101,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
         }
     }
 
-    protected void setServerViewDistance(int watchDistance) {
+    public void setServerViewDistance(int watchDistance) { // Paper - public
         int j = Mth.clamp(watchDistance, 2, 32);
 
         if (j != this.serverViewDistance) {
@@ -1033,7 +1118,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
 
     }
 
-    int getPlayerViewDistance(ServerPlayer player) {
+    public int getPlayerViewDistance(ServerPlayer player) { // Paper - public
         return Mth.clamp(player.requestedViewDistance(), 2, this.serverViewDistance);
     }
 
@@ -1062,7 +1147,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
     }
 
     public int size() {
-        return this.visibleChunkMap.size();
+        return io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getVisibleChunkHolderCount(this.level); // Paper
     }
 
     public DistanceManager getDistanceManager() {
@@ -1070,19 +1155,19 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
     }
 
     protected Iterable<ChunkHolder> getChunks() {
-        return Iterables.unmodifiableIterable(this.visibleChunkMap.values());
+        return Iterables.unmodifiableIterable(io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getVisibleChunkHolders(this.level)); // Paper
     }
 
     void dumpChunks(Writer writer) throws IOException {
         CsvOutput csvwriter = CsvOutput.builder().addColumn("x").addColumn("z").addColumn("level").addColumn("in_memory").addColumn("status").addColumn("full_status").addColumn("accessible_ready").addColumn("ticking_ready").addColumn("entity_ticking_ready").addColumn("ticket").addColumn("spawning").addColumn("block_entity_count").addColumn("ticking_ticket").addColumn("ticking_level").addColumn("block_ticks").addColumn("fluid_ticks").build(writer);
         TickingTracker tickingtracker = this.distanceManager.tickingTracker();
-        ObjectBidirectionalIterator objectbidirectionaliterator = this.visibleChunkMap.long2ObjectEntrySet().iterator();
+        Iterator<ChunkHolder> objectbidirectionaliterator = io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getVisibleChunkHolders(this.level).iterator(); // Paper
 
         while (objectbidirectionaliterator.hasNext()) {
-            Entry<ChunkHolder> entry = (Entry) objectbidirectionaliterator.next();
-            long i = entry.getLongKey();
+            ChunkHolder playerchunk = objectbidirectionaliterator.next(); // Paper
+            long i = playerchunk.pos.toLong(); // Paper
             ChunkPos chunkcoordintpair = new ChunkPos(i);
-            ChunkHolder playerchunk = (ChunkHolder) entry.getValue();
+            // Paper
             Optional<ChunkAccess> optional = Optional.ofNullable(playerchunk.getLastAvailable());
             Optional<LevelChunk> optional1 = optional.flatMap((ichunkaccess) -> {
                 return ichunkaccess instanceof LevelChunk ? Optional.of((LevelChunk) ichunkaccess) : Optional.empty();
@@ -1203,6 +1288,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
 
             player.setChunkTrackingView(ChunkTrackingView.EMPTY);
             this.updateChunkTracking(player);
+            this.addPlayerToDistanceMaps(player); // Paper - distance maps
         } else {
             SectionPos sectionposition = player.getLastSectionPos();
 
@@ -1211,6 +1297,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
                 this.distanceManager.removePlayer(sectionposition, player);
             }
 
+            this.removePlayerFromDistanceMaps(player); // Paper - distance maps
             this.applyChunkTrackingView(player, ChunkTrackingView.EMPTY);
         }
 
@@ -1262,6 +1349,7 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
             this.updateChunkTracking(player);
         }
 
+        this.updateMaps(player); // Paper - distance maps
     }
 
     private void updateChunkTracking(ServerPlayer player) {
@@ -1505,10 +1593,10 @@ public class ChunkMap extends ChunkStorage implements ChunkHolder.PlayerProvider
         });
     }
 
-    private class ChunkDistanceManager extends DistanceManager {
+    public class ChunkDistanceManager extends DistanceManager { // Paper - public
 
         protected ChunkDistanceManager(final Executor workerExecutor, final Executor mainThreadExecutor) {
-            super(workerExecutor, mainThreadExecutor);
+            super(workerExecutor, mainThreadExecutor, ChunkMap.this); // Paper
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/DistanceManager.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/DistanceManager.java
index 7a604df2cec802f7da78935647990fe8b575307b..e8640bcbc1d4e2965049974385585f5060cb6a44 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/DistanceManager.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/DistanceManager.java
@@ -55,8 +55,9 @@ public abstract class DistanceManager {
     final Executor mainThreadExecutor;
     private long ticketTickCounter;
     public int simulationDistance = 10;
+    private final ChunkMap chunkMap; // Paper
 
-    protected DistanceManager(Executor workerExecutor, Executor mainThreadExecutor) {
+    protected DistanceManager(Executor workerExecutor, Executor mainThreadExecutor, ChunkMap chunkMap) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(mainThreadExecutor);
         ProcessorHandle<Runnable> mailbox = ProcessorHandle.of("player ticket throttler", mainThreadExecutor::execute);
         ChunkTaskPriorityQueueSorter chunktaskqueuesorter = new ChunkTaskPriorityQueueSorter(ImmutableList.of(mailbox), workerExecutor, 4);
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ public abstract class DistanceManager {
         this.ticketThrottlerInput = chunktaskqueuesorter.getProcessor(mailbox, true);
         this.ticketThrottlerReleaser = chunktaskqueuesorter.getReleaseProcessor(mailbox);
         this.mainThreadExecutor = mainThreadExecutor;
+        this.chunkMap = chunkMap; // Paper
     }
 
     protected void purgeStaleTickets() {
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ public abstract class DistanceManager {
     }
 
     public void removeTicketsOnClosing() {
-        ImmutableSet<TicketType<?>> immutableset = ImmutableSet.of(TicketType.UNKNOWN, TicketType.POST_TELEPORT, TicketType.LIGHT);
+        ImmutableSet<TicketType<?>> immutableset = ImmutableSet.of(TicketType.UNKNOWN, TicketType.POST_TELEPORT, TicketType.LIGHT, TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT); // Paper - add additional tickets to preserve
         ObjectIterator<Entry<SortedArraySet<Ticket<?>>>> objectiterator = this.tickets.long2ObjectEntrySet().fastIterator();
 
         while (objectiterator.hasNext()) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
index 8661ed9962d07fb40390faf7f186b9cd8ce6bc62..23c39b78486b018e222af489c8edbf4e749abff6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerChunkCache.java
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.storage.LevelStorageSource;
 
 public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
 
+    public static final org.slf4j.Logger LOGGER = com.mojang.logging.LogUtils.getLogger(); // Paper
     private static final List<ChunkStatus> CHUNK_STATUSES = ChunkStatus.getStatusList();
     private final DistanceManager distanceManager;
     final ServerLevel level;
@@ -65,6 +66,14 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
     @Nullable
     @VisibleForDebug
     private NaturalSpawner.SpawnState lastSpawnState;
+    // Paper start
+    public final io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<LevelChunk> tickingChunks = new io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<>(4096, 0.75f, 4096, 0.15, true);
+    public final io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<LevelChunk> entityTickingChunks = new io.papermc.paper.util.maplist.IteratorSafeOrderedReferenceSet<>(4096, 0.75f, 4096, 0.15, true);
+    final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent.WeakSeqLock loadedChunkMapSeqLock = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.concurrent.WeakSeqLock();
+    final it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<LevelChunk> loadedChunkMap = new it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.Long2ObjectOpenHashMap<>(8192, 0.5f);
+    long chunkFutureAwaitCounter;
+    private final LevelChunk[] lastLoadedChunks = new LevelChunk[4 * 4];
+    // Paper end
 
     public ServerChunkCache(ServerLevel world, LevelStorageSource.LevelStorageAccess session, DataFixer dataFixer, StructureTemplateManager structureTemplateManager, Executor workerExecutor, ChunkGenerator chunkGenerator, int viewDistance, int simulationDistance, boolean dsync, ChunkProgressListener worldGenerationProgressListener, ChunkStatusUpdateListener chunkStatusChangeListener, Supplier<DimensionDataStorage> persistentStateManagerFactory) {
         this.level = world;
@@ -90,6 +99,124 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
         return chunk.getFullChunkNow() != null;
     }
     // CraftBukkit end
+    // Paper start
+    private static int getChunkCacheKey(int x, int z) {
+        return x & 3 | ((z & 3) << 2);
+    }
+
+    public void addLoadedChunk(LevelChunk chunk) {
+        this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+        try {
+            this.loadedChunkMap.put(chunk.coordinateKey, chunk);
+        } finally {
+            this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+        }
+
+        // rewrite cache if we have to
+        // we do this since we also cache null chunks
+        int cacheKey = getChunkCacheKey(chunk.locX, chunk.locZ);
+
+        this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey] = chunk;
+    }
+
+    public void removeLoadedChunk(LevelChunk chunk) {
+        this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.acquireWrite();
+        try {
+            this.loadedChunkMap.remove(chunk.coordinateKey);
+        } finally {
+            this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.releaseWrite();
+        }
+
+        // rewrite cache if we have to
+        // we do this since we also cache null chunks
+        int cacheKey = getChunkCacheKey(chunk.locX, chunk.locZ);
+
+        LevelChunk cachedChunk = this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey];
+        if (cachedChunk != null && cachedChunk.coordinateKey == chunk.coordinateKey) {
+            this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey] = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public final LevelChunk getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThread(int x, int z) {
+        int cacheKey = getChunkCacheKey(x, z);
+
+        LevelChunk cachedChunk = this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey];
+        if (cachedChunk != null && cachedChunk.locX == x & cachedChunk.locZ == z) {
+            return cachedChunk;
+        }
+
+        long chunkKey = ChunkPos.asLong(x, z);
+
+        cachedChunk = this.loadedChunkMap.get(chunkKey);
+        // Skipping a null check to avoid extra instructions to improve inline capability
+        this.lastLoadedChunks[cacheKey] = cachedChunk;
+        return cachedChunk;
+    }
+
+    public final LevelChunk getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThreadNoCache(int x, int z) {
+        return this.loadedChunkMap.get(ChunkPos.asLong(x, z));
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public ChunkAccess getChunkAtImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        ChunkHolder holder = this.chunkMap.getVisibleChunkIfPresent(ChunkPos.asLong(x, z));
+        if (holder == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return holder.getLastAvailable();
+    }
+
+    public <T> void addTicketAtLevel(TicketType<T> ticketType, ChunkPos chunkPos, int ticketLevel, T identifier) {
+        this.distanceManager.addTicket(ticketType, chunkPos, ticketLevel, identifier);
+    }
+
+    public <T> void removeTicketAtLevel(TicketType<T> ticketType, ChunkPos chunkPos, int ticketLevel, T identifier) {
+        this.distanceManager.removeTicket(ticketType, chunkPos, ticketLevel, identifier);
+    }
+
+    // "real" get chunk if loaded
+    // Note: Partially copied from the getChunkAt method below
+    @Nullable
+    public LevelChunk getChunkAtIfCachedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        long k = ChunkPos.asLong(x, z);
+
+        // Note: Bypass cache since we need to check ticket level, and to make this MT-Safe
+
+        ChunkHolder playerChunk = this.getVisibleChunkIfPresent(k);
+        if (playerChunk == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return playerChunk.getFullChunkNowUnchecked();
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    public LevelChunk getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        long k = ChunkPos.asLong(x, z);
+
+        if (Thread.currentThread() == this.mainThread) {
+            return this.getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThread(x, z);
+        }
+
+        LevelChunk ret = null;
+        long readlock;
+        do {
+            readlock = this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.acquireRead();
+            try {
+                ret = this.loadedChunkMap.get(k);
+            } catch (Throwable thr) {
+                if (thr instanceof ThreadDeath) {
+                    throw (ThreadDeath)thr;
+                }
+                // re-try, this means a CME occurred...
+                continue;
+            }
+        } while (!this.loadedChunkMapSeqLock.tryReleaseRead(readlock));
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+    // Paper end
 
     @Override
     public ThreadedLevelLightEngine getLightEngine() {
@@ -310,7 +437,7 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
         return this.mainThreadProcessor.pollTask();
     }
 
-    boolean runDistanceManagerUpdates() {
+    public boolean runDistanceManagerUpdates() { // Paper - public
         boolean flag = this.distanceManager.runAllUpdates(this.chunkMap);
         boolean flag1 = this.chunkMap.promoteChunkMap();
 
@@ -322,6 +449,12 @@ public class ServerChunkCache extends ChunkSource {
         }
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    public boolean isPositionTicking(Entity entity) {
+        return this.isPositionTicking(ChunkPos.asLong(net.minecraft.util.Mth.floor(entity.getX()) >> 4, net.minecraft.util.Mth.floor(entity.getZ()) >> 4));
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public boolean isPositionTicking(long pos) {
         ChunkHolder playerchunk = this.getVisibleChunkIfPresent(pos);
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerLevel.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerLevel.java
index b3caf69f9627ba2114dc9d06551ccf182debfb04..9332573e6948092ea1cda4efa7f3944729da91be 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerLevel.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerLevel.java
@@ -235,6 +235,98 @@ public class ServerLevel extends Level implements WorldGenLevel {
         return this.convertable.dimensionType;
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    public final boolean areChunksLoadedForMove(AABB axisalignedbb) {
+        // copied code from collision methods, so that we can guarantee that they wont load chunks (we don't override
+        // ICollisionAccess methods for VoxelShapes)
+        // be more strict too, add a block (dumb plugins in move events?)
+        int minBlockX = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.minX - 1.0E-7D) - 3;
+        int maxBlockX = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.maxX + 1.0E-7D) + 3;
+
+        int minBlockZ = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.minZ - 1.0E-7D) - 3;
+        int maxBlockZ = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.maxZ + 1.0E-7D) + 3;
+
+        int minChunkX = minBlockX >> 4;
+        int maxChunkX = maxBlockX >> 4;
+
+        int minChunkZ = minBlockZ >> 4;
+        int maxChunkZ = maxBlockZ >> 4;
+
+        ServerChunkCache chunkProvider = this.getChunkSource();
+
+        for (int cx = minChunkX; cx <= maxChunkX; ++cx) {
+            for (int cz = minChunkZ; cz <= maxChunkZ; ++cz) {
+                if (chunkProvider.getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(cx, cz) == null) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public final void loadChunksForMoveAsync(AABB axisalignedbb, ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.executor.standard.PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority,
+                                             java.util.function.Consumer<List<net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess>> onLoad) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread() != this.thread) {
+            this.getChunkSource().mainThreadProcessor.execute(() -> {
+                this.loadChunksForMoveAsync(axisalignedbb, priority, onLoad);
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        List<net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess> ret = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+        it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList ticketLevels = new it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.ints.IntArrayList();
+
+        int minBlockX = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.minX - 1.0E-7D) - 3;
+        int maxBlockX = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.maxX + 1.0E-7D) + 3;
+
+        int minBlockZ = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.minZ - 1.0E-7D) - 3;
+        int maxBlockZ = Mth.floor(axisalignedbb.maxZ + 1.0E-7D) + 3;
+
+        int minChunkX = minBlockX >> 4;
+        int maxChunkX = maxBlockX >> 4;
+
+        int minChunkZ = minBlockZ >> 4;
+        int maxChunkZ = maxBlockZ >> 4;
+
+        ServerChunkCache chunkProvider = this.getChunkSource();
+
+        int requiredChunks = (maxChunkX - minChunkX + 1) * (maxChunkZ - minChunkZ + 1);
+        int[] loadedChunks = new int[1];
+
+        Long holderIdentifier = Long.valueOf(chunkProvider.chunkFutureAwaitCounter++);
+
+        java.util.function.Consumer<net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess> consumer = (net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.ChunkAccess chunk) -> {
+            if (chunk != null) {
+                int ticketLevel = Math.max(33, chunkProvider.chunkMap.getUpdatingChunkIfPresent(chunk.getPos().toLong()).getTicketLevel());
+                ret.add(chunk);
+                ticketLevels.add(ticketLevel);
+                chunkProvider.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT, chunk.getPos(), ticketLevel, holderIdentifier);
+            }
+            if (++loadedChunks[0] == requiredChunks) {
+                try {
+                    onLoad.accept(java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(ret));
+                } finally {
+                    for (int i = 0, len = ret.size(); i < len; ++i) {
+                        ChunkPos chunkPos = ret.get(i).getPos();
+                        int ticketLevel = ticketLevels.getInt(i);
+
+                        chunkProvider.addTicketAtLevel(TicketType.UNKNOWN, chunkPos, ticketLevel, chunkPos);
+                        chunkProvider.removeTicketAtLevel(TicketType.FUTURE_AWAIT, chunkPos, ticketLevel, holderIdentifier);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        for (int cx = minChunkX; cx <= maxChunkX; ++cx) {
+            for (int cz = minChunkZ; cz <= maxChunkZ; ++cz) {
+                io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.scheduleChunkLoad(
+                    this, cx, cz, net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.status.ChunkStatus.FULL, true, priority, consumer
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     // Add env and gen to constructor, IWorldDataServer -> WorldDataServer
     public ServerLevel(MinecraftServer minecraftserver, Executor executor, LevelStorageSource.LevelStorageAccess convertable_conversionsession, PrimaryLevelData iworlddataserver, ResourceKey<Level> resourcekey, LevelStem worlddimension, ChunkProgressListener worldloadlistener, boolean flag, long i, List<CustomSpawner> list, boolean flag1, @Nullable RandomSequences randomsequences, org.bukkit.World.Environment env, org.bukkit.generator.ChunkGenerator gen, org.bukkit.generator.BiomeProvider biomeProvider) {
         // IRegistryCustom.Dimension iregistrycustom_dimension = minecraftserver.registryAccess(); // CraftBukkit - decompile error
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerPlayer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerPlayer.java
index bc263349531d70886d5eee37a196c78dd70c9b30..5631621f16fdda723cb3e1de7d3a6646d768a863 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerPlayer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/ServerPlayer.java
@@ -275,6 +275,8 @@ public class ServerPlayer extends Player {
     public boolean sentListPacket = false;
     public String kickLeaveMessage = null; // SPIGOT-3034: Forward leave message to PlayerQuitEvent
     // CraftBukkit end
+    public boolean isRealPlayer; // Paper
+    public final com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<ServerPlayer> cachedSingleHashSet; // Paper
 
     public ServerPlayer(MinecraftServer server, ServerLevel world, GameProfile profile, ClientInformation clientOptions) {
         super(world, world.getSharedSpawnPos(), world.getSharedSpawnAngle(), profile);
@@ -343,6 +345,8 @@ public class ServerPlayer extends Player {
         this.updateOptions(clientOptions);
         this.object = null;
 
+        this.cachedSingleHashSet = new com.destroystokyo.paper.util.misc.PooledLinkedHashSets.PooledObjectLinkedOpenHashSet<>(this); // Paper
+
         // CraftBukkit start
         this.displayName = this.getScoreboardName();
         this.bukkitPickUpLoot = true;
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/TicketType.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/TicketType.java
index 3a4f026c73cdd22d30bdadabbcf24bef969b73e4..0d536d72ac918fbd403397ff369d10143ee9c204 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/TicketType.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/TicketType.java
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import net.minecraft.util.Unit;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.ChunkPos;
 
 public class TicketType<T> {
+    public static final TicketType<Long> FUTURE_AWAIT = create("future_await", Long::compareTo); // Paper
 
     private final String name;
     private final Comparator<T> comparator;
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/WorldGenRegion.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/WorldGenRegion.java
index 7cc559730325a18953d7cb75ed252aefa379c324..744efc6cdc99f653a1eb9d4f26af8a7c34627f5e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/WorldGenRegion.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/level/WorldGenRegion.java
@@ -168,6 +168,26 @@ public class WorldGenRegion implements WorldGenLevel {
         return chunkX >= this.firstPos.x && chunkX <= this.lastPos.x && chunkZ >= this.firstPos.z && chunkZ <= this.lastPos.z;
     }
 
+    // Paper start - if loaded util
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        return this.getChunk(x, z, ChunkStatus.FULL, false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos) {
         return this.getChunk(SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getX()), SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getZ())).getBlockState(pos);
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/players/PlayerList.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/players/PlayerList.java
index aef7c373261bc150a19fa642bb9c5dc7ae1d7f53..54fee00a462c2f6fcc567d762b1afd24cf5c7d06 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/players/PlayerList.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/players/PlayerList.java
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ public abstract class PlayerList {
     }
 
     public void placeNewPlayer(Connection connection, ServerPlayer player, CommonListenerCookie clientData) {
+        player.isRealPlayer = true; // Paper
         GameProfile gameprofile = player.getGameProfile();
         GameProfileCache usercache = this.server.getProfileCache();
         // Optional optional; // CraftBukkit - decompile error
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/util/thread/BlockableEventLoop.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/util/thread/BlockableEventLoop.java
index aede9b65e799a1f123f71f9390fb05acddda676b..2510589400b3012b827efcab477c6483d9d55901 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/util/thread/BlockableEventLoop.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/util/thread/BlockableEventLoop.java
@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ public abstract class BlockableEventLoop<R extends Runnable> implements Profiler
             runnable.run();
         }
     }
+    // Paper start
+    public void scheduleOnMain(Runnable r0) {
+        // postToMainThread does not work the same as older versions of mc
+        // This method is actually used to create a TickTask, which can then be posted onto main
+        this.tell(this.wrapRunnable(r0));
+    }
+    // Paper end
 
     @Override
     public void tell(R runnable) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Entity.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Entity.java
index 803f8e80d616ac7f9a51e4cdd6a7a3ce690b791e..9c54bc3897d1fa3c88a5a7d55224eb4cc97f4e79 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Entity.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Entity.java
@@ -333,6 +333,11 @@ public abstract class Entity implements SyncedDataHolder, Nameable, EntityAccess
         return this.level.hasChunk((int) Math.floor(this.getX()) >> 4, (int) Math.floor(this.getZ()) >> 4);
     }
     // CraftBukkit end
+    // Paper start
+    public final AABB getBoundingBoxAt(double x, double y, double z) {
+        return this.dimensions.makeBoundingBox(x, y, z);
+    }
+    // Paper end
 
     public Entity(EntityType<?> type, Level world) {
         this.id = Entity.ENTITY_COUNTER.incrementAndGet();
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/LivingEntity.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/LivingEntity.java
index 09a3d06f1c613662283eb6688bf2c3eeb4778208..dcf53dbecc1873994b171cfd1eb313545d6cfdcd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/LivingEntity.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/LivingEntity.java
@@ -270,6 +270,7 @@ public abstract class LivingEntity extends Entity implements Attackable {
     public boolean collides = true;
     public Set<UUID> collidableExemptions = new HashSet<>();
     public boolean bukkitPickUpLoot;
+    public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftLivingEntity getBukkitLivingEntity() { return (org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftLivingEntity) super.getBukkitEntity(); } // Paper
 
     @Override
     public float getBukkitYaw() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Mob.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Mob.java
index 113440cd203c1273934b9b7ad7a0fe36f44d0c88..2e83e5779d5bdfc150257d3394669d53eba5c5c3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Mob.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/Mob.java
@@ -287,6 +287,8 @@ public abstract class Mob extends LivingEntity implements EquipmentUser, Targeti
         return this.target;
     }
 
+    public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftMob getBukkitMob() { return (org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftMob) super.getBukkitEntity(); } // Paper
+
     @Nullable
     protected final LivingEntity getTargetFromBrain() {
         return (LivingEntity) this.getBrain().getMemory(MemoryModuleType.ATTACK_TARGET).orElse(null); // CraftBukkit - decompile error
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/PathfinderMob.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/PathfinderMob.java
index 566c28169c68a9699ddba3fdd37edfd1bae64fe4..5e2f10f5fd7219ebaefb1c5b5ac9bc7c71fae179 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/PathfinderMob.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/PathfinderMob.java
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ public abstract class PathfinderMob extends Mob {
         super(type, world);
     }
 
+    public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftCreature getBukkitCreature() { return (org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftCreature) super.getBukkitEntity(); } // Paper
+
     public float getWalkTargetValue(BlockPos pos) {
         return this.getWalkTargetValue(pos, this.level());
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/monster/Monster.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/monster/Monster.java
index f73604d762efbac400d40f536ec1782fca584efa..4701bf9ee203f2f15b0b68e84bbfa2c489b66631 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/monster/Monster.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/entity/monster/Monster.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.level.ServerLevelAccessor;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.dimension.DimensionType;
 
 public abstract class Monster extends PathfinderMob implements Enemy {
+    public org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftMonster getBukkitMonster() { return (org.bukkit.craftbukkit.entity.CraftMonster) super.getBukkitEntity(); } // Paper
     protected Monster(EntityType<? extends Monster> type, Level world) {
         super(type, world);
         this.xpReward = 5;
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/item/ItemStack.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/item/ItemStack.java
index a5d1cd1966ad85ad0a241bee9caa8fd7b7424017..2b8b220bf1e132b230abe14770da53de84db9818 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/item/ItemStack.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/item/ItemStack.java
@@ -952,6 +952,25 @@ public final class ItemStack implements DataComponentHolder {
         }
     }
 
+    // Paper start - (this is just a good no conflict location)
+    public org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack asBukkitMirror() {
+        return CraftItemStack.asCraftMirror(this);
+    }
+    public org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack asBukkitCopy() {
+        return CraftItemStack.asCraftMirror(this.copy());
+    }
+    public static ItemStack fromBukkitCopy(org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack itemstack) {
+        return CraftItemStack.asNMSCopy(itemstack);
+    }
+    private org.bukkit.craftbukkit.inventory.CraftItemStack bukkitStack;
+    public org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack getBukkitStack() {
+        if (bukkitStack == null || bukkitStack.handle != this) {
+            bukkitStack = org.bukkit.craftbukkit.inventory.CraftItemStack.asCraftMirror(this);
+        }
+        return bukkitStack;
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public void applyComponents(DataComponentPatch changes) {
         this.components.applyPatch(changes);
         this.getItem().verifyComponentsAfterLoad(this);
@@ -1205,6 +1224,7 @@ public final class ItemStack implements DataComponentHolder {
     // CraftBukkit start
     @Deprecated
     public void setItem(Item item) {
+        this.bukkitStack = null; // Paper
         this.item = item;
     }
     // CraftBukkit end
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/BlockGetter.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/BlockGetter.java
index 1c71d2c1b16bdba1e14a8230787e4cb4ad530163..d6d8bbc98fc71997cb52521d59ebb59d727d3c22 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/BlockGetter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/BlockGetter.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import net.minecraft.core.BlockPos;
 import net.minecraft.core.Direction;
 import net.minecraft.util.Mth;
+import net.minecraft.world.level.block.Block;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.entity.BlockEntityType;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.block.state.BlockState;
@@ -30,6 +31,15 @@ public interface BlockGetter extends LevelHeightAccessor {
     }
 
     BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos);
+    // Paper start - if loaded util
+    @Nullable BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition);
+
+    default @Nullable Block getBlockIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        BlockState type = this.getBlockStateIfLoaded(blockposition);
+        return type == null ? null : type.getBlock();
+    }
+    @Nullable FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition);
+    // Paper end
 
     FluidState getFluidState(BlockPos pos);
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/ChunkPos.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/ChunkPos.java
index 4cea6b4cad66d26a0fc66d06fa73af1eaf01b146..54cd046587c2f9dd26204bfa4eb65b8ad52b2d5e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/ChunkPos.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/ChunkPos.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public class ChunkPos {
     public static final int REGION_MAX_INDEX = 31;
     public final int x;
     public final int z;
+    public final long longKey; // Paper
     private static final int HASH_A = 1664525;
     private static final int HASH_C = 1013904223;
     private static final int HASH_Z_XOR = -559038737;
@@ -27,16 +28,19 @@ public class ChunkPos {
     public ChunkPos(int x, int z) {
         this.x = x;
         this.z = z;
+        this.longKey = asLong(this.x, this.z); // Paper
     }
 
     public ChunkPos(BlockPos pos) {
         this.x = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getX());
         this.z = SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getZ());
+        this.longKey = asLong(this.x, this.z); // Paper
     }
 
     public ChunkPos(long pos) {
         this.x = (int)pos;
         this.z = (int)(pos >> 32);
+        this.longKey = asLong(this.x, this.z); // Paper
     }
 
     public static ChunkPos minFromRegion(int x, int z) {
@@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ public class ChunkPos {
     }
 
     public long toLong() {
-        return asLong(this.x, this.z);
+        return longKey; // Paper
     }
 
     public static long asLong(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/EmptyBlockGetter.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/EmptyBlockGetter.java
index 3c707d6674b2594b09503b959a31c1f4ad3981e6..db61b6b0158a9bcc0e1d735e34fe3671f8c89e21 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/EmptyBlockGetter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/EmptyBlockGetter.java
@@ -17,6 +17,18 @@ public enum EmptyBlockGetter implements BlockGetter {
         return null;
     }
 
+    // Paper start - If loaded util
+    @Override
+    public final FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return Fluids.EMPTY.defaultFluidState();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return Blocks.AIR.defaultBlockState();
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos) {
         return Blocks.AIR.defaultBlockState();
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/Level.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/Level.java
index b06ffa8d5953c8f0a47daf056495cd424d9ac843..68715d9fd69addad07384efa10eeb09bc78c1e28 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/Level.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/Level.java
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.CraftServer;
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.CraftWorld;
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.SpigotTimings; // Spigot
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.block.CapturedBlockState;
+import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.block.CraftBlockState;
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.block.data.CraftBlockData;
 import org.bukkit.craftbukkit.util.CraftSpawnCategory;
 import org.bukkit.entity.SpawnCategory;
@@ -273,6 +274,13 @@ public abstract class Level implements LevelAccessor, AutoCloseable {
         return null;
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    public net.minecraft.world.phys.BlockHitResult.Type clipDirect(Vec3 start, Vec3 end, net.minecraft.world.phys.shapes.CollisionContext context) {
+        // To be patched over
+        return this.clip(new ClipContext(start, end, ClipContext.Block.COLLIDER, ClipContext.Fluid.NONE, context)).getType();
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public boolean isInWorldBounds(BlockPos pos) {
         return !this.isOutsideBuildHeight(pos) && Level.isInWorldBoundsHorizontal(pos);
     }
@@ -289,18 +297,52 @@ public abstract class Level implements LevelAccessor, AutoCloseable {
         return y < -20000000 || y >= 20000000;
     }
 
-    public LevelChunk getChunkAt(BlockPos pos) {
+    public final LevelChunk getChunkAt(BlockPos pos) { // Paper - help inline
         return this.getChunk(SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getX()), SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getZ()));
     }
 
     @Override
-    public LevelChunk getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
-        return (LevelChunk) this.getChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, ChunkStatus.FULL);
+    public final LevelChunk getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ) { // Paper - final to help inline
+        return (LevelChunk) this.getChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, ChunkStatus.FULL, true); // Paper - avoid a method jump
     }
 
+    // Paper start - if loaded
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public final ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        return ((ServerLevel)this).chunkSource.getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(x, z);
+    }
+
+    @Override
     @Nullable
+    public final BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(BlockPos pos) {
+        // CraftBukkit start - tree generation
+        if (this.captureTreeGeneration) {
+            CraftBlockState previous = this.capturedBlockStates.get(pos);
+            if (previous != null) {
+                return previous.getHandle();
+            }
+        }
+        // CraftBukkit end
+        if (this.isOutsideBuildHeight(pos)) {
+            return Blocks.VOID_AIR.defaultBlockState();
+        } else {
+            ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(pos.getX() >> 4, pos.getZ() >> 4);
+
+            return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getBlockState(pos);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+
     @Override
-    public ChunkAccess getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, ChunkStatus leastStatus, boolean create) {
+    public final ChunkAccess getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, ChunkStatus leastStatus, boolean create) { // Paper - final for inline
+        // Paper end
         ChunkAccess ichunkaccess = this.getChunkSource().getChunk(chunkX, chunkZ, leastStatus, create);
 
         if (ichunkaccess == null && create) {
@@ -311,7 +353,7 @@ public abstract class Level implements LevelAccessor, AutoCloseable {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean setBlock(BlockPos pos, BlockState state, int flags) {
+    public final boolean setBlock(BlockPos pos, BlockState state, int flags) { // Paper - final for inline
         return this.setBlock(pos, state, flags, 512);
     }
 
@@ -550,7 +592,7 @@ public abstract class Level implements LevelAccessor, AutoCloseable {
         if (this.isOutsideBuildHeight(pos)) {
             return Blocks.VOID_AIR.defaultBlockState();
         } else {
-            LevelChunk chunk = this.getChunk(SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getX()), SectionPos.blockToSectionCoord(pos.getZ()));
+            ChunkAccess chunk = this.getChunk(pos.getX() >> 4, pos.getZ() >> 4, ChunkStatus.FULL, true); // Paper - manually inline to reduce hops and avoid unnecessary null check to reduce total byte code size, this should never return null and if it does we will see it the next line but the real stack trace will matter in the chunk engine
 
             return chunk.getBlockState(pos);
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/LevelReader.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/LevelReader.java
index 749e4ea1be56b393877b5fdd72dc3669dbf5a3dd..a0ae26d6197e1069ca09982b4f8b706c55ae8491 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/LevelReader.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/LevelReader.java
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ public interface LevelReader extends BlockAndTintGetter, CollisionGetter, Signal
     @Nullable
     ChunkAccess getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ, ChunkStatus leastStatus, boolean create);
 
+    @Nullable ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z); // Paper - ifLoaded api (we need this since current impl blocks if the chunk is loading)
+    @Nullable default ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(BlockPos pos) { return this.getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(pos.getX() >> 4, pos.getZ() >> 4);}
+
     @Deprecated
     boolean hasChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ);
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/PathNavigationRegion.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/PathNavigationRegion.java
index 497792978bdf0e6a53d772304770e8df3e7416ea..c5454b92ca2565461c799d7340160f9fb72c1b0f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/PathNavigationRegion.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/PathNavigationRegion.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import net.minecraft.core.Holder;
 import net.minecraft.core.SectionPos;
 import net.minecraft.core.registries.Registries;
 import net.minecraft.util.profiling.ProfilerFiller;
+import net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel;
 import net.minecraft.world.entity.Entity;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.biome.Biome;
 import net.minecraft.world.level.biome.Biomes;
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ public class PathNavigationRegion implements BlockGetter, CollisionGetter {
     private ChunkAccess getChunk(int chunkX, int chunkZ) {
         int i = chunkX - this.centerX;
         int j = chunkZ - this.centerZ;
-        if (i >= 0 && i < this.chunks.length && j >= 0 && j < this.chunks[i].length) {
+        if (i >= 0 && i < this.chunks.length && j >= 0 && j < this.chunks[i].length) { // Paper - if this changes, update getChunkIfLoaded below
             ChunkAccess chunkAccess = this.chunks[i][j];
             return (ChunkAccess)(chunkAccess != null ? chunkAccess : new EmptyLevelChunk(this.level, new ChunkPos(chunkX, chunkZ), this.plains.get()));
         } else {
@@ -75,6 +76,30 @@ public class PathNavigationRegion implements BlockGetter, CollisionGetter {
         }
     }
 
+    // Paper start - if loaded util
+    private @Nullable ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoaded(int x, int z) {
+        // Based on getChunk(int, int)
+        int xx = x - this.centerX;
+        int zz = z - this.centerZ;
+
+        if (xx >= 0 && xx < this.chunks.length && zz >= 0 && zz < this.chunks[xx].length) {
+            return this.chunks[xx][zz];
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    @Override
+    public final FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = getChunkIfLoaded(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        ChunkAccess chunk = getChunkIfLoaded(blockposition.getX() >> 4, blockposition.getZ() >> 4);
+        return chunk == null ? null : chunk.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public WorldBorder getWorldBorder() {
         return this.level.getWorldBorder();
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/block/state/BlockBehaviour.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/block/state/BlockBehaviour.java
index 295f5d34fbc39016807274d7f5b841f3e1f9919f..e8815210405152696a9f7ddae64f87ff456fa9bd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/block/state/BlockBehaviour.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/block/state/BlockBehaviour.java
@@ -828,12 +828,20 @@ public abstract class BlockBehaviour implements FeatureElement {
             }
         }
 
+        // Paper start
+        protected boolean shapeExceedsCube = true;
+        public final boolean shapeExceedsCube() {
+            return this.shapeExceedsCube;
+        }
+        // Paper end
+
         public void initCache() {
             this.fluidState = ((Block) this.owner).getFluidState(this.asState());
             this.isRandomlyTicking = ((Block) this.owner).isRandomlyTicking(this.asState());
             if (!this.getBlock().hasDynamicShape()) {
                 this.cache = new BlockBehaviour.BlockStateBase.Cache(this.asState());
             }
+            this.shapeExceedsCube = this.cache == null || this.cache.largeCollisionShape; // Paper - moved from actual method to here
 
             this.legacySolid = this.calculateSolid();
         }
@@ -880,8 +888,8 @@ public abstract class BlockBehaviour implements FeatureElement {
             return this.getBlock().getOcclusionShape(this.asState(), world, pos);
         }
 
-        public boolean hasLargeCollisionShape() {
-            return this.cache == null || this.cache.largeCollisionShape;
+        public final boolean hasLargeCollisionShape() { // Paper
+            return this.shapeExceedsCube; // Paper - moved into shape cache init
         }
 
         public boolean useShapeForLightOcclusion() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ChunkAccess.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ChunkAccess.java
index 75cfa73a6a32d9e1f5c07af4af6e16e66c993968..f4e3bd2ae4f63e6d3d25463a3635b8f89fecc068 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ChunkAccess.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ChunkAccess.java
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public abstract class ChunkAccess implements BlockGetter, BiomeManager.NoiseBiom
     protected final ShortList[] postProcessing;
     protected volatile boolean unsaved;
     private volatile boolean isLightCorrect;
-    protected final ChunkPos chunkPos;
+    protected final ChunkPos chunkPos; public final long coordinateKey; public final int locX; public final int locZ; // Paper - cache coordinate key
     private long inhabitedTime;
     /** @deprecated */
     @Nullable
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ public abstract class ChunkAccess implements BlockGetter, BiomeManager.NoiseBiom
     // CraftBukkit end
 
     public ChunkAccess(ChunkPos pos, UpgradeData upgradeData, LevelHeightAccessor heightLimitView, Registry<Biome> biomeRegistry, long inhabitedTime, @Nullable LevelChunkSection[] sectionArray, @Nullable BlendingData blendingData) {
-        this.chunkPos = pos;
+        this.locX = pos.x; this.locZ = pos.z; // Paper - reduce need for field lookups
+        this.chunkPos = pos; this.coordinateKey = ChunkPos.asLong(locX, locZ); // Paper - cache long key
         this.upgradeData = upgradeData;
         this.levelHeightAccessor = heightLimitView;
         this.sections = new LevelChunkSection[heightLimitView.getSectionsCount()];
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/EmptyLevelChunk.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/EmptyLevelChunk.java
index ca0991b07def35b4697ba6d5569bf9a080e48a1c..2ee1658532cb00d7bcd1d11e03f19d21ca7f2a9e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/EmptyLevelChunk.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/EmptyLevelChunk.java
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ public class EmptyLevelChunk extends LevelChunk {
     public BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos) {
         return Blocks.VOID_AIR.defaultBlockState();
     }
+    // Paper start
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getBlockState(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return Blocks.VOID_AIR.defaultBlockState();
+    }
+    // Paper end
 
     @Nullable
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunk.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunk.java
index 3978407cf96c0eb527c16f161af570a2bf030631..bb0f16aef406bdc627e1263859dd4637bec90c63 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunk.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunk.java
@@ -116,6 +116,109 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
     public boolean needsDecoration;
     // CraftBukkit end
 
+    // Paper start
+    public @Nullable net.minecraft.server.level.ChunkHolder playerChunk;
+
+    static final int NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS = 3;
+    public static int getNeighbourCacheRadius() {
+        return NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS;
+    }
+
+    boolean loadedTicketLevel;
+    private long neighbourChunksLoadedBitset;
+    private final LevelChunk[] loadedNeighbourChunks = new LevelChunk[(NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1) * (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)];
+
+    private static int getNeighbourIndex(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ) {
+        // index = (relativeX + NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS) + (relativeZ + NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS) * (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)
+        // optimised variant of the above by moving some of the ops to compile time
+        return relativeX + (relativeZ * (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)) + (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS + NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * ((NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)));
+    }
+
+    public final LevelChunk getRelativeNeighbourIfLoaded(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ) {
+        return this.loadedNeighbourChunks[getNeighbourIndex(relativeX, relativeZ)];
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isNeighbourLoaded(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ) {
+        return (this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset & (1L << getNeighbourIndex(relativeX, relativeZ))) != 0;
+    }
+
+    public final void setNeighbourLoaded(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ, final LevelChunk chunk) {
+        if (chunk == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Chunk must be non-null, neighbour: (" + relativeX + "," + relativeZ + "), chunk: " + this.chunkPos);
+        }
+        final long before = this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset;
+        final int index = getNeighbourIndex(relativeX, relativeZ);
+        this.loadedNeighbourChunks[index] = chunk;
+        this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset |= (1L << index);
+        this.onNeighbourChange(before, this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset);
+    }
+
+    public final void setNeighbourUnloaded(final int relativeX, final int relativeZ) {
+        final long before = this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset;
+        final int index = getNeighbourIndex(relativeX, relativeZ);
+        this.loadedNeighbourChunks[index] = null;
+        this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset &= ~(1L << index);
+        this.onNeighbourChange(before, this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset);
+    }
+
+    public final void resetNeighbours() {
+        final long before = this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset;
+        this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset = 0L;
+        java.util.Arrays.fill(this.loadedNeighbourChunks, null);
+        this.onNeighbourChange(before, 0L);
+    }
+
+    protected void onNeighbourChange(final long bitsetBefore, final long bitsetAfter) {
+
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isAnyNeighborsLoaded() {
+        return neighbourChunksLoadedBitset != 0;
+    }
+    public final boolean areNeighboursLoaded(final int radius) {
+        return LevelChunk.areNeighboursLoaded(this.neighbourChunksLoadedBitset, radius);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean areNeighboursLoaded(final long bitset, final int radius) {
+        // index = relativeX + (relativeZ * (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)) + (NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS + NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * ((NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS * 2 + 1)))
+        switch (radius) {
+            case 0: {
+                return (bitset & (1L << getNeighbourIndex(0, 0))) != 0;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                long mask = 0L;
+                for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -1; dz <= 1; ++dz) {
+                        mask |= (1L << getNeighbourIndex(dx, dz));
+                    }
+                }
+                return (bitset & mask) == mask;
+            }
+            case 2: {
+                long mask = 0L;
+                for (int dx = -2; dx <= 2; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -2; dz <= 2; ++dz) {
+                        mask |= (1L << getNeighbourIndex(dx, dz));
+                    }
+                }
+                return (bitset & mask) == mask;
+            }
+            case 3: {
+                long mask = 0L;
+                for (int dx = -3; dx <= 3; ++dx) {
+                    for (int dz = -3; dz <= 3; ++dz) {
+                        mask |= (1L << getNeighbourIndex(dx, dz));
+                    }
+                }
+                return (bitset & mask) == mask;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Radius not recognized: " + radius);
+        }
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     public LevelChunk(ServerLevel world, ProtoChunk protoChunk, @Nullable LevelChunk.PostLoadProcessor entityLoader) {
         this(world, protoChunk.getPos(), protoChunk.getUpgradeData(), protoChunk.unpackBlockTicks(), protoChunk.unpackFluidTicks(), protoChunk.getInhabitedTime(), protoChunk.getSections(), entityLoader, protoChunk.getBlendingData());
         Iterator iterator = protoChunk.getBlockEntities().values().iterator();
@@ -181,8 +284,25 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
         }
     }
 
+    // Paper start - Perf: Reduce instructions and provide final method
+    public BlockState getBlockState(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        return this.getBlockStateFinal(x, y, z);
+    }
+    public BlockState getBlockStateFinal(final int x, final int y, final int z) {
+        // Copied and modified from below
+        final int sectionIndex = this.getSectionIndex(y);
+        if (sectionIndex < 0 || sectionIndex >= this.sections.length
+            || this.sections[sectionIndex].nonEmptyBlockCount == 0) {
+            return Blocks.AIR.defaultBlockState();
+        }
+        return this.sections[sectionIndex].states.get((y & 15) << 8 | (z & 15) << 4 | x & 15);
+    }
     @Override
     public BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos) {
+        if (true) {
+            return this.getBlockStateFinal(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
+        }
+        // Paper end - Perf: Reduce instructions and provide final method
         int i = pos.getX();
         int j = pos.getY();
         int k = pos.getZ();
@@ -224,6 +344,18 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
         }
     }
 
+    // Paper start - If loaded util
+    @Override
+    public final FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public FluidState getFluidState(BlockPos pos) {
         return this.getFluidState(pos.getX(), pos.getY(), pos.getZ());
@@ -537,7 +669,25 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
 
     // CraftBukkit start
     public void loadCallback() {
+        // Paper start - neighbour cache
+        int chunkX = this.chunkPos.x;
+        int chunkZ = this.chunkPos.z;
+        net.minecraft.server.level.ServerChunkCache chunkProvider = this.level.getChunkSource();
+        for (int dx = -NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; dx <= NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; ++dx) {
+            for (int dz = -NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; dz <= NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; ++dz) {
+                LevelChunk neighbour = chunkProvider.getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThreadNoCache(chunkX + dx, chunkZ + dz);
+                if (neighbour != null) {
+                    neighbour.setNeighbourLoaded(-dx, -dz, this);
+                    // should be in cached already
+                    this.setNeighbourLoaded(dx, dz, neighbour);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        this.setNeighbourLoaded(0, 0, this);
+        this.loadedTicketLevel = true;
+        // Paper end - neighbour cache
         org.bukkit.Server server = this.level.getCraftServer();
+        this.level.getChunkSource().addLoadedChunk(this); // Paper
         if (server != null) {
             /*
              * If it's a new world, the first few chunks are generated inside
@@ -578,6 +728,22 @@ public class LevelChunk extends ChunkAccess {
         server.getPluginManager().callEvent(unloadEvent);
         // note: saving can be prevented, but not forced if no saving is actually required
         this.mustNotSave = !unloadEvent.isSaveChunk();
+        this.level.getChunkSource().removeLoadedChunk(this); // Paper
+        // Paper start - neighbour cache
+        int chunkX = this.chunkPos.x;
+        int chunkZ = this.chunkPos.z;
+        net.minecraft.server.level.ServerChunkCache chunkProvider = this.level.getChunkSource();
+        for (int dx = -NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; dx <= NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; ++dx) {
+            for (int dz = -NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; dz <= NEIGHBOUR_CACHE_RADIUS; ++dz) {
+                LevelChunk neighbour = chunkProvider.getChunkAtIfLoadedMainThreadNoCache(chunkX + dx, chunkZ + dz);
+                if (neighbour != null) {
+                    neighbour.setNeighbourUnloaded(-dx, -dz);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        this.loadedTicketLevel = false;
+        this.resetNeighbours();
+        // Paper end
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunkSection.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunkSection.java
index ca4c8f74a1ab2a8b36e193a2c40c3bd76565d258..2c153af611399e884752f8256bee4fe32de5c572 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunkSection.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/LevelChunkSection.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public class LevelChunkSection {
     public static final int SECTION_HEIGHT = 16;
     public static final int SECTION_SIZE = 4096;
     public static final int BIOME_CONTAINER_BITS = 2;
-    private short nonEmptyBlockCount;
+    short nonEmptyBlockCount; // Paper - package private
     private short tickingBlockCount;
     private short tickingFluidCount;
     public final PalettedContainer<BlockState> states;
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ProtoChunk.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ProtoChunk.java
index 0f2b1dcf536f6d5f2d65e0060418511944ff6ab8..bcc70883d23d38c408130ffe778205e371ff4e8a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ProtoChunk.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/chunk/ProtoChunk.java
@@ -83,6 +83,18 @@ public class ProtoChunk extends ChunkAccess {
         return new ChunkAccess.TicksToSave(this.blockTicks, this.fluidTicks);
     }
 
+    // Paper start - If loaded util
+    @Override
+    public final FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getFluidState(blockposition);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public final BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return this.getBlockState(blockposition);
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public BlockState getBlockState(BlockPos pos) {
         int i = pos.getY();
diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/entity/PersistentEntitySectionManager.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/entity/PersistentEntitySectionManager.java
index 34933c5324126f9afdc5cba9dea997ace8f01806..219062cff8a05c765b092f1525043d9d9a1153ae 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/entity/PersistentEntitySectionManager.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/world/level/entity/PersistentEntitySectionManager.java
@@ -91,6 +91,18 @@ public class PersistentEntitySectionManager<T extends EntityAccess> implements A
     }
 
     private boolean addEntity(T entity, boolean existing) {
+        // Paper start - chunk system hooks
+        if (existing) {
+            // I don't want to know why this is a generic type.
+            Entity entityCasted = (Entity)entity;
+            boolean wasRemoved = entityCasted.isRemoved();
+            io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.onEntityPreAdd((net.minecraft.server.level.ServerLevel) entityCasted.level(), entityCasted);
+            if (!wasRemoved && entityCasted.isRemoved()) {
+                // removed by callback
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // Paper end - chunk system hooks
         if (!this.addEntityUuid(entity)) {
             return false;
         } else {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
index 080c0cf84d959e1acdde088f367bd005ea9c3bbd..9b299f74336ad0efecd05a4b771ac58549d5fb6a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
@@ -2561,4 +2561,9 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
         return this.spigot;
     }
     // Spigot end
+
+    @Override
+    public double[] getTPS() {
+        return new double[]{0, 0, 0}; // TODO
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java
index fb8243b6202374b5a1b5197a6b7984e1cfb60500..6ce2b09c4bb7153c960a7eed865296a9c93dd1cb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java
@@ -252,8 +252,8 @@ public class CraftWorld extends CraftRegionAccessor implements World {
 
     @Override
     public Chunk[] getLoadedChunks() {
-        Long2ObjectLinkedOpenHashMap<ChunkHolder> chunks = this.world.getChunkSource().chunkMap.visibleChunkMap;
-        return chunks.values().stream().map(ChunkHolder::getFullChunkNow).filter(Objects::nonNull).map(CraftChunk::new).toArray(Chunk[]::new);
+        List<ChunkHolder> chunks = io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getVisibleChunkHolders(this.world); // Paper
+        return chunks.stream().map(ChunkHolder::getFullChunkNow).filter(Objects::nonNull).map(CraftChunk::new).toArray(Chunk[]::new);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ public class CraftWorld extends CraftRegionAccessor implements World {
 
     @Override
     public boolean refreshChunk(int x, int z) {
-        ChunkHolder playerChunk = this.world.getChunkSource().chunkMap.visibleChunkMap.get(ChunkPos.asLong(x, z));
+        ChunkHolder playerChunk = this.world.getChunkSource().chunkMap.getVisibleChunkIfPresent(ChunkPos.asLong(x, z));
         if (playerChunk == null) return false;
 
         playerChunk.getTickingChunkFuture().thenAccept(either -> {
@@ -2075,4 +2075,55 @@ public class CraftWorld extends CraftRegionAccessor implements World {
         return this.spigot;
     }
     // Spigot end
+    // Paper start
+    public java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture<Chunk> getChunkAtAsync(int x, int z, boolean gen, boolean urgent) {
+        if (Bukkit.isPrimaryThread()) {
+            net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.LevelChunk immediate = this.world.getChunkSource().getChunkAtIfLoadedImmediately(x, z);
+            if (immediate != null) {
+                return java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completedFuture(new CraftChunk(immediate));
+            }
+        }
+
+        ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.executor.standard.PrioritisedExecutor.Priority priority;
+        if (urgent) {
+            priority = ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.executor.standard.PrioritisedExecutor.Priority.HIGHER;
+        } else {
+            priority = ca.spottedleaf.concurrentutil.executor.standard.PrioritisedExecutor.Priority.NORMAL;
+        }
+
+        java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture<Chunk> ret = new java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.scheduleChunkLoad(this.getHandle(), x, z, gen, ChunkStatus.FULL, true, priority, (c) -> {
+            net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer.getServer().scheduleOnMain(() -> {
+                net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.LevelChunk chunk = (net.minecraft.world.level.chunk.LevelChunk)c;
+                ret.complete(chunk == null ? null : new CraftChunk(chunk));
+            });
+        });
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setViewDistance(final int viewDistance) {
+        if (viewDistance < 2 || viewDistance > 32) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("View distance " + viewDistance + " is out of range of [2, 32]");
+        }
+        this.getHandle().chunkSource.chunkMap.setServerViewDistance(viewDistance);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setSimulationDistance(final int simulationDistance) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented yet");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getSendViewDistance() {
+        return this.getViewDistance();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setSendViewDistance(final int viewDistance) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented yet");
+    }
+    // Paper end
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java
index be0f10f8905cba30e26d61af879b054d3df5284b..13c3ac65f26e6cfc55ee3538b6308ef93f9936aa 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java
@@ -2400,4 +2400,34 @@ public class CraftPlayer extends CraftHumanEntity implements Player {
         return this.spigot;
     }
     // Spigot end
+
+    @Override
+    public int getViewDistance() {
+        return io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getLoadViewDistance(this.getHandle());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setViewDistance(final int viewDistance) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented yet");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getSimulationDistance() {
+        return io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getTickViewDistance(this.getHandle());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setSimulationDistance(final int simulationDistance) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented yet");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getSendViewDistance() {
+        return io.papermc.paper.chunk.system.ChunkSystem.getSendViewDistance(this.getHandle());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setSendViewDistance(final int viewDistance) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented yet");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/inventory/CraftItemStack.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/inventory/CraftItemStack.java
index 39803e02ff5fcca8c9ce07aae890ab7095656370..b6521462d193bff83ace1dc694c6d957a7173969 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/inventory/CraftItemStack.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/inventory/CraftItemStack.java
@@ -22,6 +22,20 @@ import org.bukkit.material.MaterialData;
 @DelegateDeserialization(ItemStack.class)
 public final class CraftItemStack extends ItemStack {
 
+    // Paper start - MC Utils
+    public static net.minecraft.world.item.ItemStack unwrap(ItemStack bukkit) {
+        if (bukkit instanceof CraftItemStack craftItemStack) {
+            return craftItemStack.handle != null ? craftItemStack.handle : net.minecraft.world.item.ItemStack.EMPTY;
+        } else {
+            return asNMSCopy(bukkit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static net.minecraft.world.item.ItemStack getOrCloneOnMutation(ItemStack old, ItemStack newInstance) {
+        return old == newInstance ? unwrap(old) : asNMSCopy(newInstance);
+    }
+    // Paper end - MC Utils
+
     public static net.minecraft.world.item.ItemStack asNMSCopy(ItemStack original) {
         if (original instanceof CraftItemStack) {
             CraftItemStack stack = (CraftItemStack) original;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
index c017ce2ca1bc535795c958a2e509af2adf88efa9..0f7c3a44acf3c59ae43605e573f9da7f7c594647 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ import org.bukkit.scheduler.BukkitWorker;
  */
 public class CraftScheduler implements BukkitScheduler {
 
+    static Plugin MINECRAFT = new MinecraftInternalPlugin();
     /**
      * The start ID for the counter.
      */
@@ -194,6 +195,11 @@ public class CraftScheduler implements BukkitScheduler {
         this.runTaskTimer(plugin, (Object) task, delay, period);
     }
 
+    public BukkitTask scheduleInternalTask(Runnable run, int delay, String taskName) {
+        final CraftTask task = new CraftTask(run, nextId(), taskName);
+        return handle(task, delay);
+    }
+
     public BukkitTask runTaskTimer(Plugin plugin, Object runnable, long delay, long period) {
         CraftScheduler.validate(plugin, runnable);
         if (delay < 0L) {
@@ -417,13 +423,20 @@ public class CraftScheduler implements BukkitScheduler {
                     task.run();
                     task.timings.stopTiming(); // Spigot
                 } catch (final Throwable throwable) {
-                    task.getOwner().getLogger().log(
+                    // Paper start
+                    String msg = String.format(
+                        "Task #%s for %s generated an exception",
+                        task.getTaskId(),
+                        task.getOwner().getDescription().getFullName());
+                    if (task.getOwner() == MINECRAFT) {
+                        net.minecraft.server.MinecraftServer.LOGGER.error(msg, throwable);
+                    } else {
+                        task.getOwner().getLogger().log(
                             Level.WARNING,
-                            String.format(
-                                "Task #%s for %s generated an exception",
-                                task.getTaskId(),
-                                task.getOwner().getDescription().getFullName()),
+                            msg,
                             throwable);
+                    }
+                    // Paper end
                 } finally {
                     this.currentTask = null;
                 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
index e4d1eb4a0ce2c9874922585f6bb0d9ead433fde1..d56abf283f38548faa790c57045033f7ade6f958 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
@@ -40,6 +40,21 @@ public class CraftTask implements BukkitTask, Runnable { // Spigot
     CraftTask(final Object task) {
         this(null, task, CraftTask.NO_REPEATING, CraftTask.NO_REPEATING);
     }
+    // Paper start
+    public String taskName = null;
+    boolean internal = false;
+    CraftTask(final Object task, int id, String taskName) {
+        this.rTask = (Runnable) task;
+        this.cTask = null;
+        this.plugin = CraftScheduler.MINECRAFT;
+        this.taskName = taskName;
+        this.internal = true;
+        this.id = id;
+        this.period = CraftTask.NO_REPEATING;
+        this.taskName = taskName;
+        this.timings = null; // Will be changed in later patch
+    }
+    // Paper end
 
     CraftTask(final Plugin plugin, final Object task, final int id, final long period) {
         this.plugin = plugin;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/MinecraftInternalPlugin.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/MinecraftInternalPlugin.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..909b2c98e7a9117d2f737245e4661792ffafb744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/MinecraftInternalPlugin.java
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package org.bukkit.craftbukkit.scheduler;
+
+
+import org.bukkit.Server;
+import org.bukkit.command.Command;
+import org.bukkit.command.CommandSender;
+import org.bukkit.configuration.file.FileConfiguration;
+import org.bukkit.generator.BiomeProvider;
+import org.bukkit.generator.ChunkGenerator;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.PluginBase;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.PluginDescriptionFile;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.PluginLoader;
+import org.bukkit.plugin.PluginLogger;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class MinecraftInternalPlugin extends PluginBase {
+    private boolean enabled = true;
+
+    private final String pluginName;
+    private PluginDescriptionFile pdf;
+
+    public MinecraftInternalPlugin() {
+        this.pluginName = "Minecraft";
+        pdf = new PluginDescriptionFile(pluginName, "1.0", "nms");
+    }
+
+    public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        this.enabled = enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public File getDataFolder() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PluginDescriptionFile getDescription() {
+        return pdf;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FileConfiguration getConfig() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InputStream getResource(String filename) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void saveConfig() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void saveDefaultConfig() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void saveResource(String resourcePath, boolean replace) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reloadConfig() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PluginLogger getLogger() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PluginLoader getPluginLoader() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Server getServer() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isEnabled() {
+        return enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDisable() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onLoad() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onEnable() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isNaggable() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setNaggable(boolean canNag) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ChunkGenerator getDefaultWorldGenerator(String worldName, String id) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public @Nullable BiomeProvider getDefaultBiomeProvider(@NotNull String worldName, @Nullable String id) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean onCommand(CommandSender sender, Command command, String label, String[] args) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> onTabComplete(CommandSender sender, Command command, String alias, String[] args) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported.");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/CraftMagicNumbers.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/CraftMagicNumbers.java
index 2ee0f83f18477fe2c759dc1ccc5ee18dbe791527..38d72d95b1f3ab23710f3335177c59ea6a25270e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/CraftMagicNumbers.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/CraftMagicNumbers.java
@@ -105,8 +105,17 @@ public final class CraftMagicNumbers implements UnsafeValues {
     private static final Map<Item, Material> ITEM_MATERIAL = new HashMap<>();
     private static final Map<Material, Item> MATERIAL_ITEM = new HashMap<>();
     private static final Map<Material, Block> MATERIAL_BLOCK = new HashMap<>();
+    // Paper start
+    private static final Map<org.bukkit.entity.EntityType, net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType<?>> ENTITY_TYPE_ENTITY_TYPES = new HashMap<>();
+    private static final Map<net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType<?>, org.bukkit.entity.EntityType> ENTITY_TYPES_ENTITY_TYPE = new HashMap<>();
 
     static {
+        for (org.bukkit.entity.EntityType type : org.bukkit.entity.EntityType.values()) {
+            if (type == org.bukkit.entity.EntityType.UNKNOWN) continue;
+            ENTITY_TYPE_ENTITY_TYPES.put(type, BuiltInRegistries.ENTITY_TYPE.get(CraftNamespacedKey.toMinecraft(type.getKey())));
+            ENTITY_TYPES_ENTITY_TYPE.put(BuiltInRegistries.ENTITY_TYPE.get(CraftNamespacedKey.toMinecraft(type.getKey())), type);
+        }
+        // Paper end
         for (Block block : BuiltInRegistries.BLOCK) {
             BLOCK_MATERIAL.put(block, Material.getMaterial(BuiltInRegistries.BLOCK.getKey(block).getPath().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT)));
         }
@@ -157,6 +166,14 @@ public final class CraftMagicNumbers implements UnsafeValues {
     public static ResourceLocation key(Material mat) {
         return CraftNamespacedKey.toMinecraft(mat.getKey());
     }
+    // Paper start
+    public static net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType<?> getEntityTypes(org.bukkit.entity.EntityType type) {
+        return ENTITY_TYPE_ENTITY_TYPES.get(type);
+    }
+    public static org.bukkit.entity.EntityType getEntityType(net.minecraft.world.entity.EntityType<?> entityTypes) {
+        return ENTITY_TYPES_ENTITY_TYPE.get(entityTypes);
+    }
+    // Paper end
     // ========================================================================
 
     public static byte toLegacyData(BlockState data) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DelegatedGeneratorAccess.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DelegatedGeneratorAccess.java
index 5fd6eb754c4edebed6798c65b06507a4e89ca48f..0794d92c42b0db6b367505ae28f09f1fd39fa312 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DelegatedGeneratorAccess.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DelegatedGeneratorAccess.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ import net.minecraft.world.phys.shapes.VoxelShape;
 import net.minecraft.world.ticks.LevelTickAccess;
 import net.minecraft.world.ticks.TickPriority;
 import org.bukkit.event.entity.CreatureSpawnEvent;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 public abstract class DelegatedGeneratorAccess implements WorldGenLevel {
 
@@ -807,4 +808,24 @@ public abstract class DelegatedGeneratorAccess implements WorldGenLevel {
     public int getMoonPhase() {
         return this.handle.getMoonPhase();
     }
+
+    // Paper start
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(final BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(final BlockPos blockposition) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(final int x, final int z) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    // Paper end
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DummyGeneratorAccess.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DummyGeneratorAccess.java
index e837d76e833d73d888bc1dad3515c2b82bc0e437..4705aed1dd98378c146bf9e346df1a17f719ad36 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DummyGeneratorAccess.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/DummyGeneratorAccess.java
@@ -212,7 +212,23 @@ public class DummyGeneratorAccess implements WorldGenLevel {
     public FluidState getFluidState(BlockPos pos) {
         return Fluids.EMPTY.defaultFluidState(); // SPIGOT-6634
     }
+    // Paper start - if loaded util
+    @javax.annotation.Nullable
+    @Override
+    public ChunkAccess getChunkIfLoadedImmediately(int x, int z) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BlockState getBlockStateIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
 
+    @Override
+    public FluidState getFluidIfLoaded(BlockPos blockposition) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+    // Paper end
     @Override
     public WorldBorder getWorldBorder() {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/UnsafeList.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/UnsafeList.java
index 96c4f7aed548a181f6b1487e58dcf157bae52daa..837e3d6ee71566b5a6f37a49438291333c47f5d1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/UnsafeList.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/UnsafeList.java
@@ -120,6 +120,32 @@ public class UnsafeList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAcc
         return this.indexOf(o) >= 0;
     }
 
+    // Paper start
+    protected transient int maxSize;
+    public void setSize(int size) {
+        if (this.maxSize < this.size) {
+            this.maxSize = this.size;
+        }
+        this.size = size;
+    }
+
+    public void completeReset() {
+        if (this.data != null) {
+            Arrays.fill(this.data, 0, Math.max(this.size, this.maxSize), null);
+        }
+        this.size = 0;
+        this.maxSize = 0;
+        if (this.iterPool != null) {
+            for (Iterator temp : this.iterPool) {
+                if (temp == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ((Itr)temp).valid = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Paper end
+
     @Override
     public void clear() {
         // Create new array to reset memory usage to initial capacity
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/ActivationRange.java b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/ActivationRange.java
index 0c7c97f27853843ec714e47f5b570f9d09bbba14..ff422d4d4f2b764370f0ee2af13034853c1d3fe1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/ActivationRange.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/ActivationRange.java
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ public class ActivationRange
 
     public enum ActivationType
     {
+        WATER, // Paper
+        FLYING_MONSTER, // Paper
+        VILLAGER, // Paper
         MONSTER,
         ANIMAL,
         RAIDER,
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/SpigotConfig.java b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/SpigotConfig.java
index 38219af7d0ba2d871711102b6a29139a49678f6b..60e354fe1d32cd315ed42cea4484c83c4b5e7e25 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/SpigotConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/SpigotConfig.java
@@ -118,7 +118,11 @@ public class SpigotConfig
                 }
             }
         }
-
+        // Paper start
+        SpigotConfig.save();
+    }
+    public static void save() {
+        // Paper end
         try
         {
             SpigotConfig.config.save( SpigotConfig.CONFIG_FILE );