Build tools: Allow building WordPress to src.

After the JavaScript reorganization in [43309], it was no longer possible to test WordPress from the `src` folder. That meant a build step was required to test PHP modifications. That is suboptimal as even a simple copy is slower than a web server just serving the new file.

We achieve building to `src` by setting a `WORKING_DIR` constant in the Gruntfile that is `build` by default, but changes to `src` when the `--dev` flag is present on any Grunt command. We provide sensible defaults so some commands, such as copying `version.php`, always build to `build`.

Because testing from `build` is no longer required, we change the messages present in `index.php` and `wp-admin/index.php` to be more broadly about building WordPress.

We also change the webpack config to have more straightforward behavior based on the `buildTarget` argument. It only determines the build target now and has no implicit behavior anymore. `grunt build` still works as it worked before, to make sure that the build server produces the same `wordpress.zip` we are used to.

We do all this instead of a symlink setup because symlinks don't work on every platform.

Props omarreiss, netweb, flixos90, SergeyBiryukov.
Fixes #44492.

Built from https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@44359


git-svn-id: http://core.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@44189 1a063a9b-81f0-0310-95a4-ce76da25c4cd

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wp-includes/css/dist/editor/editor-styles-rtl.min.css

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+body{font-family:"Noto Serif",serif;color:#191e23}body,p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.8}ol,ul{margin:0;padding:0}ul{list-style-type:disc}ol{list-style-type:decimal}ol ul,ul ul{list-style-type:circle}.mce-content-body{line-height:1.8}

wp-includes/css/dist/editor/editor-styles.min.css

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wp-includes/css/dist/nux/style.min.css

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+  /*!rtl:ignore*/margin-left:0}.nux-dot-tip.components-popover:not(.is-mobile):not(.is-middle).is-left .components-popover__content{
+  /*!rtl:ignore*/margin-right:0}.nux-dot-tip.components-popover.edit-post-more-menu__content:not(.is-mobile):not(.is-middle).is-right .components-popover__content{
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wp-includes/version.php

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  *
  * @global string $wp_version
  */
-$wp_version = '5.1-alpha-44358';
+$wp_version = '5.1-alpha-44359';
 
 /**
  * Holds the WordPress DB revision, increments when changes are made to the WordPress DB schema.